试卷（三）
A
On July 27，2022，ahead of the PLA's 95th birthday，Chinese president Xi presented the August 1 Medal to three military service members who have made outstanding contributions.Let's meet three of them. Qian Qihu
Qian Qihu，85，a scientist at the Chinese Academy of Engineering，has made major contributions to building a series of defense facilities located deep inside
mountains.Qian described his work as the\"Underground Steel Great Wall\"that can guarantee the security of China.Even though Qian has retired，he hasn't stopped working.He actively advises on the construction of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway.\" Though I'm over 80，I feel that I still have a lot of things to do，\" he said. Nie Haisheng
In 2021，Nie Haisheng worked as commander of the Shenzhou XII mission，becoming the first member to live and work in China's Tiangong space station for three months.He won the title of \"hero astronaut\" after Shenzhou VI mission.With 1，480 hours of flight time，he became a first-grade pilot and joined the country's first team of astronauts in 1998.He spent countless hours training hard to prepare to fly to space.He got a doctoral degree in 2021.\"You're never too old to learn，\"the 57-year-old said. Du Fuguo
On Oct 11，2018，demining soldier Du Fuguo and his teammates were doing a mine clearance in Yunnan.Suddenly，a grenade（手榴弹） exploded.Du managed to protect his teammates，but he lost his hands and eyes forever.Du was an excellent demining soldier，who volunteered to join the China-Vietnam border mine clearance mission in 2015.He was so talented that he had mastered more than 10 different ways to remove bombs within three months.
1. Which of the following words can best describe Nie according to the passage
______
A. Hardworking and strong-willed.B. Professional and creative.C. Loyal and modest.
D. Considerate and outgoing.
2. What can we know about Du Fuguo ______
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A. Du is a soldier who removed grenades only.B. Du lost his hands and eyes forever in Vietnam.
C. Du joined the China-Vietnam border mine clearance mission four years ago.D. Du mastered many ways to remove bombs in a short time.3. What do the three men have in common？ ______ A. They are all soldiers of the PLA Air Force.B. They all successfully saved their partners.
C. They all make outstanding contributions in their area.D. They are all studying for their doctor's degree.
B
China came in second place overall after losing to the USA 83-61 in the FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup final on Saturday in Sydney，Australia.It was like history repeated itself because 28 years ago，in 1994，China finished the World Championship with silver medals in Australia as well.On the way to the top stage，they defeated traditional women's basketball powerhouses including France and Australia.
Actually，the road to the success was quite tough.On the one hand，Chinese top scorer Li Meng，who suffered from a fever，was absent from the final.Earlier in the group stage，China lost to the United States 77-63，when Li scored 21 points，more than anyone else on the court.On the other hand，the aggressiveness of competitors produced 13 steals for USA and forced 19 turnovers out of
China.Moreover，there was always a defender following Han Xu closely to stand in the passing route between Han and her teammates.It was very difficult for the Chinese guard to pass the ball out against such defense，not to mention to feed Han for an open shot.
Faced with challenges，girls didn't give up.They worked together to compete against the \"powerhouse\".Li Yueru led China with 19 points and 12 rebounds，which made Li the first double-double in a World Cup final since 2013.Meanwhile，Chinese player Wu Tongtong scored 13 points before being helped off the court with a leg injury.
\"We tried our best to win today.Though we didn't make it，we feel that we showed our best and hope to get better results in the future，\" Li told Xinhua.
Saturday's loss was not the best result for China，but it could be a good lesson for
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their players，head coach Zheng Wei and every other involved with Chinese basketball development to learn so they can do better in the future.
4. What is the main purpose of Paragraph 2 ______ A. To introduce the challenges they faced.B. To introduce how to overcome difficulties.C. To tell readers how to play basketball.
D. To state how to develop the strategy for the basketball competition.5. What can we learn about Li Yueru ______ A. She scored 21 points in the final.
B. She became the first double-double in a World Cup final since 2013.C. She was absent from the final because of the fever.D. She was the biggest fan of shooting 3-pointers.6. What can we learn from the passage？ ______ A. Patience is the mother of good luck.
B. Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.
C. Continuous efforts —not strength or intelligence— is the key to unlocking our
potential.
D. Success is not measured by the position you reach in life but the difficulties
you overcome.
7. Where does this text probably come from？ ______ A. An advertisement.C. A magazine.
B. A news report.D. A sports brochure.
C
We are all aware of the effect greenhouse gas emissions are having on our planet and the efforts needed to tackle climate change.Most of us are doing our bit to minimize our impact on the environment，but despite our overall effort，are we doing enough to achieve net zero by 2050？
Net zero means not increasing the amount of greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere.Many countries are doing their bit by changing how they generate and use power，thereby cutting carbon dioxide output.
In the UK，the government has been setting out its plans to achieve net zero by 2050.It's recently announced an end date for the sale of gas boilers，which are used for heating homes.The idea is to replace them with heat pumps.It's offering homeowners grants of up to £ 5，000 to get them installed.Another movement in
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the UK is a big push towards electric vehicles.There will be financial incentives（动机） for car manufacturers，and more charging points are to be installed（安装） in streets.And there will be a prohibition on the sale of new petrol and diesel cars by 2030.
But not all emissions can be reduced to zero，so the remaining emissions will have to be compensated for，or offset.One way to do this is to plant thousands of trees，which are good at absorbing carbon dioxide.The UK government has to the citizens to plant 30，000 hectares of trees a year by 2025.
