职称英语理工类A级-13 (总分100,考试时间90分钟)
第1部分：词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。 1. Fortunately, when my car broke down in the country, I had my mobile with me. A. Accidentally B. Fatally C. Luckily D. By chance 2. Her peers were her worst critics. A. students B. equals C. teachers D. subordinates
3. John' s parents brought him up to be very thrifty. A. miserly B. careful with money C. mean to people D. profitable
4. I thought the rule not allowing women to compete **pletely absurd. A. ridiculous B. annoying C. mean D. splendid
5. One of the Nobel Economics Prize winner once said: \"Every leisure act has an economic payoff for someone.\" A. reward B. loss C. claim D. disadvantage
6. I' m speaking on behalf of my friend John. A. in place of B. in front of C. directly about D. with regard to
7. The thief ran away with two overcoats and a jacket. A. broke away B. broke out C. made off D. made out
8. \"It's been a privilege to meet you, sir,\" the young man said to the artist as he was leaving. A. a pleasure B. an ambition C. an honour D. a sad occasion
9. The young man is too bashful to speak to strangers. A. shy B. haughty C. indifferent D. upset
10. After what I have heard, I have no inclination to go to her home. A. influence B. wish C. tendency D. need
11. There is certainly some truth to that charge, and our recent financial policies haven' t
helped.
A. physical B. fiscal C. economical D. capital
12. Although the men' s movement and the anxiety it expresses are city-based, the dispute is widespread. A. contest B. deliberation C. disturbance D. debate
13. Hersheypark began integrating recycling into its public information programs more than five years ago. A. including B. incorporating C. indicating D. indulging
14. My best friend disgraced his athletics team by cheating. A. didn't respect B. lost the honour C. brought shame on D. didn't praise 15. To my mind his integrity is above suspicion. A. modesty B. intelligence C. uprightness D. capability
第2部分：阅读判断
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请选择C。
Pubic response to technology often varies in peculiar ways. While biotechnology, for example, gives rise to organized opposition, information technology, which is actually no less invasive(侵害者), no more harmless, is welcomed or, at the least, accepted **paratively little debate.
Information technologies—**puters to communications—have obviously had an overwhelming social impact and their benefits hardly need explanations. But they have also disturbed privacy and threatened civil liberties. Computerized data banks empower bureaucratic authorities by providing easy access to personal information—about credit ratings, social performance, housing and medical histories. They will allow access to genetic figures, providing information about our tendencies to employers, insurers, product advertisers, banks and other institutions that exercise control over our lives. Computerization allows the severe extension of advertising through telemarketing requests that shamelessly intrude our home life. Information technologies have displaced people from jobs and turned potentially skilled workers into low-**puter technicians, computers have facilitated the work of scholars, but also turned them into typists; yet one hears hardly a complaint. They have turned the simple act of buying a plane ticket into an endless manipulation(控制), but we welcome the so-called convenience. They have encouraged new forms of crime and fraud(欺诈), but we describe them with grudging admiration. They have allowed new types of evil weaponry, but we call them \"smart bombs\". Perhaps the most important, information technologies have extended the power of the mass media, creating unusual possibilities for political manipulation, reducing accountability(有责任，有义务), and changing
the nature of political life. It is true that there are critiques(批评) of information technologies from those professionally concerned about their problematic legal, social and political implications. There is a near total absence, however, of organized public concern about technologies with profound and problematic implications.
16. According to the author, information technology has nothing positive to say. A. A. Right
B. B. Wrong
C. C. Not mentioned
17. Information technology has not given rise to organized opposition. A. A. Right
B. B. Wrong
C. C. Not mentioned
18. The benefits brought by information technology is quite evident. A. A. Right
B. B. Wrong
C. C. Not mentioned
19. By the term \"computerization\" the author means **puter plays an important role in our economic life.
A. A. Right
B. B. Wrong
C. C. Not mentioned
20. What worries the author most is that our privacy will be threatened by businessman. A. A. Right
B. B. Wrong
C. C. Not mentioned
21. Those who criticized information technologies are those who benefit least from information technologies.
A. A. Right
B. B. Wrong
C. C. Not mentioned
22. The author argues that biotechnology plays an important role in our everyday life. A. A. Right
B. B. Wrong
C. C. Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。
Before you can use a fax modem, you must specify it as active. Also, only one fax modem can be used at a time. If you have more than one available, you need to specify which one you want to be active. Make sure that Mail is closed and the Outbox is empty before you specify the active modem.
