大家好，欢迎大家来到我们美丽的洛阳，我是你们的导游,现在正逢第27届洛阳牡丹花会和世界邮展期间，所以洛阳也是热闹非凡，请大家在观赏牡丹花的时候一定要照顾好自己的物品，下面大家就由我带领大家观赏洛阳牡丹，首先给大家介绍一些洛阳牡丹的知识。
牡丹是我国著名的传统花卉，原为野生植物，与荆棘无异，主要产于我国的青藏高原、黄河流域、巴山秦岭、山西的中条山、河南的伏牛山和邙山等地区，原始牡丹群落可追溯到3000多年前。
牡丹在洛阳栽培，据史料记载：始于隋而盛于唐。"名甲天下"于北宋时期《隋志·素问》中有"清明次五日，牡丹华"的记载。自隋以来，牡丹在民间栽培的基础上，开始进入皇家园林，成为宫廷的宠物。公元620xx年隋场帝建都洛阳，辟西苑周200里，多种牡丹成为中国历史上第一个皇家牡丹园。及至唐宋，洛阳一直处于国都、陪都地位，栽培、观赏牡丹之风日盛。唐代诗人白居易的"花开花落二十日，一城之人皆若狂"即是当时状况的真实写照。皇家宫苑，寺观园林，私家花园鳞次栉比，宋代理学家邵雍写有"人间佳节唯寒食，天下名园重洛阳"之名句，可想当时洛阳园林之盛，花卉之壮观。每至春暖花开时"帝城春欲暮，喧喧车马度，共道牡丹时，相随买花去。"成为京城洛阳的亮丽景观。诗人刘禹锡的"惟有牡丹真国色，花开时节动京城"以及宋代文人司马光的"洛阳春日最繁华，红绿丛中十万家，谁道群花如锦绣，人将锦绣学群花。"均描绘出唐、宋时期洛阳人们赏花的狂热程度。 中 华 考 试 网
中国的著名花卉数百种，各显其长，入伍群芳，但惟有牡丹品位极高。它花朵硕大，品种繁多，姿色万千，冠压群芳。"观古今花谱，佳丽360多种，无一可与牡丹伦比。因此，被誉为"花中之王"。而洛阳地处中原，气候温和，雨量适中，适于牡丹生长发育。宋代文学家欧阳修在洛阳做官时，他饱览了洛阳名胜古迹，对洛阳牡丹情有独钟，著有《洛阳牡丹记》。他的"洛阳地脉花最宜，牡丹尤为天下奇"的诗句道出了洛阳牡丹生长得天独厚的自然条件。
据说，很早以前，邙山上的野生牡丹人们不以为贵，常割其为柴，有个青年十分怜惜，将其移植院内，精心护养。在一一方手帕，上面绣有大朵的牡丹。这个青年纳闷，正要相问少女忽然不见了。展开绣帕，但见上面题有一首诗："芳名洛阳花，邙岭为我家。感君情意重，来春见奇葩。"到了第二年春，这位青年家中的牡丹花困果然丰硕艳丽，婀娜含情，从此他便以种植牡丹为生，家境日见丰裕。看来，传说中的这位后生该是洛阳最早的"牡丹种植专家"啦。
自唐代以来千余年间，洛阳出了不少栽培牡丹的能工巧匠。《龙城录》中记载："洛人宋单父，字仲孺，能诗，善种植之术。凡牡丹变易千种，红白斗色，人不能知其术，上皇(唐玄宗)召至骊山植万本，色各别，赐千金归，宫人呼为花师。"历代文人学士吟咏洛阳牡丹流香吐馥、旷代绝姿的诗句美不胜收。唐人王亦真写洛阳牡丹："牡丹妖艳乱人心，一国如狂不惜金。"大诗人白居易在《买花》一诗中写道："一丛深色花，十户中人赋"、"家家习为俗，人人迷于悟"，此诗道出了洛阳牡丹的珍贵及人们对牡丹的挚爱。
我们首先来到的是位于南阳古城东关温凉河畔的医圣祠。医圣祠是我国东汉伟大的医学家张仲景的祠墓所在地，为国家级重点文物保护单位。
