定语从句

一．概念

定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的句子 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成分

引导词：引导定语从句的词（引导定从、代替先行词、担当成分） 限定性定语从句 非限定性定语从句

Eg. 1. The students who don’t study hard will not pass the exam. 2. The woman whom you saw in the park is your English teacher. 3. A shoe shop is a shop which sells shoes.

4. The man who told us a funny story is in next room. 二．定语从句的引导词 引导词代替先行词在从句中做成分

引导词 that Which/as who whom whose When where why 先行词 人/物 物 人 人 …的 时间 地点 原因 所做的成分 主/宾 主/宾 主 宾 +n of which/whom 状语 介+which 状语 介+which 状语 介+which 注：引导词在从句中做宾语时可以省略 练习

1. A plane is a machine __________ can fly.

2. The car ________ my uncle bought last week was stolen. 3. The boy _______ I talked with in the park is tom. 改错：

1. The man just said hello to me is my chemistry teacher. 2. Egypt is a country who is famous for its pyramids.

3. This is the best dictionary which I have ever used. 三．只用that 不用which的情况

a)先行词是不定代词，如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等时，只用that，不用which。 All that is needed is a supply of oil.

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. b)先行词有the only, the very, the just,the last修饰时，只用that。 He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water. c)先行词为序数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。

The first English book that I read was \"The Prince and the Pauper\" by Mark Twin. d)先行词既有人，又有物时。

He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited.

e)当主句是以who 或which 开始的特殊疑问句时，用that 以避免重复。 Who is the person that is standing at the gate. f)关系代词在从句中做表语 He is not the man that he used to be.

g)当先行词被All, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时 He has little time that he can spare.

h)当定语从句为there be 句型时，关系代词只能用that,也可以省略 This is the fastest train that there is to Beijing. 练习：

1. The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle ________ were in the fields. 2. The wind blew down the tallest tress _______ is in front of our school gate. 3. This is the very thing _______ I was looking for. 四．特殊情况

1. 没有先行词时用“the one ”补齐

Is this the school ________ you visited yesterday? Is this school _________ you visited yesterday? 2. 判断引导词主要依据其在从句中的成分

I will remember the days __________ I lived on the farm.

I will remember the days __________ I spent on the farm. 3. 先行词是the way 时的情况

way作先行词，意为“方式、方法”等，引导词在从句中做状语，可用that/ n which 引导，也可不填。

This is the way (that) /in which I do such things. 五．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别： 1. 形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。 2. 语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用that.

3. 语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。 This is the book I like best.

Beijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years , is rich in cultural and historic relics.

4. 翻译时，限制性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为\"的\"字结构）；而非限制性定语从句可译为两句。

比较: He has a sister, who is a musician. He has a sister who is a musician.

引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用who, whom, whose , 指物时用which , whose; 关系副词when，where, why, etc. 六．总结: 定语从句的做题方法： 一．找出主句，确定先行词；

二．找出从句，判断先行词在从句中做什么成分，做主语、宾语——用关系代词；做状语，用关系副词

方法：从句是否完整(是否符合简单句的基本构成)——否，用关系代词；是，用关系副词。 课堂练习

1. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one

2. Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one

3. Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one

（2010•湖南省长沙市一中二模）4. If a shop has chairs _____ women can park their men, they will spend more time in the shop. a.that b. which c. when d. where

(2010•福建四地六校第三次联考)5. I don’t like the way________he often uses to speak to me.

in which b．how c．which d．What

(2009•苏州模拟)6.He didn’t put the things________they belonged，for________he got his punishment.

a．which；that b．what；this c．that；whose d．where；which

7．(2009•南京检测)John，________money is no problem，still leads a simple life. a．for whose b．of whose c．of whom d．for whom

8．(2009•南京检测)Nowadays，when people talk about magicians，the first one________comes into their mind is liu qian. a．whom b．which c．that d．what

1-8 ADBDADDC 定语从句专项练习

1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _______?

A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _______last month.

A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed

4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when

6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which

7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _______.

A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.

A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which

11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that

12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom

13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A. who B. who's C. which D. whose

14.I'm interested in ______you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which

15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as

16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as

17.He is good at English, ______we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what

18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.

A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I don't like ______ as you read.

A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels

20.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what

21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who

22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women. A. them B. which C. whom D. who

23.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it. A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who

24.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.