Whether the UK，or anyone else，can reach net zero remains to be seen.And there's some doubt about how this can be accurately measured anyway.But it's generally recognised that a global effort is needed to tackle climate change.Therefore，net zero targets only make sense if every other country is moving in the same direction.
8. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs？ ______
A. Net zero means removing the greenhouse gases from the atmosphere
thoroughly.
B. British will cease using gas boilers.
C. Every homeowner will receive £ 5，000 for installing gas boilers.D. The UK government has persuaded all British to buy electric vehicles.9. What does the underlined word\"pledged\" in Paragraph 4 probably mean？
______
A. guaranteedB. plannedC. announcedD. started
which measure maybe ineffective for achieving 10. According to the passage，Net Zero Targets ______
A. Replace gas boilers with heat pumps.B. Popularize electric vehicles.C. Plant thousands of trees.D. Sell new petrol and diesel cars.
11. Which of the following is the best title for this passage？ ______ A. UK—the Pioneer of Net Zero Targets.B. Unavoidable Impact of Climate Change.
C. Joint Effort Is Essential to Achieve Net Zero Targets.D. The Ways to Achieve Net Zero Targets.
D
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What are the things that scare you：snakes，spiders or frightening crawlies？Or maybe you have a fear of heights or visiting the dentist.Although some of us just get scared or a bit nervous about these things，for others it can cause a ridiculous reaction that can't be controlled —something we call a phobia.It occurs when someone develops an extreme or unrealistic sense of danger about a situation or object.
Sometimes it's good to be aware of the possible dangers from things.Our brain warns us about the risks that might lie ahead，but then we often assess the risks and overcome them.Clinical psychologist Warren Man told the BBC，\"Our fears are hard-wired into our brains—we don't need to learn to be afraid of animals like snakes or spiders. \" But phobias are stronger than just fears.Warren says，\"An area called the amygdala in the brain is recognizing a threat and preparing your body for fight or flight.\" With a phobia，your breathing gets quicker，your pulse speeds up，you sweat，there's more glucose（葡萄糖） in your blood，increasing your energy，and your brain is unable to control these reactions.
But where does a phobia come from？Lauren Rosenberg，a fear and phobia expert，says，\"Phobias usually are a copy behaviour from a higher authority，like a parent or teacher，or something you have learnt from your own experience，or an injury from a past event that comes back to haunt you.\"
There are many different complex phobias some people suffer from，such as agoraphobia—caused by being away from home for too long，social-phobia—feeling anxious in social situations，and iatrophobia —fear of doctors.But how can they be overcome？Cognitive behavioural therapy is one option，where you gradually get used to whatever you fear.Lauren Rosenburg says she likes to work with people to clear their subconscious memory and help them breathe.But if you do have a phobia，continually trying to avoid what you're afraid of is likely to make the situation worse，so it's a good idea to find help to overcome it.
12. Which is true according to Warren's words？ ______ A. Phobias are stronger than fears.
B. Fear is a hard reaction to something scary.
C. Phobias can cause irrational and uncontrolled reactions.
D. Amygdala plays an crucial role in the process of developing a phobia.13. According to Lauren Rosenberg，who is most likely to develop a phobia？
______
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A. Tom who has taken in too much glucose.
B. Jackson who saw a movie about harms in the school last week.C. Mary living with her respectable mother that has a social-phobia.D. Lily，once bitten by a dog，who still adores dogs.
14. For a person with agoraphobia，which will make him anxious？ ______ A. Visiting a dentist.
B. Studying at a boarding school.C. Staying in a room without any light.D. Playing pirate ship with best friends.
15. What is the best way to treat phobias？ ______ A. Avoiding what you are afraid of.B. Disconnecting from everyone around.C. Seeking professionals' assistance.
D. Communicating with people who have similar problems.
As the saying goes，time waits for no man.Time is always against us，and we just can't stop it. (1) But if timekeeping is not what you' re good at，don't stress.There might be a good reason for your lateness.
(2) Some people always watch the clock and make sure they always arrive on time for a meeting.It is，after all，rude to be late.But if，like me，you want to make every second count，you might try to squeeze as much as you can into the time you have.However，when your schedule doesn't run according to plan，you will certainly be late for next step.
People who lack promptness（准时） have been described as\"time benders\".Author Grace Pacie told the BBC that\"They're the people who don't want to be late，but they have a strange resistance to being early，and they don't allow enough time. (3) \"
Perceptions of unpunctual people are almost always negative — even if sometimes wrong.Writing for the BBC，Laura Clarke says，\" (4) It could be your type.The punctually-challenged often share personality characteristics，such as optimism，low levels of self-control，anxiety，or a tendency for thrill-seeking.\" It is also possible that people are late to avoid the anxious wait for others to turn up.
Maybe us latecomers should make more effort and follow the advice I heard to not\"try\"to be on time but\"decide\"to be on time.I know if a meeting or a deadline really matters，then I'll be there on time. (5) 第6页，共22页
A.Being consistently late might not be your fault.
B.It is your fault to be late for meeting while others are waiting for you. C.Otherwise relax，even if others are blaming me.
D.They assume their journey will always go smoothly，and the train will always be on time.
E.Usually，a small amount of lateness is acceptable.