张仲景名玑，生于150年，卒于219年，正处于中国东汉末年这一动乱的历史时期。他在继承前人医学理论的基础上，勇于实践，潜心于中医药的研究，终于写成了医学巨着《伤寒杂病论》，熔理法方药为一炉，开辩证论治之先河，奠定了中医治疗学的基础。后人将该书分为《伤寒论》和《金匮要略》，这两部书和《黄帝内经》、《神农本草经》并称为中医四大经典着作。张仲景因此被后世医家称为"医圣"，后人在其家乡南阳修建祠庙以祭祀。我们现在看到的便是纪念张仲景的专祠――医圣祠。
各位请看。这便是具有汉代建筑风格的医圣祠大门，郭沫若先生1959年12月题写的"医圣祠"三个大字，苍劲有力，熠熠生辉。大门前这一对炮楼式的建筑称为"子母门阙"，高的为母阙，低的为子阙，其形象如同一位母亲怀抱一婴儿。在中国汉代的建筑群中，时常可以见到这种建筑物，一可以起"了望哨"的作用，二可以作"烽火台"，三起装饰作用。大门上的这对青铜制品称为"铺首衔环"其虎嘴中叨一圆环，它象征着威严和雄伟。这对"铺首衔环"重约三百公斤，是目前世界上最重的"铺首衔环"。
大家请看，门庭内的这块巨大石屏，是一块完整的石料制成的，长高各为3.5米，重达6吨，是中国当代碑林一绝。石屏正面雕刻的是已故名医黄竹斋先生撰写的《张仲景传》，它生动地描述了张仲景辉煌的一生和对中国中医事业做出的伟大贡献，两侧的对联是中国有名的老中医任应秋教授题写的，上联是："阴阳有三，辩病还须辩证"。"阴阳有三"是指三阴(少阴、太阴、阙阴)和三阳(少阳、太阳、阳明)。"辩病还须辩证"是说要想治好病人的病症，必须要依据张仲景的"辩证论治"学说，也就是根据病人得病的时间、地点，结合病人的年龄、身体状况，对症下药。下联是："医相无二，活国在于活人"。意思是说："医生和治理国家的宰相没有区别，医生治人，宰相治国，然而要把国家治理好的根本目的在于让人民健康、安乐、生活美满。"
石屏背面雕刻的是张仲景写的《伤寒杂病论序》。在序言中，张仲景说明了自已走上医学道路的原因。他写道："余宗族素多，向余二百，建安以来，其死亡者三分有二，伤寒者十居其七"。东汉末年瘟疫的大流行，百姓因得不到治疗而大批死去，这种凄惨的局面和仲景家族自身的遭遇，促使他立志学医，走上了救民于水火的艰难道路。
我们现在看到的四个塑像，分别是中国不同历史时期的四位大医学家的塑像。这位是医和，医和是春秋时期秦国的名.医，距今有2700多年，那时他认为疾病不是鬼神作祟，而是大自然的变化作用于人体引起的，医和后面的为王叔和，他是魏晋时期的医学家，距今lOOO多年。他精研医学，重视诊脉，着成《脉经》一书、同时，他搜集、整理了张仲景的《伤寒杂病论》，使其得以流传至今。左边的这两个塑像，前面的是华伦，后面是李时珍。华佗和仲景是同时代的医学家，他精通内、外、儿、妇、针灸各科，尤其擅长外科，他在世界上首创使用麻沸散(酒内浸入草药)，进行腹腔手术。他还依照虎、熊、猿、鹿、鸟的形体动作，创"五禽戏"，用以强健身体，治疗百病，达到延年益寿的目的。李时珍是明朝医学家，距今470多年，他花费27年时间，写成了《本草纲目》一书，近200万字，该书总结了中国几千年的药物治疗经验，把药物学研究，提高到了一个新阶段。后来该书传人日本、朝鲜、越南，17~18世纪传人欧洲，对世界医药学和生物学都做出了重大贡献。 网整理该文章，版权归原作者、原出处所有.
