定语从句
I.句子成分
英语句子的成分主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语。其中，主、谓、宾、表、补语是句子必不可少的成分，定语和状语是修饰成分，有时可以省略。
请标出下列句子的成分：
1. She cried.( )
2. She enjoyed pop music.( )其中pop是 语。 3. She is happy.
4. She gave me an interesting book.( )其中interesting是
语。 5. She made her parents happy.( ) II.定语
定语是修饰名词的句子成分。英语中的定语常由 形容词充当。定语常翻译为 „„的 。英语中的定语按位置可分为前置定语和后置定语。位于名词前面的定语叫前置定语，位于名词后面的定语叫后置定语。 请说出下列句子中的定语属于哪一种并把句子翻译成中文： 1. He is the tallest boy in our class. 2. The boy in our class is very tall. 3. The woman is wearing a red coat. 4. The woman in a red coat is my aunt.
5.The woman who is wearing a red coat is my aunt.
g纳：从上面的练习中，我们可以看出，英语中名词，形容词常作前置定语，介词短语，定语从句常作后置定语。
III.定语从句
The girl is his girlfriend.
The girl who he liked in the high school is his girlfriend. 先行词:定语从句修饰的名词叫先行词。
关系词：用来连接名词和定语从句的连接词。
关系词分两种： 一是关系代词(在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定语成分) 二是关系副词(在定语从句中担任状语成分) 关系词的三个功能：
1. 连接功能（连接先行词与定语从句）； 2. 替代功能（在定语从句中代替先行词）；
3. 担任功能（在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定、状语）。 找出先行词、关系代词、定语从句
She is an honest student who always finish homework. This is the car which he bought last year. 定语从句分为两种：限制性与非限制性。
先行词与关系词之间无逗号隔开为限制性；有逗号隔开则为非限制性。 非限制性定语从句一般不可用关系代词that引导。
唯一可以置于先行词之前的定语从句由关系代词as 引导。
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IV.引导词
引导词用法小结（将下面的表格补充完整） 关系词在句中作用 关系词 先行词所指 关系 代词 关系 副词 确定关系代词的步骤 1.先找先行词，
2.看先行词指的是人还是物。 3.看关系词在从句中充当的成分。
1.The person _______ is standing there is my teacher. 2.The man __________ gave you the talk yesterday is our teacher. 3.Liuxiang is the man _________ran the fastest
4.The boy_________________ the nurse is looking after is my friend. 5.I bought a car__________ cost little.
6.The car________________ is red was damaged yesterday.
7.The question_______________ I don’t understand is about grammar. 8. The car __________ I bought yesterday cost little.
9.. This school is the one _________ I studied ten years ago.
10. This is the little girl ___________ parents were killed in the 11. The house ________roof is brown is mine.
12. I will remember that day __________ I first came to Beijing. 13. There are several reasons _________ we can’t do that. 一． 关系代词who, whom 的用法
在定语从句中，who, that 指人时可以通用，但在下列情况下用who,而不用that.
1先行词是one, ones, anyone 指人时，宜用who. Anyone who laughs last laughs best.
2先行词为those指人 时，宜用who.
Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. 二．关系代词that, which 的用法
1 限定性定语从句中只用that 而不用which 的情况。 A）先行词有形容词最高级，序数词修饰时
This is the t the schools and teachers that he had visited. This is the first book _____ he has read.
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earthquake.
C) 先行词为all, much, few, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none 等不定代词时 I am sure she has something _____ you can borrow. I’ve read all the books _____ you lend me. B) 先行词既有人又有物时
He talked about something that will make you surprised. D) 先行词前面有the very, the only, 等词修饰时
This is the very room that I slept in that evening. This is the very book _____ belongs to him.
E) 有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词以用which,另一个宜用that
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before. 1. This is all ____ I know about the matter. 2. Is there anything _____ you want?