A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that

25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what

26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it

27.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.

A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when 28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong. A. which B. whose C. what D./

29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which

30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly. A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after

31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill. A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what

32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam. A.that B.which C.for which D.who 33.That is not the way ______I do it. A./ B.which C.for which D.with which

34.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.

A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which

35.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago. A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which

36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of them.

A. who B. which C. that D. it

37.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph. A. that B. which C. from that D. from which

38.He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done. A. that B. which C. who D. as

39. You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes. A. / B. why C. when D. whose

40. Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however, popular. A. that B. which C. it D. though

41. --- Did you ask the guard _______ happened? --- Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.

A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that

42. I shall never forget those years _______ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life.

A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which

43. The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing. A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are

44. During the days ________, he worked as a servant at the Browns. A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed 45. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it

46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _______ he could see _____ was going on inside house.

A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that 47. Is _______ some German friends visited last week?

A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where 48. John got beaten in the game, _______ had been expected.

A. as B. that C. what D. who

49. I have bought two ballpens, _______ writes well.

A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which 50. All that can be eaten _______ eaten up.

A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been

定于从句参考答案及解析:

1. A. which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。

2．C. \"和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。

3. D. where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 4. C. when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。

5．A. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。6．C. 解析同第5题。7. A. 解析见第3题。

8. A. 本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词。

9. A. “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。 10. A. with which是\"介词+关系代词\"结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有\"用\"的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen. 11. C. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在从句中作状语. 12. D. with whom引导定语从句.with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer.

13. D. whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语.

14. A. that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导.

15. D. the same……..as是固定用法, as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语.

16. D. such……… as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语.

17. B. as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语.

18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定语从句.with whom放在从句中为:I went to the concert with Li Ming.

19. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。 as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用such a……..,本题中such books, such直接修饰复数名词.

20. B. things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that.

21. D. who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语.

22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.

23. D. 先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略.

24. A. whose title引导非限制性定语从句,whose title也可以说成the title of which

25. A. for which 引导定语从句,使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语 be famous for \"以……..而闻名\".

26. C. 当先行词被such修饰时,引导定语从句的关系代词要用as. As在本从句中作主语. 27. A. 两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.

28. D. 在way、distance、direction等词后的定语从句中，常用that来代替“in (或其他介词)+which”、when或where，而that常可省略。

29. D. for which在定语从句中作原因状语,可用why 来替代. 30. B. which I have looked after 构成一个非限制性定语从句.

31. A. The reason why… was that….已成为一种固定句型，这一句中的why和that不能随意换位，也不能将that改成because，尽管that这个词在译文中可能有 “因为”的含义。 32. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义. 33. A. 解释见28题.

34. D. 主句中的two表明不能选A.从句中的are表明不能选B. both of which用来引导非限制性定语从句.

35. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。本题中as作从句的主语.

36. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义. 37. D. 38. D. 解析见35题.

39. A. he makes是定语从句, 从句前省略了关系代词that. 40. B. which is a bad habit 非限制性定语从句.

41. A. what happened是宾语从句. all 之后that he knew是定语从句.先行词是all,所以关系代词只能用that.

42. D. years是表示时间的名词,用when引导定语从句,是因为when在从句中作时间状语.第二个空选用which,引导一个非限制性定语从句.

43. C. 本句话的定语从句是who own cars. 其先行词是people,因此,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的own。本句话主句的主语是The number of指“…..的数目”，是单数概念。因此，主句的谓语动词要用is。

44. D. that followed是定语从句，关系代词that在从句中作主语。 45. A. 先行词gas被only修饰，关系代词要用that，而不用which。

46. B. through which引导定语从句，through which即through the hole,在定语从句中作状语。What引导的是see的宾语从句，并作从句的主语。

47. B. 为便于理解，改写本句话：This is the school that some Germanfriends visited last week. 不难看出，作表语的the school是先行词。that引导了定语从句，因为that同时又作visited的宾语，所以被省略了。其它选项结构不对。 48. A. 解释见35题。

49. C. 因为是two ballpens, 并且定语从句的谓语writes是单数概念。因此，C是正确选项。 50. B. 本句话中，主句的主语是all,为抽象概念。因此，其谓语应用单数的has been。关系代词that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。