下面请大家继续随我参观"张仲景史画"部分，"张仲景史画"是一套反映张仲景生平事迹的绘画。这一套绘画共二十四幅，采用了汉代画像石刻的浅浮雕手法，显得古朴凝重。因张仲景是东汉人，所以设计者张一平先生采用了汉代造型艺术，更符合两汉的时代特色。大家可以按顺序欣赏。下面的这些书法，是历代名人对张仲景的评赞。
我们现在看到的是"百寿亭"和"百寿图"，它们是中国历代书法名家的手迹。这是"张仲景敬仰之碑"。
我们现在去瞻仰张仲景墓祠。这两座仿汉建筑叫"春台亭"和"秋风阁"。《春秋》是中国古代的一部史书，是由孔子撰写的，而张仲景的《伤寒杂病论》有医学春秋之称，故修建"春台亭"和"秋风阁"以纪念。
我们现在看到的便是张仲景的坟墓，此墓始建于何时，已无确考。墓前的石碑，是清朝所立的。仲景墓是仿汉墓式样，墓的四角各有一个羊头，在中国古代"羊"和"祥"是同音、同义的两个字，象征着吉祥(如"美"和"善"都以羊为字头)。墓顶的莲花座，象征着仲景"出淤泥而不染"的高尚医德医风。
朱仙镇导游词 ·中岳庙导游词 ·岳飞庙导游词 ·河南嵩山少林寺导游词
现在我们进入正殿。正殿塑着仲景老师手拿卷宗的塑像。这些匣额是历代名士赠送的。两侧房内陈列的是《张仲景史画》原稿。
我们现在看到的这棵树叫"凌霄花树"，也就是"紫葳"。它八月份开花，花朵呈喇叭型，异常娇丽，此花可入药，有止血化淤，调节经络的作用。
这是西偏房，周恩来总理题词："发扬祖国医药遗产，为社会主义建设服务"。
这些是在重修医圣祠时，整理出的文物。这是"下水管道"，它说明在汉代，城市的通水设施已经很完备了。这是"铁斧"，是熬制中药用的容器。这是"陶井圈"，建在水并的上边，可以防止井水被弄脏。这是"药白"，是捣药用的。
少林寺、龙门石窟、云台山，这些词汇或许大家都不陌生。看到它们你马上会联想到河南，因为它们是河南旅游的“王牌”景点。你来过河南吗？你了解河南旅游的现状吗？今天我就给大家说一说河南的旅游。
河南的旅游曾经在全国有很高的地位。旅游界流行一句话：中国旅游看“三南”：河南、海南和云南。河南悠久的历史文化资源、海南得天独厚的热带风光以及云南少数民族的异域风情一直为国人所乐道，也是中国吸引海外客源的重要招牌。河南地处中原，经过几十年的发展，如今的河南旅游业呈现出生机勃勃的劲头和日新月异的面貌。按其特色，河南旅游大致有七个方面的特点：古、河、拳、根、花、红、绿。 说到河南的古，想必谁都不会怀疑。中华民族五千年的文明史同河南休戚相关，从原始社会到奴隶社会，从奴隶社会到封建社会直到今天，中国历史上几乎所有的历史兴衰都在中原大地上留下了深深的烙印。中国的八大古都河南占了四个，99座国家历史文化名城河南有七座，几千年历史的尘埃积淀成了我们脚下厚实的黄土地，里面埋藏着秦砖汉瓦和唐诗宋词。地下一块不起眼的小瓷片没准是哪位皇上的御用品呢！河南的发展史就是中国历史的一个缩影。中华民族灿烂的文明兴起于中原并且从这里四散开来。河南的古老让人肃然起敬。（代表景点：商城遗址、河南博物院）
河是指黄河。中国人习惯的把黄河比做是母亲，她用甘甜的乳汁哺育了中华民族。她的浩浩荡荡、一往无前的性格也是中华民族精神的一种象征和寄托。黄河全长5464公里，流经中国九个省区，九省中她惟独钟情于河南，给这里的人民留下了许多美好和不美好的回忆。许多统治者选择位于中原、濒临黄河的开封或洛阳作为自己的都城，给这里留下了丰富的历史文化遗迹。由于黄河携带大量的泥沙使得河床抬高，在历史上黄河有“三年两决口，百年一改道”之说，豫东一带常年受黄河水灾之苦，人民生活流离失所。河水过后的地面上一无所有，黄沙湮灭了曾经的繁荣，历史上诞生了“黄泛区”这个名词。如今的黄河经过治理柔和了许多。在三门峡你可以看到“高峡出平湖”的壮景，在郑州可以领略她“滚滚东逝水”的雄姿，到了开封又可欣赏到“地上悬河”的奇景，曾经的“黄泛区”商丘也大做黄河故道的文章发展生态旅游。黄河犹如一条玉带，把中原几千年散落的历史串了起来，结成一条光彩熠熠的项链。（代表景点：郑州黄河游览区，开封铁塔）