2. If you plan to use a fax modem located on **puter on your network, you need to specify the name of **puter and the name of the shared directory. You may also need to supply a password for the shared directory. Your workgroup administrator or the person whose fax .modem it is can give you this information.
3. When you share a fax modem, anyone using the network can connect to it to send faxes. Because of this, you might receive faxes for Other people in addition to faxes intended for you. You need to forward faxes intended for others.
4. You can send a fax from Mail or from an application. When you send a fax from Mail, your fax can include other documents that you attach. When you send a fax from an application, the current document becomes the fax message. You can send the same message to both' Mail and PC Fax recipients at the same time by using a combination of mail and fax addresses. If you send many faxes to the same recipients, you can avoid having to type the fax number each time by adding fax numbers to your Personal Address Book in Mail.
5. You can use the Personal Address Book in Mail to **monly used fax numbers in addition to commonly used mail addresses. You do not need to include the recipient's name when you type a fax address. However, if you have selected the option in Mail to add recipients automatically to the Personal Address Book, and you use a name in the fax address, the address is added by name rather than by fax number.
6. You can receive a fax directly via a fax modem on **puter, or another person who has a fax modem on **puter can use Mail to forward a fax to you. In either case, incoming faxes appear exactly like incoming mail messages in your Mail Inbox. You can view a fax on your screen, print
it, save it on your hard disk, reply to it, or forward it. 23. Paragraph 3 ______ 24. Paragraph 4 ______ 25. Paragraph 5 ______ 26. Paragraph 6 ______
27. You can use **puter equipped with a fax modem to ______ 28. You can not use more than one fax modem ______
29. When you share a fax modem, you might receive faxes for other people ______ 30. When you receive a fax, you can ______A. save it on your hard disk
第4部分：阅读理解
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 第一篇
Many features similar to those aeronautical innovations developed by man can be observed amongst birds, insects and plants. At times, observations of these natural phenomena have inspired man to imitate nature and modify existing designs. At other times, the natural example has only been recognized well after great amounts of time and valuable materials have been devoted to refining a similar human invention.
Birds deserve credit not merely for demonstrating flight was possible, but for providing templates for the shape of aircraft wings. The wings of birds suggested the pattern for leadingedge wing slots that improve ascent at slow speeds and for conical cambered wingtips that increase lift and stability. Other characteristics of bird wings, such as a trailing edge flap to aid in smooth landings, were not recognized as important until they had been designed independently by aeronautical engineers. Considerable research effort in aeronautics could probably have been saved by more thorough analysis of bird flight.
The insect world has also contributed significant ideas in the realms of navigation and guidance. In order to aid airline navigation during take-offs and landings under adverse weather conditions, engineers developed a system for locating the sun when it was hidden by clouds through observing polarized light—light which travels in a single direction. The research was instigated(鼓励,激发)after studies of honey bees demonstrated that they used this mechanism to determine their location when the sky was darkened. In another credit to the insect world, the evasive guidance systems of certain missiles use angular acceleration detectors modeled after the multi-lensed eyes of houseflies which amplify subtle movements by splitting images into a mosaic(马赛克)resembling a large display of televisions tuned to the same channel.
Even entities which never take flight themselves are responsible for guiding the hand of aeronautical engineers. The winged seed of a palm tree was the model for an early glider, and the single-winged, autorotating maple seed was the prototype for a means of air-dropping cargo by parachute.
31. The author argues that money for aeronautical research money could be invested more efficiently if______.
A. more advanced products were used in airplanes B. more research was devoted to studying bird flight
C. greater efforts were directed towards shape designs of aircraft wings D. greater emphasis was put on guidance systems
32. The word \"templates\" (Para 2) is closest in meaning to ______. A. patterns B. outlooks C. fakes D. imitations
33. What aspect of airplane flight was inspired by bee observations? A. Landing manner. B. Low speed take-off
C. Poor-weather guidance system. D. Evasive guidance systems.
34. Research related to missile guidance systems implies that ______. A. houseflies are multi-eyed
B. houseflies are more intelligent than is generally realized C. houseflies have sophisticated movement detectors
D. houseflies can locate the sun whether in the day or at night 35. What does the word \"prototype\" (Para 4) mean? A. model B. stereotype C. example D. figure 第二篇
Most of the pioneers of low-temperature physics expected gases to liquefy, but none of them predicted superconductivity. This phenomenon was discovered in 1911 by Onnes while he was studying frozen mercury.
