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2017-2018学年高中英语 Module 1 British and American En

2022-11-21 来源:客趣旅游网
课时跟踪练(一) Introduction & Reading — Pre reading

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

Bright red post boxes, the Queen and queuing — what do they all have in common? They are all important parts of British life. At least I thought so.

However, the ability to queue for long periods of time, once believed to be a traditional characteristic of the British, is no longer tolerated by people in the UK, according to a survey done for British bank Barclays.

Once upon a time, queuing was seen as normal. During World War Ⅱ, everyone had to queue up to receive their daily supply of foods. In fact, if you didn’t stand up and wait in line with all the others, it was seen as uncivilized (不文明的).

The famous English double­decker buses, with only one entrance, might also help explain why queuing was seen as a part of British life. Almost always, there is a queue to get on.

But perhaps the British are tired of being pushed past by the Spanish, the Italians or the French as they queue up to get a table at a restaurant. The people of these other European countries have more than one entrance to their houses, which explains their more relaxed attitude to the queue.

Two minutes is now the longest time most British people are prepared to stand and wait. But could it be that the Internet, which allows us to carry out tasks quickly, is the main reason why British people are no longer prepared to queue?

“Used to buying without delay, customers are even giving up purchases rather than wait their turn,” says Stuart Neal of Barclaycard. “Shoppers are also less likely to queue for long if the item they are buying is of low value.”

Perhaps I will have to replace “queuing” with “impatience” in my list of things I relate to the British.

语篇解读:英国人一向以绅士风度而著称,排队等候也曾一度是英国特有的景象。然而随着高科技的发展,网络的便捷却使英国人渐渐失去了耐心,有时候顾客宁愿放弃购买东西也不愿意排队等候,他们最长的等候时间是两分钟。

1.What can we learn about the tradition of queuing in Britain? A.It was a product of the slow pace of life. B.It was a long time tradition as old as the Queen.

C.It was considered as a symbol of a civilized behavior. D.It has made the British different from other Europeans.

解析:选C 推理判断题。文章第三段介绍“if you didn’t stand up and wait in line with all the others, it was seen as uncivilized (不文明的).”如果人们不排队,那么会被看作是不文明的,由此推断在英国排队等候是文明行为。

2.According to the passage, the British gradually stopped queuing because________.

A.they prefer shopping online

B.they follow the example of foreigners C.British buses have more than one entrance D.the Internet has changed their way of life

解析:选D 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段提出“could it be that the Internet, which allows us to carry out ...”和倒数第二段“Used to buying without delay”可推断,人们习惯了网上购物的便捷,因此在生活中对排队等候这种事情变得不再有耐心,因此可以说是网络改变了人们的生活方式。

3.It can be learned from the text that________. A.the British get impatient with queuing for long B.the British have to queue to receive food C.the British like to eat in foreign restaurants D.the British prefer to take double­decker buses

解析:选A 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“Two minutes is now the longest time most British people are prepared to stand and wait.”和倒数第二段“Shoppers are also less likely to queue for long ...”可知,英国人对长时间排队已经变得不再有耐心。

4.The author’s main purpose of writing the passage is________. A.to tell us the influence of the Internet on the British ways of life B.to compare the cultural differences between Britain and other countries C.to talk about the changes in the attitude to queuing in Britain D.to report his research on the British ways of life

解析:选C 写作意图题。作者在文章开头提出queuing和女王一样是英国典型的一种现象,然后在第二段话题一转,提到原属于英国人传统的这一特点却不复存在了,然后对这种变化展开分析,最后用“Perhaps I will have to replace ’queuing’ with ’impatience’ in my list of things I relate to the British.”来照应开头,起到首尾呼应的作用,由此可知文章中心内容就是谈论英国人对于排队等候态度的转变。

B

British English and American English are almost the same. But there are slight differences between British and American English in vocabulary, pronunciation, spelling and grammar.

The first difference between British and American English is in vocabulary. Almost all of the words used in British English and American English are exactly the same. Only a very small number of words are used disparately. For example, Americans would say “apartment”, but the British would say “flat” to talk about the place where they live. In addition to some common words, many idiomatic(惯用的) expressions are different. In England people might say “I’ll ring you up tonight”, but in the US, people might say “I’ll call you up tonight”.

The second difference between British and American English is in pronunciation. The main difference in pronunciation concerns the vowels (元音). Some American dialects and some British dialects use vowels in different ways. Sometimes, Americans and the British don’t understand each other’s pronunciation. But most of the time, the British and Americans do understand each other’s pronunciation because most of the sounds of the two dialects are the same.

The third difference is very small. This is the difference in spelling. A few types of words are spelled differently in British and American English. The most common example is in a word like “center”. In British English, this word would be spelled C­E­N­T­R­E, while in American English the same word would be spelled C­E­N­T­E­R. Another example is “or” vs “our”. The word “color”is spelled C­O­L­O­U­R in Britain but C­O­L­O­R in the US.

There are a few differences in grammar, too. The British may say “Have you got ...?” while Americans prefer “Do you have ...?” An American might say “my friend just arrived”, but a British would say “my friend has just arrived”. Sometimes function words are used differently: the British may say “at the weekend”, but Americans would say “on the weekend”.

