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定语从句
一、基本观点：
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。如： Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now? That is the house where he lived ten years ago.
定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来指引，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间
起连结作用，同时又作从句中的一个成帧 ?
指引定语从句的关系代词有： that, who, whom, whose, which; 关系副词有： when, where, why. 二、关系词的用法： （一）关系代词的用法：
1．作主语用 who, which 和 that, 如： He is the man who/that lives next door.
The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen. 2．作宾语用 whom, who, which, that, 如：
The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week?
注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词 who whom, that 往常能够省略，但在正式文体中往常用 whom, 不行
省略；用于指物的关系代词 which 和 that 在非正式文体中也往常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。 3．作定语用 whose, 如：
(a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week.
(b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.
注：“whose +名词中心词”这一构造在定语从句中既能作主语（如上 a 句），又能作宾语（如上 b 句）。whose 的
先行词常用来指人，但有时也能够用来指详细事物或抽象观点，这时能够与 of which 构造交换，词序是：“名词
+of which ，”如：
They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.. (= the back wall of which) He’ s written a book the name of which I ’ve completely forgotten. (= whose name)
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4．作表语只用 that ，它既能够指人，也能够指物，但经常省略。如： He is no longer the man that he used to be.
This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be. （二）关系副词的用法：
1．when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词往常有： time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如：
I still remember the time when I first became a college student. Do you know the date when Lincoln was born?
注： when 经常能够省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如：Each time he came, he did his best to help us.
But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill. 只供学习与沟通
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2． where 指地址，在从句中作地址状语。它的先行词往常有： place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country 等，如：
This is the hotel where they are staying. I forget the house where the Smiths lived. 注： where 有时也能够省略。如：
This is the place (where) we met yesterday. 3． why 指原由或原由，它的先行词只有 reason。如： That is the reason why he is leaving so soon. 注： why经常也能够省略。如： That is the real reason he did it. ( 三 ) 使用关系副词应注意以下几点：
1．这三个关系副词在乎义上都相当于必定的介词+which构造： when = on (in, at, during ⋯ ) + which; where = in (at, on ⋯ ) + which; why = for which. 如：
I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it.
2．当先行词是表时间的 time, day 等和表地址的 place, house 等时，必定要注意剖析从句的构造，假如缺乏主语
或宾语时，关系词应当用 which 或 that, 缺乏时间状语或地址状语时，才能用 when 或 where ，试比较：
I ’ ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.
I ’ ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory where radio parts are made. His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.
3． when 和 where 既能够指引限制性定语从句，也能够指引非限制性定语从句。而 why 只 能指引限制性定语从句。
三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1．限制性定语从句说明先行词的状况，对先行词起限制作用，与先行词关系十分亲密，不行用逗号分开，也不
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可省略，不然全句意义就不完好。如： This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you?
2．非限制性定语从句不过对先行词作增补说明，没有限制作用，它与先行词的关系比较松懈，因此不是重点性
的，假如省略，原句的意义仍旧完好。这类从句在朗诵时要有停留，在文字中往常用逗号与主句分开。如： This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.
As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.
指引非限制性定语从句的关系词有： who, whom, whose, which, when 和 where ，不可以够用 that why 。
此外，非限制性定语从句从意义上讲，相当于一个并列句，在口语中使用其实不广泛，在平时生活中，人们往常用 只供学习与沟通
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I told the story to John, who later did it to his brother. = I told the story to John, and he later told it to his brother.
Yesterday I happened to see John, who was eager to have a talk with you. = Yesterday I happened to see John and he was eager to have a talk with you.
3．两种定语从句的内涵不一样，限制性定语从句拥有涉他性，而非限制性定语从句拥有独一性，这在理解和翻译
时应特别注意。试比较：
All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him. All the books there that have beautiful pictures in them were written by him. His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man. （只有一个） His brother who is a PLA man is eighteen years old. （不只一个）
4．有时，非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是某一个词，而是整个主句或是主句中的一个部分，这时一般采纳which
或 as 来指引。如：
He passed the exam, which/as he hoped he would.
