M2 U1 Grammar 现在完成时与现在完成进行时
对动词时态的考察一直都是高考热点，近年的命题总体上呈现由“能力立意”逐渐转向“情景立意”的趋势，即由考查固定句式中的时态，逐渐转向在具体的语境中考查动词的时态，突出了英语语法和情景交际互相运用的特点。在解题时，我们需要抓住题干中呈现出的“微小语境”来解题。
近年的高考试题中，对现在完成时与现在完成进行时的考察主要体现为通过所给语境来构成现在完成时所需要的条件，即“表示一个过去发生的动作在过去已经完成，并且这个过去发生并完成的动作对现在有影响或结果，同时说话强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果”，具体形式一般有两种，一种是给出与完成时态常惯用的提示词，如“for + 时间段”，“since + 时间”，“over + 时间”等，此类题目由于提示词很明显，学生在做题时有了“潜意识”，因为题目的正确率都较高。第二种是真正通过对话的形式，用上下文的语境提示出时态所需，这类题是同学们做题时需要特别注意的。 对现在完成时态的认识： 四个用法：
1 继续：从过去继续到现在的动作和状态
He has taught here since 1981。 他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教） 2 经验：过去某时某刻到现在的经验
I have been to Beijing twice. 我去过北京二次。 3 完成：现在刚完成的工作
I have just stopped reading. 我刚刚停止读书。(读书动作停止) 4 结果：做的某事的结果
I have opened the window. 我已经打开窗户了。 PS：表示曾经来过用 have been
比较：他已经到香港去了。He has gone to HongKong. 他曾去过香港。He has been to HongKong. 现在完成进行时
构成:have/has + been + 现在分词
用法主要体现在动作未结束,其持续的过程 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别
下面一句话同时用到现在完成时和现在完成进行时.即前者表示持续\"打扫\"状态，后者表示没完成\"打扫\"这个结果.
I’ve been cleaning the house but I still haven’t finished. 也就是说区别在于：现在完成进行时表示动作未结束,持续的过程.而现在完成时相对强调动作的结果或成就
a. My hands are very dirty. I’ve been painting the house.
b. I have painted the house green. The house was white, but now it’s green.
句a中painting动作一直在持续，活动还没有结束引发的状态是我的手很脏. 句b中painted动作已经结束，动作导致的结果是房间现在是绿色的了。
可能有人会问那现在完成也表示过去继续到现在,且仍未完成.也属于持续状态.我认为现在完成时和现在完成进行时都有＂继续＂这个用法，但是区别在于现在完成进行时
A small step makes a big difference. 1
具有感情色彩强调长久的意思.
We have been living here for nearly 20 years.
强调住的时间长．而如果用现在完成时就是陈述一下事实．其实语法有些是相通的，没有什么明显的界限．明显的界限就是完成时表示结束，完成进行表示持续． I have been drinking five cups of coffee this afternoon.(×)
翻译上句：我下午一直喝５杯咖啡．不和语意．所以现在完成进行时不能表示喝咖啡的次数，而只能用完成时，表示喝完５杯咖啡这个事实． 近三年高考真题赏析
1. — Look! Somebody __________ the sofa. 【2012江西卷】 — Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it. A．is cleaning B．was cleaning C．has cleaned D．had cleaned 2. — I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me? 【2012湖南卷】
— Sorry, I ____ the piano for years. A. don't play B. wasn't playing C. haven't played D. hadn't played 3. — Alvin, are you coming with us? 【2012浙江卷】 — I'd love to, but something unexpected _________.
A. has come up B. was coming up C. had come up D. would come up
4. The manager ______ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am. 【2012全国II】
A. has told B. is telling C. has been telling D. will have told
5. When Alice came to, she did not know how long she _________ there. 【2011全国卷】 A. had been lying B. has been lying C. was lying D. has lain 6. Tom in the library every night over the last three months. 【2011北京卷】 A. works B. worked C. has been working D. had been working 7. In the last few years thousands of films all over the world. 【2011天津卷】 A. have produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being produced
8. I’m sure you will do better in the test because you __________ so hard this year. 【2011上海春招】 A. studied B. had studied C. will study D. have been studying 9. — I didn’t ask for the name list. Why ______ on my desk? 【2011安徽卷】 — I put it there just now in case you needed it. A. does it land B. has it landed C. will it land D. had it landed
10. It is the most instructive lecture that I ___________ since I came to this school. 【2011湖南卷】
A. attended B. had attended C. am attending D. have attended
11. When you are home, give a call to let me know you ______ safely. 【2010全国Ⅰ】 A. are arriving B. have arrived C. had arrived D. will arrive
A small step makes a big difference. 2
12. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they ________before leaving their hometowns. 【2010福建】 A. promised B. were promised C. have promised D. have been promised
13. — We’ve spent too much money recently.
— Well, it isn’t surprising. Our friend and relatives _______around all the time 【2010安徽】
A. are coming B. had come C. were coming D. have been coming 14. I’m tired out. I ______ all afternoon and I don’t seem to have finished anything. 【2010湖南】
A. shopped B. have shopped C. had shopped D. have been shopping
15. Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she _____ since her marriage to Father. 【2010江西】
A shoulders B shouldered C is shouldering D has been shouldering
16. Up to now, the program _______ thousands of children who would otherwise have died. 【2010山东】
A. would save B. saves C. had saved D. has saved 17. We ________ on this project for four hours. Let’s have a rest. 【2010天津】 A. are working B. have been working C. worked D. had worked
18. — When shall we restart our business?
— Not until we ________ our plan. 【2010四川】
A. will finish B. are finishing C. are to finish D. have finished 19. — why, Jack, you look so tired!
— Well, I _____the house and I must finish the work tomorrow. 【2010江苏】 A. was painting B. will be painting C. have painted D. have been painting
20. I have to see the doctor because I ________ a lot lately. 【2010陕西】 A. have been coughing B. had coughed C. coughed D. cough
21. Joseph ______to evening classes since last month, but he still can’t say “What’s your name?” in Russian. 【2010辽宁】 A. has been going B. went C. goes D. has gone
22. — I’m sorry, but I don’t quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?
— Sorry, I ________ myself clear. We want to return on October 20. 【2010北京】 A. hadn’t made B. wouldn’t make C. don’t make D. haven’t made 23. — Why do you want to work for our company?
— This is the job that I ___________ for. 【2010重庆】
A small step makes a big difference. 3
A. looked B. am to look C. had looked D. have been looking
24. For many years, people ______electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted. 【2010浙江】
A. had dreamed of B. have dreamed of C. dreamed of D. dream of
1-5. CCACA 6-10. CBDBD 11-15. BDDDD 16-20. DBDDA 21-24. ADDB
A small step makes a big difference. 4
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