语篇解读:本文是一篇关于英美英语差异的文章。 5.What is this passage mainly about? A.The development of American English.

B.Differences between British and American English. C.The influences of British English on American English.

D.The causes of the differences between British and American English.

解析:选B 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知文章是关于英美英语差异的。 6.What does the underlined word “disparately” in Paragraph 2 mean? A.Frequently. C.Eventually.

B.Regularly. D.Differently.

解析:选D 词义猜测题。根据该词前面的“words used in British English and American English are exactly the same. Only a very small number of words are used disparately.”可知disparately应该与same意思相反。

7. According to Paragraph 3, Americans and the British may find it hard to understand each other because of________.

A.the different ways of using vowels

B.the different idiomatic expressions they use C.the differences in grammar D.the differences in spelling

解析:选A 细节理解题。根据第三段“The main difference in pronunciation concerns the vowels (元音).”可知答案为A。

8.Which of the following words probably belong to the American English vocabulary?

a. flavour b. theater c. humor d. centre e. kilometer f. honour g. color A.abce C.bceg

B.bcde D.defg

解析:选C 细节理解题。根据文章第四段关于拼写的差异,可知是C。

C

Towards the end of Middle English, a sudden change in pronunciation started, with vowels (元音) being pronounced shorter and shorter. From the 16th century the British had contact (接触) with many people from around the world. This meant that lots of new vocabulary entered the language. The invention of printing also meant that there was now a common language in print. Books became cheaper and more people learned to read. Spelling and grammar became fixed, and the dialect of London became the standard. In 1604 the first English dictionary came out.

Early Modern English and Late Modern English are mostly different in the number of words. Late Modern English has many more words, mainly because of the following two reasons: First, the Industrial Revolution (工业革命) led to the need for new words. Second, the British Empire covered one quarter of the earth’s surface, and the English language took in foreign words from many countries.

From around 1600, the English colonization (殖民地化) of North America led to

American English. Some English pronunciations and words “froze” when they reached America. In some ways, American English is more like the English of Shakespeare than modern British English. Some expressions that are called “American English” are in fact from British expressions. They were kept in the colonies while lost for a time in Britain. Spanish also had an influence (影响) on American English. For example, words like canyon, ranch, stampede and vigilante are from Spanish. They entered English by the people of Spain who settled in the American West. French words and West African words also influenced American English.

Today, American English has a greater influence, because of the USA’s movies, television, popular music, trade and technology.

语篇解读:本文主要介绍了英语的一些历史,印刷术等的发明使英语的语法等逐渐确定下来,英国的工业革命和殖民让英语增加了很多新的词汇和收入了很多外来词汇,西班牙语等对美式英语发展影响很大。如今,美式英语影响更广泛。

9.The main difference between Early and Late Modern English lies in________. A.vocabulary C.spelling

B.pronunciation D.grammar

解析:选A 细节理解题。由第二段的第一句可知,早期现代英语与晚期现代英语的主要区别是词汇。故选A。

10.What helped to increase the vocabulary of Late Modern English? a.the invention of printing b.the Industrial Revolution c.the colonization

d.the contact with other countries A.a, b, c C.a, b, d

B.a, c, d D.b, c, d

解析:选D 细节理解题。由第一段的“The invention of printing also meant that there was now a common language in print ...”可以看出印刷术的发明使得书面语流行起来,并未增加英语词汇。第二段讲了英国的工业革命和全球的殖民增加了英语的词汇。倒数第二段介绍了英语吸收了很多国家的词汇。故选D。

11.From the passage, we can learn the word “canyon” is from________. A.American dialect C.Spanish

B.African dialect D.French

解析:选C 细节理解题。由倒数第二段“Spanish also had an influence (影响) on American English. For example, words like canyon, ranch ...”可知:西班牙语也影

响了美式英语,例如,像canyon, ranch这些词来自西班牙。故选C。

Ⅱ.阅读七选五

All over the world people enjoy sports. Sports help to keep people healthy and happy, and to live longer.

__1__ They buy tickets or turn on their TVs to watch the games. Often they get very excited when their player or team wins.

__2__ Football, for example, has spread around the world. Swimming is popular in all countries near the sea or in those with many rivers. What fun it is to jump into a pool or lake, whether in China, Egypt or Italy! __3__Think how many lovers to skate or ski in Japan, Norway or Canada.

Some sports or games go back thousands of years, like running or jumping. Chinese

wushu, for example, has a very long history. But basketball and volleyball are rather

new. Neither one is a hundred years old yet. __4__ Water­skiing is one of the newest in the family of sports.

People from different countries may not be able to understand each other, but after a game together they often become good friends. __5__ One learns to fight hard but fight fair, to win without pride and to lose with grace.

A.And think of people in cold countries. B.Sports help to train a person’s character.

C.Not a few people participate in different sports competitions themselves. D.Many people like to watch others play games. E.People aren’t inventing new sports or games.

F.Some sports are so interesting that people everywhere take part in them. G.People are inventing new sports or games all the time. 答案:1~5 DFAGB

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