中原有两拳：少林拳和太极拳。它们不但在国内打出了声势，而且打到了国外。少林拳得名于少林寺，“天下武功出少林，少林武功拳为先”。少林寺之所以蜚声海内外，在于少林功夫的博大精深。游客到少林寺不是冲着精美的寺庙建筑和虔诚念经的和尚，吸引他们的是少林功夫。现在很多的外国人也来到少林门下拜师学艺，他们不但学到了少林功夫和少林文化，同时也宣传了河南，吸引他们的同胞来河南观光旅游。相比之下，太极拳则注重“内销”。这种发源于焦作陈家沟的拳种已经在全国普及开来。在全国随便哪一个城市，早上公园里你一定会看到太极拳爱好者的那柔美的身姿。现在陈家沟建了太极拳纪念馆，越来越多的太极爱好者纷至沓来。世界首届传统武术节的举办使河南大赚一笔，名利双收。河南双拳出击，取得了良好的效果。（代表景点：少林寺，陈家沟））
有位作家说过一句让人听起来有些嚣张的话：河南人是中国人的娘。其实这话不无道理。中国人以炎黄子孙自称，炎帝和黄帝就生活在黄河流域的中原地区，其后代一脉繁衍，产生出许多姓氏。按人口多少排出的中国100个大姓中，有73个发源于河南，其中前五大姓氏（李王张刘陈）中李、张、陈均出自河南，王姓和刘姓最早的一支也在河南产生。每年有许多海内外人士来河南寻根拜祖。看到满头华发的华侨不远万里来到自己家族的祠堂，对着祖宗的神位三叩九拜、泣不成声，那虔诚的神态着实让人感到“根”在中国人心中的分量。（代表景点：新郑轩辕故里）
“洛阳地脉花最宜，牡丹尤为天下奇”“采菊东篱下，悠然见南山”。两句诗吟颂了河南两大名花---牡丹和菊花。牡丹雍容华贵，国色天香，历来为人们所称颂。虽然牡丹遍及全国，但是提到她，人们首先还是会想到洛阳。传说武则天一日兴起，让百花在寒冬腊月开放，百花畏惧她的权势，次日纷纷破例开放，惟独牡丹拒不开花，武则天一怒之下把牡丹从京城贬到洛阳。牡丹到洛阳后昂首怒放，香溢八方，故牡丹又被称为“洛阳花”。洛阳气候温和，土壤适宜，适合栽培牡丹。每年4月15日举行的牡丹花会吸引许多爱美之人来一睹她的风姿。开封菊花的历史也很悠久，在1000多年前的北宋就驰名全国。菊花姿色优美，色彩艳丽，不但有很强的观赏性，也有很强的民族性。尤其当万木萧疏、群芳凋谢的时候，惟独她临霜不惧，傲首独放，显示出其刚毅的性格。因此人们把她和梅、兰、竹并称为“四君子”。每到10月18日菊花会期间，漫步在古城开封的大街小巷，你仿佛臵身于花的海洋，红的、黄的、白的菊花点缀了古城，也点缀了人们的心情。两地以花为媒广招宾客。难怪两地百姓脸上的笑靥如鲜花般灿烂。（代表景点：牡丹花会、菊花会）
当前全国上下掀起了一场“踏寻革命遗迹、缅怀革命先烈”的红色旅游活动的高潮。河南，这片承载着创建共和国历史的红土地，在缔造新中国波澜壮阔的历史画卷中，曾写下了浓墨重彩的一笔。在河南，追寻先辈足迹、踏访革命圣地的“红色旅游”内容极为丰富，其中有革命老区、红色根据地、伟人故居、著名战争遗址、革命事件故址、革命烈士陵园和有时代特征的建设项目与单位等。前一段时间“红旗渠精神展”在全国各大城市巡回展出，所到之处引起极大轰动，人们争相前去参观、学习，无不惊叹于林县人民在艰苦环境中的那种不怕牺牲、勇往直前的坚定信念和英雄气概。坐落在省会郑州市中心的二七纪念塔已不仅仅是一座建筑，更重要的是一种不屈不挠精神的象征。“人民的好书记”焦裕禄长眠于兰考的黄河岸边，守望着这块他曾为之奋斗过的土地。这些红色旅游景点更激起人们的爱国热情，让我们增加了信心，激励我们为了幸福的明天而更加努力拼搏。（代表景点：红旗渠、南街村）
河南不仅有着悠远的人文旅游资源，还有着风光秀美、景色宜人的自然旅游资源。温暖的气候、丰沛的降水给各种植物的生长提供了良好的条件，为河南发展绿色生态旅游奠定了基础。河南森林公园、自然保护区的数量居全国前列，首批世界地质公园河南占了两家。在发展绿色旅游方面河南走在了全国的前面，并且创造了“焦作现象”“栾川模式”这些在旅游规划、开发、营销方面的奇迹，倍受业内人士推崇。游客在苍山绿树间看飞虹直下，听溪水淙淙，他们就是点缀在河南绿色景区中的一朵朵“红花”。 （代表景点：云台山、重渡沟、鸡公山）
历史上曾有“逐鹿中原”的说法，如今许多人开始逐“游”中原。他们要在苍老的历史古迹面前与前人进行一次心灵的对话，要在生机盎然的大自然中得到一次心境的升华。大批的包机、专列、车队已经并且还在继续驶进河南，淳朴好客的河南人真诚欢迎四海宾朋的到来！