注：（ 1） as 指引的从句能够放在主句以前，而 which 指引的从句只好放在主句以后。 They are hollow, which makes them very light. As is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China.
（ 2）从意义上讲， which 指前面主句的内容；而 as 指代的是作为一般人都知道的常 识性的东西，所以常译成“就象⋯⋯那样”。
（ 3）假如定语从句的内容对主句的内容起悲观作用，则用 which ，而不用 as，如： She stole her friend ’ s money, which was disgraceful. He tore up my photo, which upset me.
5．在正式文体中，以 the way为先行词的限制性定语从句往常以 in which 或 that 指引，如：The way in which you answered the questions was admirable. 但在非正式文体中，人们往常省略 in which 或 that : The way (in which) he spoke to us was suspicious. I don ’ t like the way (that) you laugh at her. 四．关系词的选择
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1．在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作主语，只好用 who 指人， which 指物；关系代词做宾语，常用 whom
（口语中有时用 who ）指人， which 指物，它们都不可以用 that 取代。
2．关系代词作介词宾语，无论是在限制性定语从句中，仍是在非限制性定语从句中，当介词前置时，只好用
whom 指人， which 指物；但假如介词后置，则不受这类限制，关系代词还能够省去，特别是在口语中。如：
Do you know the boy to whom she was talking? Do you know the boy (that) she was talking to?
The pencil (which/that) he was writing with suddenly broke.
3．在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指物时，关系词可用 which 或 that 中，
只好用 that ，不用 which ： 只供学习与沟通
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，二者常能够交换；但在以下状况精选高中高一英语定语从句解说详及习题
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(1) 当先行词是 all, a lot, (a) little, few, much, none, anything, something, everything, nothing 等词时。如：
All that can be done has been done.
In this factory I saw little / much that was different from ours.
(2) 当先行词被 all, any no, much, little, few, every 等限制词所修饰时。如： We heard clearly every word that he said. (3) 当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。如：
The first thing that should be done is to get the tickets.
When people talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes to mind is the West Lake. (4) 当先行词是形容词最高等或被形容词最高等所修饰，以及先行词被序数词和形容 词最高等同时修饰时，如：
Is that the best that you can do?
That ’ s the most expensive hotel that we ’ ve ever stayed in. This novel is the second best one that I have ever read.
(5) 当先行词被 the very, the only, the next, the last 等所修饰时。如： This is the very book that I want to find.
(6) 当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时。如：
The guests spoke highly of the children and their performances that they saw at t he Children ’ s Palace.
She described in her compositions the people and places that impressed her most. (7) 当主句是以 which 开头的特别疑问句时。如： Which is the car that killed the boy?
4. 在定语从句中，当先行词指人时，关系词可用 who(m) 或 that ，二者常可交换。 但在以下状况中，用 who(m) ，而不用 that ：
(1) 当先行词是 one, ones, any, few, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody 等词时。如：
Is there anyone who can answer this question?
He was among the few who managed to live through the enemy prison camp. 注：在非正式文体中能够说： You’ re the one that knows where to go.) (2) 当先行词是 he, they, those, people, person 等词时。如：
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He who wants to catch fish just not mind getting wet. Those who are against the proposal put up your hands. 注：在固定构造的谚语或习语中，可用 he that ⋯。如： He that promises too much means nothing. (3) 当先行词有较长的后置定语修饰时。如：
Do you know the writer in blue with thick glasses who is speaking at the meeting? (4) 在分开式定语从句中，若先行词指人，为了明确修饰关系，应当用 who(m) 。如： A new master will came tomorrow who will teach you German.
There ’ s only one student in the school who/whom I wanted to see. 只供学习与沟通
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I was the only person in my office who was invited.
(5) 两个定语从句同时修饰一个指人的先行词，第二个定语从句常用 who(m) 来指引，如： She is the only girl I know who can play the guitar.