More than 40 years passed before physicists were able to offer an explanation for superconductivity. The accepted theory, developed in the 1950s, holds that the fundamental behavior of electrons changes at very low temperatures because of the effects of quantum mechanics. Electrons are tiny particles that make up the outer part of an atom, circling rapidly around the nucleus of the atom. In a regular conductor—a metal that conducts an electric current—the outermost electrons are not bound tightly to the atoms, and so they move around relatively freely. The flow of these electrons is an electric current.
At normal temperatures, a conductor's electrons cannot **pletely freely through the metal because they are \"bumped around\" by the metal's atoms. But according to the leading theory of superconductivity, when a metal is very cold, electrons form pairs. Then, like couples maneuvering on a crowded dance floor but never colliding, the paired electrons are able to move unimpeded through the metal. In pairing up, it seems, the electrons are able to \"blend together\" and move in unison without resistance.
This explanation seems to account for superconductivity at extremely low temperatures, but in 1986 scientists in Switzerland found that some metal-containing ceramics are superconductors at much higher temperatures. By 1992, scientists had developed ceramics that become superconducting at - 297'F, and some researchers speculated that room-temperature superconductors may be possible. Scientists are still trying to formulate a theory for high-temperature superconductivity.
The new ceramic materials can be maintained at their superconducting temperatures, with
relatively inexpensive liquid nitrogen rather than the much colder and much more costly liquid helium required by metal superconductors. The cost difference could make superconductivity practical for many new technologies. For example, magnetically levitated trains, which require superconducting electromagnets, would be much cheaper to build than they are now. Superconducting devices might also be used for advanced power transmission lines and in new types of compact, **puters. But for the time being, superconductivity is finding application mostly in scientific research and in some kinds of medical imaging devices.
36. The flow of an electric current in a regular conductor is made possible by the fact that______. A. electrons circle rapidly around the atom
B. the outermost electron move relatively freely around the atom C. the innermost electrons stick to the atom
D. the outermost electrons are bound tightly to the inner ones
37. At very low temperatures, superconductivity in a metal occurs where______. A. electrons do not move freely through the metal B. electrons are crowded together
C. paired electrons move uninterruptedly D. paired electron dance together to and fro
38. The word \"bump\" in Paragraph 3 may mean _______. A. to make something run fast B. to cause to revolve C. to move smoothly D. to collide
39. The breakthrough made in superconductivity in 1992 is remarkable because ______. A. metal-containing ceramics turned out to be superconductors B. higher-temperature superconductivity was made possible C. ceramics were found to be superconductors
D. room-temperature superconductors were developed
40. The best advantage of new ceramic materials over metal superconductors is ______. A. their inexpensive cost B. their more practical uses
C. their better quality in conductivity D. their nature for multi-application 第三篇
Volcanic fire and glacial ice are natural enemies. Eruptions at glaciated volcanoes typically destroy ice fields, as they did in 1980 when 70 percent of Mount Saint Helens ice cover was de molished. During long dormant intervals, glaciers gain the upper hand cutting deeply into volcanic cones and eventually reducing them to rubble. Only rarely do **peting forces of heat and cold operate in perfect balance to create phenomenon such as the steam caves at Mount Rainier Park. Located inside Rainier's two ice-filled summit craters, these caves form a labyrinth of tunnels and vaulted chambers about one and one-half miles in total length. Their creation depends on an **bination of factors that nature almost never brings together in one place. The cave-making recipe calls for a steady emission of volcanic gas and heat, a heavy annual snowfall at an elevation high enough to keep it from melting during the summer, and a bowl-shaped crater to hold the
snow.
Snow accumulating yearly in Rainier's summit craters is compacted **pressed into a dense form of ice called firn, a substance midway between ordinary ice and the denser crystalline ice that makes up glaciers. Heat rising from numerous openings (called fumaroles) along the inner crater walls melts out chambers between the rocky walls and the overlying ice pack. Circulating currents of warm air then melt additional opening in the firn ice, eventually connecting the individual chambers and, in the larger of Rainier's two craters, forming a continuous passageway that extends two-thirds of the way around the crater' s interior.
To maintain the cave system, the elements of fire under ice must remain in equilibrium, Enough snow must fill the crater each year to replace that melted from below. If too much volcanic heat is discharged, the crater' s ice pack will melt away entirely and the caves will vanish along with the snows of yesteryear. If too little heat is produced, the ice replenished annually by winter snowstorms will expand, pushing against the enclosing crater wails and smothering the present caverns in solid firn ice.