F.Maybe that's why some of us are always running late for appointments. G.People's attitudes to being on time vary.
16. A. A
F. F17. A. A
F. F18. A. A
F. F19. A. A
F. F20. A. A
F. F
B. BG. GB. BG. GB. BG. GB. BG. GB. BG. G
C. CC. CC. CC. CC. C
D. DD. DD. DD. DD. D
E. EE. EE. EE. EE. E
European Space Agency astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti is back on Earth after spending five and a half months in orbit on the International Space Station
（ISS）.The Italian(21)much attention in China after she (22) some classic Chinese poems on social media with a view of the Chinese capital from space.
That view(23)Cristoforetti to dive into the Chinese classics as the ISS flew over parts of China.She quoted 4th-century poet Wang Xizhi's Preface to Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion：
\"Looking up，I see the immensity of the cosmos；bowing my head，I look at the multitude of the world.The gaze flies，the heart expands，the joy of the senses can reach its peak，and indeed，this is true happiness.\" The text was(24)by photos of China taken from the space station.
Her(25)spacecraft splashed down off the coast of Florida.After a medical check，she was flown to a military base in Germany，where CGTN Europe asked why she(26)that particular poem and if she was aware of the(27)it had gained. \"I have a good friend，an Italian who has lived in China for 30 years— a sinologist，very(28)about Chinese literature.\" she smiled，\" he suggested that to me，and it
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sounded like a Good(29).So unfortunately，I cannot take credit for choosing it — but for choosing a smart friend.\"
It is hoped that ESA astronauts will(30)their Chinese counterparts for joint(31)at some point in the future.With Cristoforetti having laid some groundwork for that，ESA Director General Josef Aschbacher was full of (32)for her — and positive about the (33) spirit of space exploration. \"She speaks very well in Chinese，and this post has shown that she can do this very well，\"he told CGTN.\" Space is(34).There is no way to put a(35)in space — the space station，the satellites，they fly around the Earth，they(36)boundaries，cultures，religions and different divides.I think this is something that we should(37)：Space is above everything.(38)there may be many(39)between nations on Earth，in space，cooperation is(40).\"21. A. signed up
up
B. picked upC. used upD. quoted
D. packed
22. A. recitedB. （expressedC. illustrated23. A. inspiredB. insulted24. A. accepted
followed
C. indicatedD. interpreted
D.
B. acknowledgedC. accompaniedB. returnC. choseC. effortB. shallowB. adaptationB. put up withB. creditsC. commentB. divided
25. A. departure26. A. wrote
B. required
27. A. interestB. attention28. A. knowledgeable29. A. possession30. A. feed up with
team up with
C. recoveryD. deliveryD. publishedD. result
C. commonD. eagerC. passage
D. example
D. D.
C. come up withC. expectationsD. substanceC. unitedD. limitlessC. extentD. minimizeC. trust
D. ignoreD. principleD.
31. A. strengths
missions
32. A. praiseB. criticism33. A. conflicted
separated
34. A. vastB. internationalC. individual
B. extremeC. shortenB. remind
35. A. boundary36. A. bridgeB. cross37. A. remember
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38. A. Until
opportunities
B. WhenC. UponB. subjectsC. necessary
D. WhileC. issuesD. typical
D.
39. A. competitors40. A. relatedB. weak
41. It is easy to get carried away in (1) argument. While (2) （ have）a reasonable conversation with someone who has a different opinion might seems like a challenge，it is possible.One way is to approach the other person (3) understanding.The Empathy（共鸣） Challenge is an exercise (4) （ create） by Zoe Chance，senior lecturer at the Yale School of
Management.At Yale，Chance teaches a course called\" Mastering Influence and Persuasion \" where students learn to communicate (5) （ effective）.
In her blog，Chance explains (6) is important to listen to people who disagree with you.\"As they explain their position，you listen for their hidden values.Finally，you look for common ground as you reflect those values back.That's it.\"
Chance first took this challenge herself before asking her students to try.As she couldn't understand why many people preferred (7) （ vote） for Donald Trump，she found three Trump's voters and spoke with them.
Through asking questions，Chance was able to understand them and realize they had similar feelings.One man，an Orthodox Jew， (8) （ explain） that he supported Trump because Trump's daughter and son-in-law are Jewish.The next man was a Russian immigrant eager for freedom.The third was a lawyer (9) believed that honesty was important to political leaders.