少林寺，位于登封县城西北13公里少室山北麓五乳峰下。若从郑州、开封、洛阳乘汽车，可直达寺院门前。少林寺创建于北魏太和二十年(496年)，因此寺建于少室山麓的丛林茂密之处，故名“少林”。正如《说嵩》中所说：“少林者，少室之林”。少林寺是我国佛教禅宗的发样地，所以又称《少林禅寺》和《大少林》.据文献记载，北魏太和十九年(495年)印度高僧跋陀自西域跋涉来洛阳，他0幽栖，常到嵩山，又受孝文帝尊崇，“诏于少室山阴，筑少林寺而居之”。北魏正光至孝昌年间，另一印度僧人达摩来中国，修禅于嵩山少林寺。他广集弟子，传授禅宗，使少林寺的影响日益扩大，传说达摩曾在山中面壁九年，因此留影于石。
少林寺原有建筑较多，分布较广。现在少林寺包罗的范围除主体建筑常住院外，还有离寺西不远的塔林，寺西北阜地上的初祖庵，少溪河南岸的南园，钵盂峰下的二祖庵，寺东太室山麓的三祖庵，以及分散在寺周围的古塔、碑刻等。
常住院是少林寺的主体建筑，位于少溪河北岸，院内现存有山门、客堂、达摩亭、自衣殿、千佛殿(毗卢阁)和地藏殿等，常住院自山门至最后大殿南北长300余米，现有面积约4万平方米，分前后六所院落。
山门是少林寺最前面的建筑，创修于清雍正十三年(1735年)，额悬“少林寺”黑漆方匾，为清康熙皇帝御书。据《少林寺志》载：此匾原悬于大王殿正门上方，大王殿焚毁后，移于此处，入少林寺山门，是一条宽阔的慢斜坡形雨道，两旁有许多重要的碑刻，有武则天撰文的《大唐天后御制诗书碑》，还有日本僧人邵元所撰的息庵禅师道行之碑，碑文反映了邵元和息庵禅师之间的深厚情谊和古代中日人民的友好关系。郭沫若为此曾题诗说：“息庵碑是邵元文，求法来唐不让仁。愿作典型千万代，相师相学倍相亲”。寺内还有《唐秦王告少林寺主教碑》、《唐嵩岳少林寺碑》、《宋苏东坡观音赞》等。另外还有许多著名书法家如米芾、赵孟頫、董其昌、蔡京等人书写的碑刻。这些碑刻不仅是重要的史料，而且都有很高的书法价值。
The Red Stone Canyon, which is a rare canyon sight in north China withwaterfalls, lakes, pools and gullies, is highly acclaimed by gardening expertsas a “natural gallery for mountain and river collections” because of its grandand exclusive landscapes. The most splendid waterfall in the canyon is theBailong Waterfall, divided into three falls, measuring 30 meters in height. Itlooks as shiny as a huge silver dragon. A good place for waterfall watching isthe Heilong (Black Dragon) Cave, which is as long as 30 meters with absolutedarkness inside. Standing in the cave, you can not only see the marvelous fallsdashing down into the deep pools but also the perilous high stiffs, narrowlyseparated from each other by fast-flowing gullies so that the sky is scarcelyvisible. The spring water flowing down the cliffs splashes into water drops thatdazzle in the sunlight like colorful diamonds, looking like a unique picturehanging on the wall. Yuntai Mountain is famous for its grotesque hill, whichextends as far as eyes