41. With what topic is the passage primarily concerned? A. The importance of snowfall for Mount Rainier. B. The steam caves of Mount Rainier. C. How ice covers are destroyed.
D. The eruption of Mount Saint Helens in 1980.
42. The word \"they\" (Para. 1, Line 2) refers to ______. A. fields B. intervals C. eruptions D. enemies
43. The word \"labyrinth\" in Paragraph 2; Sentence 1 is closest in meaning to A. maze B. series C. group D. system
44. The second paragraph mentions all of the following as necessary elements in the creation of steam caves EXCEPT ______. A. a glacier B. a crater C. heat D. snow
45. According to the passage, heat from Mount Rainier's summit, craters rises from ______. A. crystalline ice B. rims C. chambers D. fumaroles
第5部分：补全短文
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
There are about 350 species of sharks. The largest sharks are the whale shark and the basking shark, which feed on plankton and small fish. The adult whale shark grows to about 13 meters long, while the basking shark extends a little over 8 meters. (46) On the other hand, there are a number of them which have attacked and killed swimmers. These sharks include the great hammerhead, blue, whitetip, and, of course, the great white shark.
(47) The great white grows to between 5 and 8 meters long and can weigh more than 1300 kilograms. It can swim through the eater at speeds reaching 32 kilometers per hour. However, one of the fastest swimmers in the shark family is the blue shark, which can swim at a speed of nearly 752 kilometers per hour.
(48) They can grow as long as 5 centimeters, and they are very sharp. Unlike humans, who have two sets of teeth in their life time, some sharks can have as many as 5 or 6 sets. It is rare for a shark to have fewer than 4 sets. It is rare for a shark to have fewer than 4 sets. As the shark's teeth are worn out, they fall out and are replaced by the next row.
(49) In a lifetime some sharks can grow and lose between 10,000 and 30,000 teeth.
Sea biologists have discovered that the shark has a remarkably large brain and a well-developed sensory system. The animal has an extraordinary sense of smell and excellent vision.
(50) Special sensory pits on the shark's nose and chin can detect weak electrical fields in the water that are produced by fish and other animals. Scientists have concluded that sharks associate food with electrical fields. Scientists also believe that sharks create their own electrical fields to aim them in knowing where to go in the sea.
A. Must of the species are not particularly cruel.
B. Sharks have lived on earth for more than 180 million years.
C. The great white is the largest and cruelest of all animals known to attack humans. D. Some sharks can wear out a full set of teeth in less than 6 months. E. One of the most unusual aspects of the shark is its teeth. F. But sharks are also sensitive to electrical fields. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50.
第6部分：完形填空
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。
Energy equals mass times the speed of light squared. This is the famous equation of Albert Einstein. It (51) to the category of the theory of relativity, and it equates energy with mass.
All things are made up of atoms. When (52) of an atom travels at almost the speed of light (53) we put more energy into it to increase the speed, it begins to in crease in mass. The energy that makes it travel fast cannot make it travel (54) the speed of light—nothing (55) light can travel that fast- so the energy goes into the thing (56) and increases its mass. Energy (57) into mass.
Why is the theory called the theory of relativity? A thing that is relative depends upon (58) else to identify it or to define it. In relativity theory we identify or define mass, time, and length (59) to the speed of light.
When something is at rest, it looks (60) in length. However, when it travels at almost the
speed of light, it becomes (61) . Time also changes. However, the change in time is (62) to the change in length. The length of a thing becomes short (63) time becomes long.
If you want to (64) young, relative to a friend, take a trip in a spaceship that travels at (65) the speed of light. And, although time and heartbeat seem ordinary to you in the spaceship, when you return, look at your friend; Relative to you, he or she is old. 51.
A. prefers B. relates C. belongs D. adheres 52.
A. part B. form C. portion D. fraction 53.
A. but B. thus C. and D. so 54.
A. within B. beyond C. over D. at 55.
A. that B. which C. but D. thus 56.
A. else B. itself C. merely D. themselves 57.
A. changes B. becomes C. shifts D. turns 58.
A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing 59.
A. related B. relation C. relative D. relationship 60.
A. usual B. common C. ordinary D. universal 61.
A. low B. short C. wide D. long 62.
A. equal B. similar C. opposite D. subject 63.
A. then B. but
C. so D. and 64.
A. keep B. stay C. remain D. reserve 65.
A. nearly B. relatively C. approximately D. almost
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