Body Temperature and Metabolism
Section A
1—f 2—j 3—i 4—a 5—b 6—h 7—c 8—d 9—e 10—g
Section B
Passage 1
I. Reading Comprehension
1. What is the normal range of human body temperature? 96.5-99.5ºF (36-38ºC)
2. Describe the pathways of heat loss through the skin.
Since the skin covers the body, most body heat is lost from the skin to the environment. The arterioles in the dermis may constrict or dilate to decrease or increase blood flow, thereby decreasing heat loss or increasing loss of heat to the environment. The other mechanism by which heat is lost from the skin is sweating. Small amounts of heat are also lost in what is called “insensible water loss”
3. Explain why the hypothalamus is called the thermostat of the body.
The hypothalamus is responsible for the regulation of body temperature, and is considered the “thermostat” of the body. As the thermostat, the hypothalamus maintains the “setting” of body temperature by balancing heat production and heat loss to keep the body at the set temperature.
4. Explain what is meant by metabolic rate and kilocalorie.
Metabolic rate is usually expressed as an amount of heat production. The energy available from food is measured in kilocalories (kcal). Kilocalories are also the units used to measure the energy expended by the body.
5—B 6—D 7—A 8—B 9—A 10—D
II. Vocabulary Study Part A
1—Vasodilation 2—metabolism 3—Anabolism 4—neurons 5—dehydration 6—hemoglobin 7—catabolism 8—thyroxine 9—digestive 10—peristalsis
Part B
1—Transferring 2—saturate 3—fluctuate 4—evaporate
5—radiation 6—encompass 7—humidity 8—generate 9—convection 10—disperse
III. Translation Part A
1. At either end of the age spectrum, however, temperature regulation may not be as
precise as it is in older children or younger adults.
然而，在年龄段两端的人群，其体温调节精确程度都不如少年或青年人。
2. The pathways of heat loss from the body are the skin, respiratory tract, and to a
lesser extent, the urinary and digestive tracts.
人体散热途径是经皮肤、呼吸道，少量经尿道和消化道散热。
3. Changes in body temperature also have an effect on metabolic rate and heat
production. This becomes clinically important when a person has a fever, an abnormally high body temperature.
人体体温的变化也会影响代谢率和产热。当一个人发热、体温异常升高时，从临床上讲，体温变化就显得重要了。
4. Anabolism means synthesis or “formation” reactions, the bonding together of
smaller molecules to form larger ones.
合成代谢是指综合或“形成”性反应，即把小的分子结合在一起形成更大的分子。
5. Catabolism means decomposition, the breaking of bonds of larger molecules to
form smaller molecules. Cell respiration is a series of catabolic reactions that break down food molecules to carbon dioxide and water.
分解代谢是指分解，即将较大分子的键打断使其分解成小分子。细胞呼吸过程就是一连串的分解代谢反应——将食物分子分解成二氧化碳和水。 Part B
1. 新陈代谢是指发生在生物体内的化学过程，可分为合成代谢和分解代谢两类。(metabolism)
Metabolism refers to the chemical reactions that take place in the living organisms. It may be divided into two major categories: anabolism and catabolism.
2. 正常人的体温为37℃。随个体、年龄、活动量和每日早晚略有差异，但波动幅度不超过l℃。(fluctuation)
The normal body temperature is 37ºC, and varies by person, age, activity, and time of day, but the fluctuations are usually no more than 1.0ºC.
3. 在正常情况下，人体通过体温调节系统使体温保持相对稳定。(constant)
Under normal conditions, human body is able to maintain a relatively constant body temperature through the system of temperature regulation.
4. 与生活在热带地区的人相比，在寒冷气候下生活的人，新陈代谢率要高10%~20%。(metabolic rate)
People who live in cold climates may have metabolic rates 10% to 20% higher than those who live in tropical regions.
5. 人体体温的调节主要是通过汗腺的分泌及皮肤血管的收缩与舒张。(excretion) Human body temperature is mainly regulated through the excretion of sweat gland and vasodilation and constriction of blood vessels in the skin.
Passage 2
1—F 2—F 36—T 7—T 8
—T 4—T 5—F 9—T 10—T —T
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