Although Chance and those people had different political (10) （ belief），they were able to
relate to the life values of others.And that's the point of the exercise—to understand others as fellow human beings.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)
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(10)
42. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中
共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（\\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：（1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
（2）只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Last year I had visited the historical university town of Cambridge.Everyone knows University of Cambridge is one of a best universities in the world，and few people know its unique system.It was different from what I had expected!31 colleges are in the town that students live，study and use leisure facility.This is why，when applied to University of Cambridge，applicants take great care to select the right college for themselves.For visitors，many places are worth visiting.If you are enthusiastic classics，I would recommend visiting museums as part of your trip.There is a museum designing for showing almost everything you can think of，including physically sciences，art and classics.You would be able to bury you in the academic atmosphere and appreciate the wonderful exhibits each museum offers.(1)(2)
43. 假如你是李华，最近中国的电热毯、睡袋等冬季必需品在欧洲各国销售火爆，你的英
国朋友Jack 给你发邮件表达了他对电热毯的喜爱，并询问使用的注意事项，请你给他回一封邮件。内容包括：
（1）感谢他对\"神器\"的喜爱；（2）介绍使用注意事项；
（3）欢迎他尝试其他中国保暖神器。注意：
（1）词数100左右；
（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
电热毯：electric blankets；电热水壶：electric kettles；
可穿戴睡袋：wearable sleeping bags；保暖内衣：thermal underwear
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答案和解析
1~3.【答案】A、D、C
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据Nie Haisheng部分In 2021，
Nie Haisheng worked as commander of the Shenzhou XII mission，becoming the first
member to live and work in China's Tiangong space station for three months.He won the title of \"hero astronaut\" after Shenzhou VI mission.With 1，480 hours of flight time，
he became a first-grade pilot and joined the country's first team of astronauts in 1998.He spent countless hours
training hard to prepare to fly to space.He got a doctoral degree in 2021.\"You're never too old to learn，\"the 57-year-old said.（2021年，聂海胜担任神舟十二号任务指挥官，成为第一位在中国天宫空间站生活和工作三个月的成员。神舟六号任务后，他获得了\"英雄宇航员\"的称号。凭借1480小时的飞行时间，他成为了一名一级飞行员，并于1998年加入了我国第一\"活到老，支宇航员队伍。他花了无数小时刻苦训练，准备飞向太空。他于2021年获得博士学位。学到老，\"57岁的他说。）可知，聂海胜不怕吃苦，刻苦训练，凭借坚强的意志成功飞向太空。结合选项，A.Hardworking and strong-willed.勤奋的，意志坚强的；
B.Professional and creative.专业的，富有创造力的；C.Loyal and modest.忠诚的和谦虚的；D.Considerate and outgoing.体贴的和外向的。Hardworking and strong-willed分析可知，最能描述聂海胜的品质。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据 Du Fuguo部分On Oct 11，2018，
demining soldier Du Fuguo and his teammates were doing a mine clearance in Yunnan.Suddenly，a grenade（手榴弹）
exploded.Du managed to protect his teammates，but
he lost his hands and eyes forever.Du was an excellent demining soldier，who volunteered to join
the China-Vietnam border mine clearance mission in 2015.He was so talented that he had mastered
more than 10 different ways to remove bombs within three months.（2018年10月11日，在云南，扫雷战士杜富国和他的队友正在进行扫雷。突然，一颗手榴弹爆炸了。杜成功地保护了他的队友，但他永远失去了双手和眼睛。杜是一名优秀的排雷战士，2015年自愿参加中越边境扫雷任务。他才华横溢，在三个月内就掌握了10多种不同的拆除炸弹的方法。）可知，杜富国在短时间内掌握了许多拆除炸弹的方法。故选D。
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（3）细节理解题。根据第一段第一句On July 27，2022，
ahead of the PLA's 95th birthday，Chinese president Xi presented the
August 1 Medal to three military service members who have made outstanding contributions.（2022年7月27日，在中国人民解放军建军95周年之际，中国国家主席*向三位作出突出贡献的军人颁发了\"八一奖章\"。）可知，这三个人都在各自的领域做出了杰出的贡献。故选C。
本文是一篇新闻报道。文章简要地介绍了三位获得\"八一奖章\"军人的英雄事迹。
做阅读时首先要通读全文，理解文章大意，然后带着问题到原文中找信息句，仔细研究问题和跟问题有关的句子，琢磨其意思，选出正确答案。
4~7.【答案】A、B、D、B
【解析】（1）目的意图题。根据第二段第一句Actually，