3. Finally, the thief handed everything_____ he had stolen to the police. 4.Which is the book _____ you bought last week?
5. Please take the second chair_______ is over there. 6. The last place _____ we visited was the Great Wall. 7.He did all / everything _______he could to help me. 8.This is the very thing _______ I am after.
9.We talked about the men and the things _______ we remembered at school. 10.He is the only man _______ can do the work. 11.This is the first thing _______ I want to say.
12.He is the finest man _______ I have ever worked with. 13.Who is the man _______ spoke to you at the gate. 14.Which is the star _______ is nearest to the earth. 2只用which不用that的情况： A) 引导非限定定语从句时
The fish, which I bought this morning, is very fresh. B）在限定性定语从句中，关系带词前有介词时
The book________ I bought yesterday is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix. The book，_________ l bought yesterday，is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix. This is the hotel in _____you will stay. This is my mother to_____you just talked . 单句改错：
1. This is the longest train which I have ever seen. 2. The radio I bought it last week has gone wrong.
3. It was a meeting that importance I didn't realize at that time
4. My father and Mr. Smith talked about things and persons who they remembered in the country. 5. The sun gives off light and warmth, that makes it possible for plants to grow. 6. I’ve read all the books which I borrowed from the library. 7. This is the best film which I have ever seen. 8. Everything which we saw was of great interest.
9. His dog, that was now very old, became ill and died. 10. Those who wants to go with me put up your hands.
11. Anyone who want to go to the film tonight write down your name there. 12. . The boy, his mother died last year, studies very hard.
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三关系副词的用法（where, when, why）：
1先行词指地点 分析定语从句成分
缺主语、宾语 用which \hat
缺状语 用 where=介词+which
This is the museum ___ I visited a few days ago. This is the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
（1）This is the house _________________ _ he used to live in.
This is the house __________________ he used to live. （2）I know of a place__________________ we can swim in.
I know of a place__________________ we can swim.
（3）This is the factory _____________ I visited last year. （4）This is the factory ______________ I worked last year.
（5）This is the factory ______________ produces all kinds of TV sets. (6 ) This is the factory _______ products are very good.
2 先行词指时间 分析定语从句成分
缺主语、宾语 用which \hat
缺状语 用 when=介词+which
I still remember the days ____ we spent together. I still remember the days _____ we worked together.
They’ll never forget July 1 _____ Hong Kong returned to its motherland. The days ______ we used foreign oil are gone forever. There was a time _____ the businessman lost heart.
Do you still remember the day ___________ we spent happily together?
Do you still remember the day ______we spent our holiday happily together? Do you still remember the day______ we went to visit the Summer Palace? 3 先行词指原因 分析定语从句成分
缺主语、宾语 用which \hat
缺状语 用 why= for which
Is this the reason _______ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work？ Is this the reason ____ he was late for school？ 小结:关系词的选择 1.找先行词
2.先行词在从句中作什么成分
（1）主语、宾语、表语、定语-----关系代词 状语------关系副词 （2）先行词前是否需要介词
要----关系副词 不要----关系代词 练习：
1. This is the museum _______ my mother worked 10 years ago. This is the museum _________ was built in 1950.
2 July 1, 1921 was the day ________ our Party was founded(成立).
July 1, 1921 was the day __________ we will not forget.
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3. I remember the days _________ I lived in my home town. I remember the days __________ I spent with my grandpa.
4. The house _______________ we’re going to visit was built a century ago. The house _________________ used to be a temple is a school now. The house _________ he used to live was flooded. 5.A bookstore is a place_________ you can get books. A bookstore is a place _________ books are sold. A bookstore is a place _____________ sell books.
6.The hotel _________ we stayed during our holiday stands by the seaside. The hotel ______________ stands by the seaside is quite comfortable. 7.The reason _______ he did it is not clear.
The reason ________ he gave to the teacher is unbelievable.
4当先行词为相对抽象的地点名词case，point, situation,scene,stage,condition等，并且在从句中作状语，关系词用where或in which.
Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases______beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 四 介词+关系代词
1. 当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用 which/that(指物), who/whom/that(指人)作从句中介词的宾语.而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。
Dad is a person________________ I can easily talk to.
Is this the play ___________ you were talking about just now?
2. 当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用whom(指人)或which(指物)，且关系代词不能省略。 如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”。 The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor. I can’t find the pen with which I was writing .
Do you know the lady with whom our manager is talking in the office? Where is the supermarket in which you bought the laptop last week?
▲注意:在介词+which/whom引导定语从句结构中，有时在其前可加名词，代词，数词等。如： The old man has three sons, all of whom are doctors.(整体的一部分或全部)
Last Sunday I bought several books from the bookstore, three of which were English novels.(整体的一部分或全部)
注意：all /some of +which/whom 表达全部或者一部分的量 He has two sons. Both of them are teachers.（他们俩都是教师）
He has two sons, both of _________ are teachers. （他们俩都是教师）
Here are the questions, some of ________ I think are difficult for you.（有一些） He has two sons, both of _________ are teachers. He has two sons, and both of _________ are teachers.
3. 介词的选用原则：
（1）根据定语从句谓语动词，形容词的习惯搭配来决定。 This is the book on which I spent 8 dollars. This is the book for which I paid 8 dollars.
The thing about/of which Mr. Smith was not sure was the young man’s honesty. (2) 根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。
I remember the day on which I joined the Party. I remember the days during which I lived there.
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用适当的介词补充完整下列定语从句。
1. I disagree with the facts ______ which your argument is based.
2. The song, ______ which he was interested, will never be heard again. 3. This is the reason ______ which he often comes to school late. 4. I want to find the very pen ______ which I wrote that letter.
5. They are the students ______ whom our teachers are thinking highly.
6. It is important to choose good friends ______ whom you can share your feelings and thoughts. 7. It will not be necessary to name the person ______ whom the card belongs.
8. I would always like to do business with those people ________ whom I can rely. 介词+关系代词的情况 练习
1. I will never forget the day ______ we studied together. 2. That was the pen ____________________he wrote the letter. 3. Do you like the book ____________________ she paid $10? 4. Do you like the book ____________________ she spent $10? 5. This is the hero ____________________ we are proud. 6. There are three things ________ she is not sure. 注意： 先行词是the way，意为“方式，方法”时，且在从句中做方式状语时，引导定语从句的关系词用that/ in which或省略。
I didn't like the way _______________she talked to me.
The way _________________he teaches English is interesting. I didn’t like the way____________ he told to me.
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非限制性定语从句
定语从句有时与先行词的关系不是十分密切，只是作附加说明，不起限制作用，这种从句被称为非限制性定语从句，往往用逗号把这类从句与主句分开。
She heard a terrible noise，which brought her heart into mouth. Holly，who is from Australia，is an old friend of mine. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：
Mr Smith，who came to see me yesterday，is one of my best friends.(非限制性定语从句) I will never forget the day when we worked together.(限制性定语从句) This is the best novel that I have ever read.(先行词是novel)
The novel，which I read last night，is very interesting.(先行词为novel)
The novel is very interesting，which makes me very glad.(先行词为“The novel is very interesting”)
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重要考点：
As和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句，which可以指代某个词或整个句子，位于句中，翻译为“这，这一点”。As可以指代整个句子，位于句首，句中，句末，翻译为“正如” 。常用的结构有as we know（众所周知）；as often happens（正如常发生的那样）；as is often the case（情况常常如此）; as we all can see（正如我们看到的）; be announced/expected/known/imagined/mentioned/said/shown/
He failed in the exam, _________ made his parents angry.
He seldom finishes his work on time,_________ always makes his boss very angry. Shenzhou VI was successfully launched, _______ many experts expected.