5. 在定语从句中，当先行词指人时，在以下状况中，一般用关系词that: (1) 当主句是以 who 或 which 开头的特别疑问句时。如： Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there? Which of us that knows anything does not know this? (2) 当先行词被形容词最高等或序数词所修饰时。如： He is the greatest man that has ever lived.
(3) 当先行词被 the only, the very, the last 等词所修饰时。如： She is the only person that understands me.
6. 当先行词被 the same 所修饰时，关系词既能够用 as，也能够用 that 。在表示详细事物 时，有时二者有必定的差别。一般说来，表示同一种类多用 as，表示同一事物多用 that 。 如：
This is the same instrument that I used yesterday.这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。 This is the same instrument as I used yesterday.这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台同样。 在抽象观点上，同种类和同一事物是没有绝对区其他，所以两个词可换用： I have the same opinion as / that you have. 这里要注意的是：
（ 1）使用 as时，它指引的定语从句中的动词能够省略，但使用 that时，定语从句中 的动词不行省略。如：
Women received the same pay as men.
Women received the same pay that men received.
(2) 在“ the same ⋯ th结at构中”， that 不过用来增强语气，重申“同样”。that 能够省去而不改变句子原意，甚至连名
词前的 same 也能够省去。如：
This is the same instrument that I used yesterday. = This is the same instrument I used yesterday. = This is the instrument I used yesterday.
但在“ the same ⋯ as结”构中， same 和 as 都不可以省略。
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(3) 当“ the same ⋯ th结at构中”的 that 作为关系副词用时，不可以够直接与 as 交换。 如：
He lives in the same building that I live.
= He lives in the same building as / that I live in. Shall we meet at the same place that we last met?
= Shall we meet at the same place that / as we last met at? 7. 当先行词前有 such, so, as时，关系词应当用 as。如：
A wise man seldom tal ks about such things as he doesn 只供学习与沟通
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t understand. ’精选高中高一英语定语从句解说详及习题
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He spoke in such easy English as everybody could understand.
At this time of the day, all buses and trolleys have to carry as many passengers as they can. It is so easy a book as every schoolboy can read. Let ’ s discuss such things as we can talk of freely.
定语从句专项练习题及详解 50 题
1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _______?
A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _______last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed
4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when
6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which
7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which
11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.
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A. whom B. who C. which D. that
12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom
13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A. who B. who's C. which D. whose
14.I'm interested in ______you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 只供学习与沟通
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15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as
16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as
17.He is good at English, ______we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what
A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I don't like ______ as you read.
A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels
20.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what
21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who
22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women. A. them B. which C. whom D. who
23.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it. A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who
24.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.
A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that
25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what
26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it
27.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together. A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when 28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong. A. which B. whose C. what D./
29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which
30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.
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A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after 31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill. A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what 32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam. 33.That is not the way ______I do it. 只供学习与沟通
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资料采集于网络，若有侵权请联系网站删除 A./ B.which C.for which D.with which
34.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.
A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which
35.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago. A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which
36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of them. A. who B. which C. that D. it
37.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph. A. that B. which C. from that D. from which
38.He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done. A. that B. which C. who D. as
39. You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes. A. / B. why C. when D. whose
40. Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however, popular. A. that B. which C. it D. though
41. --- Did you ask the guard _______ happened? --- Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.
A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that
42. I shall never forget those years _______ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life. A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which
43. The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing. A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are
44. During the days ________, he worked as a servant at the Browns. A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed
45. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it
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46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _______ he could see _____ was going on inside house.
A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that 47. Is _______ some German friends visited last week?
A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where
48. John got beaten in the game, _______ had been expected. 只供学习与沟通
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49. I have bought two ballpens, _______ writes well.
A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which 50. All that can be eaten _______ eaten up.
A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been
参照答案及分析
1. ACDCA. CAAAA CDDAD D BBCB DCD A A CADDB ABADC BDDAB ADCDA BBACB
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只供学习与沟通
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