the road to the success was quite tough.（事实上，通往成功的道路是相当艰难的。）和第三段第一句Faced with challenges，girls didn't give up.（面对挑战，女孩们没有放弃。）可知，第二段的写作目的是为了介绍他们面临的挑战。结合选项，A.To introduce the challenges they faced.介绍他们面临的挑战；B.To introduce how to overcome difficulties.介绍如何克服困难；C.To tell readers how to play basketball.告诉读者如何打篮球；
D.To state how to develop the strategy for the basketball competition.a .陈述如何制定篮球比赛的战略。分析可知，A项符合第二段的写作意图。故选A。 （2）细节理解题。根据第三段第三句
Li Yueru led China with 19 points and 12 rebounds，which made Li the first
double-double in a World Cup final since 2013.（李月汝以19分和12个篮板领衔中国队，这使李月汝成为自2013年以来世界杯决赛中的第一个两双。）可知，她成为自2013年以来世界杯决赛的第一个两双。故选B。 （3）细节理解题。根据第四段
\"We tried our best to win today.Though we didn't make it，
we feel that we showed our best and hope to get better results in the future，\" Li told Xinhua.（\"我们今天尽全力赢了。虽然我们没有成功，但我们觉得我们已经尽了最大的努力，希望未来能取得更好的成绩。\"李月汝告诉新华社。）可知，成功不是用你在生活中达到的地位来衡量的，而是用你克服的困难来衡量的。故选D。 （4）文章出处题。根据全文的内容，结合第一段第一句
China came in second place overall after losing to the USA 83-61 in the FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup final on Saturday in Sydney，Australia.（周六，在澳大利亚悉
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尼举行的国际篮联女篮世界杯决赛中，中国队以61比83不敌美国队，排名第二。）和第四段 \"We tried our best to win today.Though we didn't make it，
we feel that we showed our best and hope to get better results in the future，\" Li told Xinhua.（\"我们今天尽全力赢了。虽然我们没有成功，但我们觉得我们已经尽了最大的努力，希望未来能取得更好的成绩。\"李月汝告诉新华社。）可知，这是一篇体育新闻。结合选项，A.An advertisement.广告；B.A news report.新闻报道；C.A magazine.杂志；
D.A sports brochure.体育宣传册。分析可知，这篇文章最有可能出自一篇新闻报道。故选B。本文是一篇体育新闻。文章报道了一则新闻：周六，在澳大利亚悉尼举行的国际篮联女篮世界杯决赛中，中国队以61比83不敌美国队，排名第二。虽然没有拿到第一，但这对中国女篮来说可能是一个很好的教训，让他们在未来做得更好。
做阅读时首先要通读全文，理解文章大意，然后带着问题到原文中找信息句，仔细研究问题和跟问题有关的句子，琢磨其意思，选出正确答案。
8~11.【答案】B、A、D、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句It's
recently announced an end date for the sale of gas boilers，
which are used for heating homes.The idea is to replace them with heat pumps.（最近，政府宣布了用于家庭供暖的燃气锅炉的销售终止日期。他们的想法是用热泵代替它们。）可知，英国将停止使用燃气锅炉。故选B。
（2）词义猜测题。根据第四段The UK government has to the citizens to plant 30，000 hectares of trees a year by 2025.（英国政府向公民承诺，到2025年，每年要种植3万公顷的树木。）可知，划线的词pledged意为\"承诺，保证\"。结合选项，A.guaranteed保证；B.planned计划；C.announced宣布；D.started开始。分析可知，A项与划线词义最接近。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句
And there will be a prohibition on the sale of new petrol and diesel cars by 2030.（到2030年，英国将禁止销售新汽油和柴油汽车。）可知，销售新汽油和柴油汽车会增加碳排放，无益于实现\"零碳排放\"的目标。故选D。
（4）标题归纳题。根据全文内容，结合第一段最后一句
Most of us are doing our bit to minimize our impact on the environment，
but despite our overall effort，are we doing enough to achieve net zero by 2050？（我们大多数人都在尽力减少对环境的影响，但是尽管我们做出了全部努力，是否到2050年实现净零排放？）和最后一段最后一句Therefore，net zero targets only make sense if every other
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country is moving in the same direction.（因此，净零目标只有在其他所有国家都朝着同一个方向前进的情况下才有意义。）可知，文章主要讲述了只有世界各国共同努力应对气候变化，才能实现零碳排放的目标。分析选项，A.UK—the Pioneer of Net Zero Targets.英国--净零目标的先驱；B.Unavoidable Impact of Climate Change.气候变化不可避免的影响；
C.Joint Effort Is Essential to Achieve Net Zero Targets.共同努力是实现净零目标的关键；D.The Ways to Achieve Net Zero Target.实现净零目标的方法。故选C。
本文是一篇鋭明文。文章讲述了英国政府努力出台了多个计划以应対全球气候変化，但是要完成2050年实现零碳排放需要全球各国的共同努力。
做阅读时首先要通读全文，理解文章大意，然后带着问题到原文中找信息句，仔细研究问题和跟问题有关的句子，琢磨其意思，选出正确答案。
12~15.【答案】C、C、B、C
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第二段With a phobia，your breathing gets quicker，your pulse speeds up，you sweat，there's more glucose（葡萄糖） in your blood，increasing your energy，and your brain is unable to control these reactions.（患有恐惧症的人，呼吸变得更快，脉搏加快，出汗，血液中的葡萄糖含量增加，能量增加，大脑无法控制这些反应。）可知C.Phobias can cause irrational and uncontrolled reactions.（恐惧症会导致不理智和不受控制的反应。）符合题意。故选C。 （2）细节理解题。根据文章第三段
Phobias usually are a copy behaviour from a higher authority，
like a parent or teacher，or something you have learnt from your own experience，or an injury from a past event that comes back to haunt you（恐惧症通常是来自更高权威的模仿行为，比如父母或老师，或者是你从自己的经历中学到的东西，或者是过去事件造成的伤害，它会回来困扰你）可知玛丽和她可敬的有社交恐惧症的母亲住在一起，她很可能会患上恐惧症。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据文章最后一段
