18 非谓语动词（一）
非谓语动词是高考考查的最重要的内容之一。非谓语动词内容繁多，形式多样，很多学生深感头疼。其实，同学们只要从非谓语动词的作用与形式两个方面入手，非谓语动词的所有问题便可迎刃而解。
1． 非谓语动词的作用：非谓语动词可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。 作用 非谓语 不定式 √ 动名词 √ 分词 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 语 √ √ √ √ √
主宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 2． 非谓语动词的形式 形式 否定式 一般式 完成式 主动式 被动式 用法 在其前面加not等否定词 非谓语动词的动作与句子谓语动词的动作同时发生，或发生在其后 非谓语动词的动作发生在句子谓语动词的动作之前 非谓语动词的逻辑主语是非谓语动词动作的发出者 非谓语动词的逻辑主语是非谓语动词动作的承受者 考点一 非谓语动词作主语
1. 不定式和动名词作主语
不定式和动名词都能作主语，动名词作主语表示比较抽象的、一般的动作；不定式则多表示更具体的某一次的动作，尤其是将来的动作。
1. _________ to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future. （2019天津） A. Learn B. Learned C. Learning D. Having learned
【答案】C
【解析】这里是作主语，用动名词；表示一般动作，用一般式。
2. _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. （2018北京） A. Travel 【答案】B
【解析】这里是作主语，用动名词；表示一般动作，用一般式。
3．______ a new house is impossible for the young couple because they haven't saved enough money．(2016江苏)
A．Buy B．Buying C．Bought D．Having bought 【答案】B
【解析】这里是作主语，用动名词；表示一般动作，用一般式。
4. ______ the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. (2015安徽) A. Ignore 【答案】B
【解析】这里是作主语，用动名词；表示一般动作，用一般式。
5. ________ how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure. (2013浙江) A Hearing B Hear C Having heard D To be hearing 【答案】A
【解析】这里是动名词作主语。
6. ________ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. (2013福建) A. Known B. Having known C. Knowing 【答案】C
【解析】这里是动名词短语作主语。
7. He told us whether __________ a picnic was still under discussion. (2012四川) A. to have B. having C. have 【答案】A
【解析】这里是“疑问词(whether) + 不定式”在宾语从句中作主语。 2. it作形式主语
不定式作主语时，由于结构的需要，常用it作形式主语，而将不定式后置；动名词在个别结构中作主语时也可后置，主要有It’s no use/good/need doing sth.等。
1. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it’s better ______ silent. (2012浙江) A. remain B. be remaining C. having remained D. to remain
B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled
B. Ignoring C. Ignored D. Having ignored
D. Being known
D. had
【答案】D
【解析】不定式作主语后置，it是形式主语。
2. It’s no use ______ without taking action. (2011上海) A. complain 【答案】B
【解析】it’s no use后接动名词；complain是不及物动词，故用主动式。 3. The doctor thought ______ would be good for you to have a holiday. (2010 全国) A. this B. that C. one D. it 【答案】D
【解析】thought后是一个宾语从句，从句的真正主语是不定式的复合结构for you to have holiday，故用it作形式主语。
考点二 非谓语动词作宾语
不定式和动名词都能作宾语。要牢记哪些动词只能跟不定式作宾语，哪些动词只能跟不定式作宾语，哪些动词既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意思完全不同。 1. 不定式作宾语。
以下动词只能接不定式作宾语：afford, agree, aim, appear, apply, arrange, beg, claim, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, happen, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, remain, strive, tend, threaten, undertake, volunteer, want, wish等；动词decide, discover, discuss, explain, know, learn, show, tell, think, understand, wonder等常跟“疑问词 + 不定式”作宾语。
1. I can’t stand ____ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses ____ talking while she works. (2006北京) A．working; stopping B．to work; stopping C．working; to stop D．to work; to stop 【答案】C
【解析】stand后只能接动名词作宾语；refuse后只能接不定式作宾语。故选C。 2. 动名词作动词和介词的宾语
以下动词只能接动名词作宾语：admit, advise, allow, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, finish, forbid, imagine, keep, mind, miss, permit, practice, risk, stand, suggest, understand等。
1. The film star wears glasses. Therefore he can go shopping without ______. (2014北京) A. recognizing B. being recognized C. having recognized D. having been recognized 【答案】B
B. complaining C. being complained D. to be complained
【解析】介词wihtout后接动名词作宾语，逻辑主语与recognize之间是被动关系，故用动名词的不定式。 2. Young people may risk ________ deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 【答案】C
【解析】risk后接动名词作宾语，表示一般情况，故用一般式。 3. One learns a knowledge by making mistakes and ______ them. (2012北京) A. corrects B. correct C. to correct D. correcting 【答案】D
【解析】and连接两个并列的动名词作介词by的宾语。
4. Bill suggested __________ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. (2010上海) A. having held 【答案】C