can see. The main peak, Cornel Peak, is 1308m above thesea level.It is said to be famous for a poem by a famous poet in the TangDynasty called Wang Wei, who worked out a popular poem when he climbed up themountain. The poem Thinking of My Brothers in Mountain Climbing Day fullyconveys his emotion of missing friends. Mounting to the mountain top and lookingfar into the distance, you can see the Yellow River winding like a silver belt.Having a bird view of the foot of the mountain, you can see chains of peaks likesea waves. The weather on the top is often unpredictable. All at once cloudsgather and wind blows,
with mist rising among the mountains. The mountains looming in the mist andclouds look so vague that you feel as if you were in a fairy world. Also, It hadbeen the secluded place of seven Bamboo Forest Sages of the Wei and the JinPeriod. Medicine King, Sun Simiao, once collected Chinese medicine here. Manyhistorical stories are spreading in the area related to some fames once visitedhere. Yuntai Mountain is famous for its numerous rivers, lakes, pools andsprings. Here we can see the highest waterfall in the country---- YuntaiSkyscraper Waterfall, which is 314 meters high like a huge pillar, reminds us ofa famous peom of Libai“ The waters puring down from thousands above of themountain, like the silver river dropping down from top of the heaven”. It looksespecially magnificent, forming a unique spectacle along with other waterfalls,such as the Tianmen Waterfall, Bailong Waterfall, Huanglong Waterfall andY-shaped Waterfall, dashing abruptly downward. Well,next spot for us is theQinglong Canyon here, renowned as “First Canyon in Central China”, attracts manypeople for ecological touring for its mild climate, rich water resources andvarious vegetations.
