高考英语阅读理解----推理判断

高考英语阅读理解：5种判断推理题详尽解法

【命题特点】

这类题属于主观题，是层次较高的设题。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。

【常见考法】

推理题经常使用的提问方式有：

It can be inferred/ concluded that___________.

Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage

In which of the following publication would this passage most likely be printed?

The passage implies, but doesn't directly state that___________.

The writer suggests that___________.

What's the author's attitude toward___________?

The writer probably feels that___________.

The author uses the examples of... to show that___________.

判定推理是一种创造性的思维活动，但它并非无章可循。

推理判定题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。①要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础;②要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表入里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从非凡到一般，通过分析、综合、判定等，进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理。不能就是论事，断章取义，以偏概全。③要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知。立足现在，猜测未来。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点;④要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。

一、细节推断题

要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判定。

【例题】

A visitor visits an island where two tribes live. One tribe always tells the truth and the other always lies. The truth tellers live on the western side of the

island, and those who lie live on the eastern side. The visitor wants to determine whether the native beside him is a truth

teller or not by asking

only one question. He asks the native,“Go and ask the native in the distance which side of the island he lives on.” When the messenger returns, he says, \"He said he lives on the western side of the island.\"

Is the messenger a truth teller or not? How can the visitor be sure?

1. According to the messenger's answer, the visitor can conclude that_______________

A. The messenger lives on the western side of the island because he tells the truth.

B. the messenger lives on the eastern side of the island because his answer may be a lie.

C. it's hard to determine whether the messenger is a truth teller or not.

D. the messenger probably lives in the western side of the island because his answer may be true.

解析: 第1题是推测有关信使(近处的当地人)的情况的。我们知道，讲真话的部落住在岛的西部，撒谎的部落住在岛的东部。这个信使去问远方的当地人住在岛的哪一边(东部还是西部)。远方的当地人只能有两种情况，要么住在岛的西部，要么住在岛的东部。假如

他住在岛的西部，他就是一个讲真话的人，他就会如实回答他住在西部。假如他住在岛的东部，他就是一个撒谎的人。他本来住在东部，但在回答时，必须要说谎，他只能回答他住在西部。所以远方的当地人不管是住在东部还是西部，他的回答只有一个：“我住在西部”。假如信使告诉参观者远方的当地人住在西部，信使无疑是说了真话，那么信使一定是住在岛的西部。反之，假如信使告诉参观者远方的当地人住在东部，那么信使就说了假话，信使肯定住在东部。故此题答案是A。

二、因果推断题

要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。考生要正确把握文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。

When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day, I was very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signedme to come near. When I walked over, she asked,“Are you single?\" “Why, yes.\" I answered, smiling at her happily.

“So is my mother.\" she said, “Would you like to meet her?\"

1. The writer talked about the waitress' age because he thought___________.

A. she was young B. it a pleasure to make friends with her

C. she was beautiful D. it strange for her to fall in love withhim

2. The waitress said hello to the writer every day because___________.

A. she lived near his house B. he often went to visit her mother

C. she wanted to be friendly with him D. she loved him very much

三、人物性格、态度及观点判定题

高考阅读测试中有些是考查考生对作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作者或文中人物态度、观点等方面的理解题。做这一类题时一定要留意：

1)由表及里的正确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。

2)特殊留意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情、态度观点的词语。要特殊留意作者在文章中的措词，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。

3)能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。

A well-known old man was being interviewed and was asked if it was correct that he had just celebrated his 99th birthday, “That's right,\" said the old man. “Ninety-nine years old, and I haven't an enemy in the world. They 're all dead.\"

“Well sir,\" said the interviewer, “I hope very much to have the honor of interviewing you on your hundredth birthday.\"

The old man looks at the young man closely, and said, “I can't see why you shouldn't. You look fit and healthy to me!\"

1. What kind of man would you say the old man was?

A. He was silly.

B. He was unpleasant.

C. He was very proud and sure of his health.

D. He was very impolite to young people.

解析: 记者希望在老人100岁生日时能再访老人，希望他能活到100岁。而老人故意歧解记者的话(我看不出你明年为什么不能采访我?你似乎还很健康呀!)表现了老人对自己健康状态的自信。答案为C。

四、猜测想象推理题

有些内容文章中没有明确说明，要求考生根据语篇，对事件可能的结局或下段可能涉及的内容等进行猜测推理。做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路(如文章可能按事件发展的经

过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述)，从而作出比较科学的、合情合理的猜测。

We are in the computer age. We often see computers at work. They are especially useful in automatic control, date processing(数据处理) and solving complicated problems. And they are finding their way into the home. The part played by computers is becoming even more important with each passing day. More and cleverer computers will continue to appear. They will run faster, have more functions and work more skillfully. They will take over more tasks from us, helping to change the face of our world. Some people even think that sooner or later computers will replace us.

However…

1. Which of the following statements is most likely to be talked about in the third paragraph?

A. Computers will soon stop developing.

B. Computers are as clever as man.

C. Many people like computers very much.

D.I don't think computers will replace us completely.

解析: 本文采用了对比关系来描写。前面描写了计算机的优势，但作者用 however 一词预示将引出相反的观点，答案为D。

五、写作意图推测题

此题型要求考生根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图及运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实和形象，客观地使读者信服某种想法或意见。这种题型要求同学们不但能理解文章的内容，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的写作方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。

Imagine that the genome(基因组) is a book. The book consists of 23

chapters with thousands of stories made up of paragraphs, words and letters on different levels. There are one billion words in the book, which makes it longer than 5,000 volumes the size of this book, or as long as 800 Bibles. If I read the genome out to you at the rate of one word per second for eight hours a day, it would take me a century. If I wrote out the human genome, one letter per millimeter, my text would be as long as the River Danube.

1. The real purpose of the author's comparison of the genome to a book is___________.

A. to focus on the differences between the two

B. to lay emphasis on the similarities between the two

C. to simplify the concept of the human genome

D. to give an exact description of the human genome

解析: “基因组”是一个非常抽象难懂的科学术语。作者在这里把“基因组”比作一本书，使一般读者能通俗形象地了解“基因组”的概念。故答案为C。