【解析】suggest后只能接动名词作宾语；动名词动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之后，用一般式。 5. I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention __________ when we talked on the phone. （2010江西） A. to promote 【答案】B
【解析】mention后只能接动名词作宾语；动名词动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前，且与逻辑主语he之间是被动关系，故用动名词完成式的被动式。
3.有些动词和固定短语既可跟不定式又可跟动名词，但意思完全不同。
to do 记住做… to do 遗憾地要做… remember regret
doing 记得曾经做过… doing 后悔做了…
to do 忘了做… to do 尽力做… forget try
doing 忘记曾经做过… doing 试着做…
to do 企（意）图做… to do 停下正在做的事情去做另一件事 mean stop
doing 意味着… doing 意味着…
B. to hold C. holding D. hold
B. having been promoted C. having promoted D. to be promoted
to do 做完一件事接着做另一件事 go on doing 不停地做同一件事
1. After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on ________ all the people who had helped in her career. (2015陕西) A. to thank 【答案】A
【解析】获得奥斯卡最佳女配角奖之后，安妮.本尼迪科特接着感谢了所有在事业上帮助过她的人。这里表示做完一件事情接着做另一件事，应用go on to do。
2. I remembered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. (2012安徽) A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked 【答案】B
【解析】句意：我离开办公室的时候还记着要锁门，但是忘了关灯了。remember表示“记着要做某事”，后面要接不定式。
3. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried __________ alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home. （2010湖南） A. living B. to live 【答案】A
【解析】try后接动名词表示“试着做”，后接不定式表示“尽力做”。根据上句可知本句应为“她想试着独立生活”，故用动名词。 4. — Robert is indeed a wise man.
— Oh, yes. How often I have regretted __________ his advice. （2010 安徽） A. to take 【答案】D
【解析】regret后跟不定式表示“遗憾地……”， 跟动名词表示“后悔做了某事”，根据句意“后悔没有采纳你的建议” 可知，应用动名词的否定式。
4．不定式或动名词作宾语，后面还有宾语补足语时，不定式或动名词要后置，而在宾语的位置用it作形式宾语。
We feel _________ our duty to make our country a better place. (2011天津)
B. taking C. not to take
D. not taking
C. to be living
D. having lived
B. thanking C. having thanked
D. to have thanked
A. it B. this C. that D. one 【答案】A
【解析】it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语to make our country a better place。 巩固练习
1. _____ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. A. Known B. Having known C. Knowing 【答案】A
【解析】作主语，应用动名词；表示主动和一般情况，用一般式的主动式。
D. Being known
2. __________ felt funny watching myself on TV. A. One B. This C. It D. That 【答案】C
【解析】动名词短语watching myself on TV作主语后置，用it作形式主语。
3. The parents suggested __________ in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip. A. sleep 【答案】C
【解析】suggest后接动名词作宾语；动名词的动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之后，用一般式。
B. to sleep
C. sleeping
D. having slept
4. It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. __________ the answers ready will be of great help. A. To have had 【答案】D
【解析】这里是非谓语动词短语作主语，且表示一般情况，故用动名词的一般式。 5. _______ how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure. A. Hearing B. Hear C. Having heard D. To be hearing 【答案】A
【解析】作主语，应用动名词；表示一般情况，用一般式。 6. — Can I smoke here?
— Sorry. We don’t allow __________. A. people smoking 【答案】D
【解析】suggest后只能接动名词作宾语。
7. If you think that treating a woman well means always __________ her permission for things, think again. A. gets B. got 【答案】D
【解析】mean后既可接不定式也可接动名词作宾语，接不定式表示“意图，打算”，接动名词表示“意味着”；根据句意“如果你认为对女人好就意味着一切事情都得经她允许，那你再想想吧。”可知，应用动名词。 8. __________ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin. A. Exposed C. Being exposed 【答案】C
B. Having had C. Have D. Having
B. people smoke C. to smoke D. smoking
C. to get D. getting
B. Having exposed
D. After being exposed
【解析】这里是非谓语动词短语作主语，且逻辑主语skin与expose是被动的关系，故用动名词的被动式。 9. The two girls are so alike that strangers find ______ difficult to tell one from the other. A. it B. them C. her D. that 【答案】A
【解析】it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式to tell one from the other。
10. Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and to ruins, the city took on a new look. A. reducing B. reduced C. being reduced D. having reduced 【答案】C
【解析】and连接两个并列的动名词短语作after的宾语。The city和reduce之间是被动关系，故用动名词的被动式。
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