There are many different complex phobias some people suffer from，
such as agoraphobia—caused by being away from home for too long（有些人患有许多不同的复杂恐惧症，比如广场恐惧症---这是由于离家太久造成的）可知对于一个有广场恐惧症的人来说，在寄宿学校学习会让他焦虑。故选B。
（4）推理判断题。根据文章最后一段But if you do have a phobia，
continually trying to avoid what you're afraid of is likely to make the situation worse，so it's a good idea to find help to overcome it.（但是，如果你确实有恐惧症，不断试图避免你害怕的东西可能会使情况变得更糟，所以寻求帮助来克服它是一个好主意。）可知治疗恐
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惧症的最好方法是寻求专业人士的帮助。因此C.Seeking professionals' assistance.（寻求专业人士的帮助）符合题意。故选C。
本文是一篇说明文。介绍恐惧症的定义，症状，成因以及克服恐惧症的方法。一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。 二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。 三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。 四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会\"顺藤摸瓜\"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
16~20.【答案】F、G、D、A、C
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据前句As the saying goes，
time waits for no man.Time is always against us，and we just can't stop it（俗话说，时间不等人。时间总是与我们作对，我们无法阻止它）；以及后句
But if timekeeping is not what you' re good at，don't stress（但是，如果你不擅长守时，也不要紧张），可知表示\"也许这就是为什么我们中的一些人约会总是迟到的原因\"的选项F符合前后的语境，against us是关键词，故选F。 （2）主题判断题。根据后句
Some people always watch the clock and make sure they always arrive on time for a meeting.It is，after all，rude to be late.But if，like me，you want to make every second count，
you might try to squeeze as much as you can into the time you have（有些人总是盯
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着时钟，确保他们总是准时到达开会地点。毕竟，迟到是不礼貌的。但如果像我一样，你想让每一秒都有意义，你可能会尽可能多地利用你的时间。然而，如果你的日程安排不符合计划，下一步你肯定会迟到），可知表示\"人们对准时的态度各不相同\"的选项G符合本段的主题，being on time vary是关键词，故选G。
（3）推理判断题。根据前句They're the people who don't want to be late，but they have a strange resistance to being early，
and they don't allow enough time（他们是不想迟到的人，但他们对早起有一种奇怪的抵触情绪，他们不允许有足够的时间），可知表示\"他们认为他们的旅程总是顺利的，火车总是准时的\"的选项D符合前后的语境，don't allow enough time是关键词，故选D。
（4）推理判断题。根据后句It could be your type（这可能是你的类型），可知表示\"经常迟到可能不是你的错\"的选项A符合前后的语境，be your type是关键词，故选A。
then I'll be （5）推理判断题。根据前句I know if a meeting or a deadline really matters，there on time（我知道如果会议或最后期限真的很重要，那么我会准时到达），可知表示\"但如果不是，即使别人在指责我也要放松\"的选项C符合前后的语境，if a meeting or a deadline really matters是关键词，故选C。这是一篇议论文。作者分析了人们对于准时的不同的看法以及背后的原因。
这是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
21~40.【答案】B、D、A、C、B、C、B、A、D、D、D、A、C、B、A、B、A、D、
C、C
【解析】（1）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.signed up报名参加；B.picked up捡起，获得；C.used up用完；D.packed up打包。根据后文After a medical check，she was flown to a military base in Germany，where CGTN Europe asked why she（6）that particular poem and if she was aware of the（7）it had gained.可知经过体检后，她被空运到德国的一个军事基地，CGTN欧洲公司询问她为什么选择这首诗，以及她是否意识到这首诗引起了关注。说明这位意大利人在社交媒体上引用了一些中国古典诗歌，从太空中观看中国首都后，在中国引起了很多关注。故答案为B。
（2）考查动词及语境理解。A.recited背诵；B.expressed表达；C.illustrated举例说明；D.quoted引用。根据下句
She quoted 4th-century poet Wang Xizhi's Preface to Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion：可知她引用了四世纪诗人王羲之的《兰亭序》。说明这位意大利人在社交媒体上引用了一些中国古典诗歌，从太空中观看中国首都后，在中国引起了很多关注。故答案为D。 （3）考查动词及语境理解。A.inspired鼓励，激发；B.insulted侮辱；C.indicated暗示；
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D.interpreted口译。当国际空间站飞越中国部分地区时，这一观点激发了克里斯托佛莱蒂钻研中国古典文学的兴趣。故答案为A。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.accepted接受；B.acknowledged接受；C.accompanied陪伴；D.followed跟随。根据空后by photos of China taken from the space station.可知文字附有从空间站拍摄的中国照片。故答案为C。
（5）考查名词及语境理解。A.departure出发；B.return回来；C.recovery恢复；D.delivery运送。根据前文
European Space Agency astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti is back on Earth after spending five and a half months in orbit on the International Space Station可知欧洲航 天局宇航员萨曼莎•克里斯托弗雷蒂在国际空间站的轨道上呆了五个半月后返回地球。故答案为B。（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.wrote写；B.required需要；C.chose选择；D.published出版。根据前文