The Garden of Market in Qingming Festival Now we’re leading our way to thecity of Kaifeng. Kaifengis one of the 8 major ancient capitals of China. Thecity of Kaifeng was already in existence before 700 B.C. During the period ofWarring States more than 2,000 years ago, King Hui of the State of Wei moved hiscapital to Kaifeng, rebuilt the city and called it Daliang. Since then, Kaifengwas the capital of several dynasties. As an ancient capital, Kaifeng has a lotof historical relics and scenic spots. Some of them have been preserved, such asthe iron Pagoda, Po Pagoda, Xiangguo Monastery, Dragon Pavilion. They areprecious heritages of the Chinese culture. The famous painting Qingming Scrollis believed by some to portray daily life in Kaifeng. The painting, of whichseveral versions are extant, is attributed to the Song Dynasty artist ZhangZeduan. Have you ever dreamed of going back to Northern Song Dynasty in Chinaand enjoy the prosperity and culture of those years? If so, come to the Gardenof Market in Qingming Festivallocated in the old city of Kaifeng in HenanProvince. Find yourself in the spectacular scenery there and you are sure torealize that dream. The Garden of Market in Qingming Festival located on thewestern bank of Longting Lake is a grand cultural garden. It covers an area of600 mu, and the construction area is more than 30,000 square meters .The builtarea consists of several architectural complexes which are re-creations based onthe famous twelfth century painting by Zhang Zeduan of 'The Qingming Festival bythe Riverside'.
When you enter the Garden of Market in Qingming Festival, a statue which is16 meters tall comes into view. This figure is none other than the artist ZhangZeduan, who holds his famous drawing of 'The Qingming Festival by theRiverside'. This picture is a painted scroll which is 525 cm in length and 25.5cm in width depicting life along Bian River during the Qingming Festival. Thescenes in this painting are highly detailed and the spectacle is magnificent.There are large numbers of people and buildings. The people are shown in avariety of contemporary clothes that indicate their social standing andoccupations. The lively throng includes many animals and it is not difficult toimagine the sounds in the street scenes where the people are crowded and noisy.We can almost hear someone’s bargaining with a shop owner while others arecheering entertainers. The picture is like a live symphony of life during theSong Dynasty.
Now we can find these scenic spots such as City Gate Tower, Rainbow Bridge,distinctive shops and others which are re-created in the Park according to thescenes in the painting. The Garden of Market in Qingming Festival not onlyreappears the vast vigor of the Millennium Picture, but also makes the historyliving by flexible creative idea, makes tourists the sense of backward flowingtime by entering the park, just like passing through the space tunnel. Anotherscenic spot called Rainbow Bridge is a well-known feature in the Park. It is areplica of one of the ten ancient timber bridges. The bridge is 5 meters high.The first bridge was built in 1050, and reconstructed in 1998. Four 9 metershigh columns, two at either end of the bridge, replicate the poles that wereweather vanes at the time of the Song Dynasty. A white crane sits on a disk atthe top of each column and they turn to face into the wind, indicating itsdirection. As a scenic spot for folk-custom tours, Chinese authorities have donea lot to preserve folk handcrafts and folk customs. You can see the process ofmaking handicrafts, such as Bian embroidery, paintings for new years, enamelwares, tea ceremony, spinning and weaving, figures made from flour and sugar andfolk-custom performances, such as acrobatics, folk arts and performances ofbirds, fighting cocks and dogs. Here, you are not only a visitor, but an actor.For example, you can act as Mr. Right in the competition for marrying Mr. Wang’sbeautiful daughter and have the opportunity to enjoy the traditional weddingfestivities. And you can be the No.1 Scholar in the imperial examination tobring honor to your ancestors. There is a large amusement hall built in the Songstyle, where many amusement activities are held, including swings, balance beamsand many other amusements. As an ecological scenic spot, this garden was builtand forested according to the Market Day During the QingMing Festival. The wholegarden combines natural beauty with historical flavor, thus forming a favorableplace to have a true rest and evoke your full energy both physically andspiritually.