_______ is known to all, China is a country with the largest population.
定语从句改错
请找出下列各句中的错误并加以改正。
1. This is the factory where we visited last week. 2. The person to who you spoke is a student of Grade Two. 3. The house in that we live is very small.
4. The sun gives off light and warmth, that makes it possible for plants to grow. 5. I’ve read all the books which I borrowed from the library. 6. This is the best film which I have ever seen. 7. Everything which we saw was of great interest. 8. His dog, that was now very old, became ill and died. 9. Those who wants to go with me put up your hands. 10. The boy, his mother died last year, studies very hard. 11. I have two sisters, both of them are doctors.
定语从句语法填空基础训练
根据句意填入适当的关系词、介词、代词或所给词的适当形式： 1. I have a friend __________ has a good camera.
2. The man __________called today left this message for you. 3. The man to ___________you speak is our new teacher.
5. Do you work near the building __________ color is yellow? 6. Here is the girl ___________ school bag has been stolen.
7. The number of people ____________ lost homes reached as many as 250,000. 8. ___________ we know, more than 70 percent of the earth is covered with water. 9. He was in a traffic jam, ____________ made him late for school. 10. I don’t like the people ____________ lose their temper easily. 11. ---Which apple do you want?
---I want the biggest _____________ is on the plate.
12. She didn’t tell us the reason _____________ which she had given up the chance. 13. Who can think of a situation _____________ the idiom（俗语） is often used?
65. They are carrying some empty boxes _____________which these books will be placed.
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14. Bamboo grows best in the place ____________ it is warm and rains often. 15. Is this the factory ___________ you visited last month? 16. Is this the factory _____________ he worked 20 years ago?
17. Those _____________learn not only form books but also through practice will succeed. 18. Anyone _____________is against this opinion may speak out. 19. A room _______________ we do experiments is a lab.
20. They talked for about an hour of the things and persons _____________ they remembered. 21. _____________ is known to us all, the earth moves around the sun. 23. This is the very child ______________ parents were killed in the war.
24. The number of the visitors, ______________ we had expected, was well over 200. 26. The house ______________ roof was damaged has now been repaired.
27. In our school there are 1,000 students, 40 percent of _________ are girl students. 28. The stems of bamboo are hollow, which _____________ (make) them very light. 29. The magazine _____________which Betty paid one dollar was very good.
30. My mother has a house in New York, _____________ she bought three years ago. 31. We admired him for the way _____________ which he faced his difficulties. 32. ---What game is popular with them?
---The game _______________they like most is tennis.
33. Because of my poor memory, all ____________ you told me has been forgotten. 34. Please tell me the reason _______________ he explained for his being late.
35. Tom didn’t take away the camera because it was just the same camera ________ he lost last week. 36. October 1,1949 was the day __________ the People’s Republic of China was founded. 37. Could you tell me for _____________ you have bought this jacket? 38. He has a report on everything _____________ has been sold out.
39. He is a well-known poet about ___________ many articles have been written. 40. The house ___________ we saw at the foot of the hill was built a century ago.
41. The sun gives off light and warmth, ___________ makes it possible for plants to grow. 42. He must be from Africa, __________ can be seen from his skin.
43. Mr. Smith will never forget the days ____________ he spent with his students.
44. China has thousands of islands, ______________which Hainan Island is the largest. 45. That is the man ______________ house was burned down.
46. Sharon couldn’t come to the party, ______________ was a pity. 47. That is all ________ they need for the experiment.
48. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ________whom she could turn for help. 49. Nature, ________ gives supplies of food to every creature, is great. 50. He had to leave the city _________ he had lived for 10 years.
51. The man over there is her father____ ____ has just come from London.
52. You’d better look for your key in the place _________ we talked with each other just now. 53. This is the very book _________ interests me.
5. Who is the person __________ is talking about the accident __________ happened on Highway 104?
150. I shall never forget those days __________ I lived in the country with farmers, __________ has a great effect on my life.
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