She quoted 4th-century poet Wang Xizhi's Preface to Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion：可知她引用了四世纪诗人王羲之的《兰亭序》。说明CGTN欧洲公司询问她为什么选择这首诗，故答案为C。
（7）考查名词及语境理解。A.interest兴趣；B.attention注意力；C.effort努力；D.result结果。根据前文The Italian（1）much attention in China after she （2）some classic Chinese poems on social media with a view of the
Chinese capital from space.可知这位意大利人在社交媒体上引用了一些中国古典诗歌，从太空中观看中国首都后，在中国引起了很多关注。说明她获得了很多关注。故答案为B。 （8）考查形容词及语境理解。A.knowledgeable知识渊博的；B.shallow肤浅的；C.common普通的；D.eager渴望的。根据上句\"I have a good friend，
an Italian who has lived in China for 30 years— a sinologist可知\"我有一个好朋友，一个在中国生活了30年的意大利人---一个汉学家，说明对中国文学非常了解。故答案为A。 （9）考查名词及语境理解。A.possession拥有；B.adaptation适应；C.passage文章；D.example例子。他向我建议，这听起来像是一个很好的例子。故答案为D。
（10）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.feed up with受够了；B.put up with忍受；C.come up with提出；D.team up with联手。根据后文they fly around the Earth，they（16）boundaries，cultures，religions and different divides可知他们环绕地球飞行，他们跨越国界、文化、宗教和不同的鸿沟。说明希望在未来的某个时候，欧空局的宇航员将与中国同行合作执行联合任务。故答案为D。
（11）考查名词及语境理解。A.strengths强项；B.credits信用；C.expectations期盼；D.missions使命。希望在未来的某个时候，欧空局的宇航员将与中国同行合作执行联合任务。故答案为D。
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A.praise夸奖B.criticism批评C.comment评论D.substance（12）考查名词及语境理解。；；；物质。根据上句With Cristoforetti having laid some groundwork for可知克里斯托佛莱蒂为此奠定了一些基础，欧空局总干事约瑟夫•阿斯巴赫尔对她赞不绝口，并对太空探索的团结精神表示肯定。故答案为A。
B.divided分开C.united统一D.separated（13）考查动词及语境理解。A.conflicted冲突；；；分离。根据后文they fly around the Earth，they（16）boundaries，cultures，
religions and different divides可知他们环绕地球飞行，他们跨越国界、文化、宗教和不同的鸿沟。说明太空探索需要团结的精神。故答案为C。
（14）考查形容词及语境理解。A.vast巨大的；B.international国际的；C.individual个人的；D.limitless无限的。in space可知没有办法在太空根据下句There is no way to put a（15）中设定边界。说明太空是国际的。故答案为B。
A.boundary分界线B.extreme极端C.extent程度D.principle（15）考查名词及语境理解。；；；原则。根据下句they fly around the Earth，they（16）boundaries，cultures，
religions and different divides可知他们环绕地球飞行，他们跨越国界、文化、宗教和不同的鸿沟。说明太空是没有边界的。故答案为A。
B.cross穿过C.shorten缩短D.minimize（16）考查动词及语境理解。A.bridge缩小差距；；；最小化。根据后文they fly around the Earth，they（16）boundaries，cultures，religions and different divides可知他们环绕地球飞行，他们跨越国界、文化、宗教和不同的鸿沟。故答案为B。
（17）考查动词及语境理解。A.remember记住；B.remind提醒；C.trust相信；D.ignore忽略。根据下句Space is above everything可知我认为这是我们应该记住的事情：太空高于一切。故答案为A。
（18）考查连词及语境理解。A.Until直到；B.When何时；C.Upon关于；D.While尽管。虽然地球上的国家之间可能有许多问题，但在太空中，合作是必要的。前后句是转折关系。故答案为D。
（19）考查名词及语境理解。A.competitors竞争者；B.subjects科目；C.issues问题；D.opportunities机会。虽然地球上的国家之间可能有许多问题，但在太空中，合作是必要的。故答案为C。
A.related有关的B.weak虚弱的C.necessary必须D.typical（20）考查形容词及语境理解。；；；典型的。根据上句they（16）boundaries，cultures，religions and different divides可知他们跨越国界、文化、宗教和不同的鸿沟。说明虽然地球上的国家之间可能有许多问题，但在太空中，合作是必要的。故答案为C。
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了知欧洲航天局宇航员萨曼莎•克里斯托弗雷蒂在国际空间站的轨道上呆了五个半月后返回地球，她引用了四世纪诗人王羲之的《兰亭序》。
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完形填空题的命题趋势 解题步骤：
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。 3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。
41.【答案】【小题1】an
【小题2】having【小题3】with【小题4】created【小题5】effectively【小题6】it【小题7】to vote【小题8】explained【小题9】who/that【小题10】beliefs
【解析】（1）考查冠词。句意：在争论中很容易失去理智。分析句子，句中argument意为\"争论\"为名词，此处表示泛指，设空处应该使用冠词，argument的发音是元音音素开头。故填an。 （2）考查动名词。句意：虽然与持不同意见的人进行合理的对话似乎是一种挑战，但这是可能的。分析句子，设空处应该使用have的动名词形式having作让步状语从句的主语。故填having。
（3）考查介词。句意：一种方法是用理解来接近对方。分析句子，设空处应该使用介词与空后understanding构成介词短语，此处表示\"用\"介词使用with。故填with。
（4）考查过去分词。句意：同理心挑战是由耶鲁大学管理学院高级讲师佐伊•钱尼斯发起的一项练习。分析句子，句子谓语动词是is，句中没有连词，因此，设空处应该使用非谓语动词；结合句意分析可知，该非谓语动词在句中作后置定语，与被修饰词exercise之间为被动关系，应用过去分词。故填created。
（5）考查副词。句意：在耶鲁大学，钱尼斯教授一门名为\"掌握影响力和说服\"的课程，让学生学
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习有效沟通。分析句子，设空处修饰动词communicate，应该使用effective的副词effectively，意为\"有效地\"。故填effectively。
（6）考查代词。句意：在她的博客中，钱尼斯解释说，倾听那些不同意你的人是很重要的。分析句子，设空处应该使用it作形式主语，真正的主语为to listen。故填it。
（7）考查动词不定式。句意：由于她不明白为什么很多人更愿意投票给唐纳德特朗普，她找到了三个特朗普的选民，并与他们交谈。句中prefer to do为固定短语，意为\"更喜欢做某事\"。故填to vote。
（8）考查动词时态。句意：一名正统犹太人解释说，他支持川普是因为川普的女儿和女婿是犹太人。分析句子，设空为主句谓语动词，此处表示过去事实，故使用一般过去时。故填explained。
（9）考查定语从句。句意：第三位是一位律师，他认为诚实对政治领导人很重要。分析句子，设空处引导的是定语从句，先行词是lawyer，指人，在从句中作主语，故应使用关系代词who或者that。故填who/that。