Yin Ruins Yin Ruins is at Xiaotun Village of Anyang City. In ancient times,Xiaotun was called Yin and it was the capital of the Shang Dynasty. So theperiod was also called Yin Shang. After the Yin had been overthrown, the citydeclined and the remains of it was later called the Yin Ruins. Since thefounding of new China, the Yin Ruins had been listed as the first group ofcultural relics under national protection. In order to preserve its culture, thegovernment built “Garden of the Yin Ruins” on the site. Today the garden isdivided into several sections with ancient objects on display. Because of itsgreat value in not only the historical relics of Chinese culture but also thehuman civilization of the whole world, Yin Xu topped the 100 GreatestArcheological Discoveries of China in the last century and it was listed in theWorld Cultural and Natural Heritage List of United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Yin Xu is revealing its beauty tothe world.
OK, everybody. Soon we’ll get to the Museum on Yin Ruins, the best museumfor the study of the Yin Shang Culture. The Yin Ruins is famous for threethings,i.e.the oracle inscriptions, the bronze wares and the ancient capital ofthe Shang Dynasty. As you know, China is one of the earliest countries todiscover characters. As early as 4,000 years ago, people used bones or tortoiseshells to record events of their social life. It is the earliest written form oflanguage in the world. Today we call them the oracle bone inscriptions, whichwere first discovered in the Yin Ruins. Well,let’s come to the main hall wherethe oracle inscriptions are exhibited. The oracle bone inscriptions were firstdiscovered during the years of Emperor GuangXu, in the Qing Dynasty. In 1899, inXiao Tun Village of Anyang City, Henan Province, villagers found many tortoiseshells and bones carved with letters and symbols, which unveiled to the worldfrom Yin Xu, an ancient city with a long history and splendid culture.Then morethan 16,000 pieces of bones and shells were found. But in the Shang Dynasty,they were used as divinations, when people were very superstitious. Theinscriptions cover a wide range of fields, such as sacrifice, wars, stateaffairs, weather, hunting, etc. Today, they provide important information forthe study of the Shang Dynasty. And the study of the oracle bone inscriptionshas become a new subject and is getting more popular among people. Since
then this place has become of great interest to worldwide archeologists,because those inscriptions have proved to be the earliest written characters ofhuman beings, the Oracles. Apart from the oracle bone inscriptions, bronze waresare another important part of the cultural relics discovered from the Ruins,which show that the technology of bronze casting reached its peak in the ShangDynasty. The bronze wares include vessels, weapons,chariots and so on. Among allthe unearthed wares, SimuwuQuadripod unearthed in the mausoleum area of the YinRuins, the largest and the most famous bronze sacrificial vessel in the world,is 875 kg in weight, 133 cm in height. Standing on the open plaza in front ofthe great hall is an enlarged copy of the original one for the convenience oftouring and appreciation, with the original one cherished in the Museum ofChinese History. With its unusual air of majesty, together with its elegance inappearance and intricately carved in patterns, it is considered a treasure inthe bronze culture of China as well as a glorious pearl shining on the peak ofthe world art. To cast such a significant vessel carrying such a great weight,advanced techniques and experiences in organization of laborers are necessary.As many scholars have pointed out, this huge bronze quadripod reflects theadvanced slavery system of the Shang Dynasty and the unusual power of creationof the people. Finally we come to the side of the imperial palaces and tombs.Lying on the southwest of the Foundation Ruins C, Fuhao Tomb is one of the mostimportant archeology discoveries in the temple. It is also the only discoveredand well-reserved tomb of Shang royal members since the science excavation ofYin Ruins. Now, let’s know something about the first woman general in Chinesehistory.FuHao was Emperor Wu Ding’s wife,both intelligent and courageous. Shehad bravely led the Yin army fighting in many wars and made great contributionsto the protecting of the country. After her death, Wu Ding built a large tombnear the palace to honor her merits. Buried together with her were many slavesand war prisoners as well assacrificial objects. The large numbers ofsacrificial objects are valuable cultural relics in the treasure house ofChinese art.
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