（10）考查可数名词复数。句意：虽然钱尼斯和那些人有不同的政治信仰，但他们能够理解他人的人生价值观。分析句子，设空处应该使用名词作宾语。根据空前的different可知，此处belief应该使用复数形式。belief意为\"信念，信条\"，其复数为beliefs。故填beliefs。
本文是一篇说明文。文章通过讲述耶鲁大学管理学院高级讲师佐伊•钱尼斯发起的一项练习----同理心挑战，告诉读者虽然与持有不同意见的人进行理性对话似乎是一种挑战，但这是可能的。语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
42.【答案】【小题1】
Last year I had visited the historical university town of Cambridge.Everyone knows University of Cambridge is one of best universities in the world， few people know its unique system.It was different from what I had expected!31 colleges are in the town students live，study and use leisure .This is why，when to University of Cambridge，applicants take great care to select the right college for themselves.For visitors，many places are worth visiting.If you are enthusiastic∧ classics，I would recommend visiting museums as part of your trip.There is a museum for showing almost everything you can think of，including sciences，
art and classics.You would be able to bury in the academic atmosphere and appreciate the wonderful exhibits each museum offers. 详解：
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1.考查动词时态。句意：去年我参观了历史悠久的剑桥大学城。根据句中时间状语last year可知，句子应使用一般过去时。故删除had。
2.考查冠词。句意：人人都知道剑桥大学是世界上最好的大学之一，但很少有人知道它独特的体系。分析可知，此处应该使用定冠词the修饰最高级best。故a改为the。
3.考查连词。句意：人人都知道剑桥大学是世界上最好的大学之一，但很少有人知道它独特的体系。根据句意可知，前后文之间为转折关系，故and改为but。
4.考查定语从句关系词。句意：大学城内有31所学院，在这里学生居住、学习和使用休闲设施。分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为31 colleges，在从句中作地点状语，故应用关系副词where引导。故that改为where。
5.考查可数名词复数。句意：大学城内有31所学院，在这里学生居住、学习和使用休闲设施。facility\"设施\"为可数名词，结合语境可知，此处应用其复数形式表示泛指。故facility改为facilities。
6.考查现在分词。句意：这就是为什么在申请剑桥大学时，申请人会非常谨慎地为自己选择合适的学院。分析可知，applicants与apply之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故应使用现在分词作伴随状语。故applied改为applying。
7.考查固定短语。句意：如果你热衷于古典文学，我建议你把参观博物馆当作你旅行的一部分。be enthusiastic about...\"对……充满热情\"，为固定短语。故enthusiastic后加about。 8.考查过去分词。句意：这里有一个博物馆，几乎可以展示你能想到的一切，包括物理科学、艺术和经典。分析可知，design与其逻辑主语a museum之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故应使用过去分词作后置定语，表示\"被设计\"。故designing改为designed。
9.考查形容词。句意：这里有一个博物馆，几乎可以展示你能想到的一切，包括物理科学、艺术和经典。分析可知，此处应使用形容词作定语，修饰后文名词science，physical science\"自然科学\"。故physically改为physical。
10.考查反身代词。句意：你将能够沉浸在学术氛围中，欣赏每个博物馆提供的精彩展品。根据主语you可知，此处应用bury oneself in...\"使某人自己沉浸于......\"，故此处应该使用反身代词yourself。故you改为yourself。【小题2】略
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了去年作者参观剑桥大学城的所见所想。
短文改错时要注意以下几点：1.快速阅读，整体把握短文大意；2.重视语境以及上下文的关系；3.充分运用基础语言知识找出错误所在。
43.【答案】Dear Jack，
Knowing that Chinese winter necessities such as electric blankets and sleeping bags are very popular in European countries，I am glad to you for your interest in these
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items.【高分句型一】Here is something that I want to tell you.（感谢他对\"神器\"的喜爱） First，when using electric blankets，make sure you use them during the day.If you are using it at night，don't forget to turn it off to avoid causing a fire.Second，if the electric blanket is dirty，you can only use a brush to scrub，and do not use the hand rub in case of the hot wire broken.Third，do not smoke in bed when you are using electric blankets.【高分句型二】（介绍使用注意事项）
I sincerely hope my suggestions will be of great help to you.At the same time，I also welcome you to try other Chinese wearable sleeping bags，electric kettles，thermal underwear，etc.（欢迎他尝试其他中国保暖神器） Yours Li Hua
Knowing that Chinese winter necessities such as electric blankets 【解析】高分句型一：and sleeping bags are very popular in European countries，I am glad to you for your interest in these items.
翻译：知道中国的冬季必需品如电热毯和睡袋在欧洲国家很受欢迎，我很高兴你对这些物品感兴趣。
分析：本句使用了现在分词短语Knowing that Chinese winter necessities such as electric blankets and sleeping bags are very popular in European countries作原因状语。 高分句型二：Third，do not smoke in bed when you are using electric blankets. 翻译：第三，使用电热毯时不要在床上吸烟。 分析：本句使用了when引导的时间状语从句。
提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
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