一、date back to 英 [deɪt] 美 [deɪt]
追溯到……
常见用法：
1．动词+～
advance the date 提前日期
bear the date 注明日期
break the date 不遵守约定
bring forward the date 提前日期
…
2．形容词+～
closing date 截止日期
early date 早期
fixed date 固定的日期
future date 将来的日期
3.
介词+～
from that date 从那时起
}
on a certain date 在某一日期
out of date 过时的
to date 到目前为止
例句：
All the objects are from the same excavation site in Sanxingdui and can be dated back to between 3,000 and 5,000 years ago.
所有的物品都来自于三星堆的一个挖掘点，时间可以追溯到3000到5000年前。
date back to＝date from
因追溯是从现在算起指向过去，所以这个短语常用一般现在时。
This custom dates back to the 16th century.
这风俗起源于16世纪。
>
This is an old building dating back to/dating from the 16th century.
这是一栋追溯至16世纪的古老建筑物。
练习：
1.英译汉My interest in stamp collecting dates back to/from my schooldays.
day a number of tourists take pictures in front of the tower，which ________ as early as 800 years ago.
A．dates back to B．is dated back
C．dates back from D．was dated from
答案：
1.我从学生时代就开始爱好集邮。
;
2.选A。短语date back to 相当于date from，意为“追溯到，始于”。两者通常与过去的时间状语连用，但多用于一般现在时，且一般不用于被动语态。句意：每天都有许多游客在这座可追溯到800年前的塔前拍照。
二、assume 英 [ə'sjuːm] 美 [ə'suːm] v． 假定；设想；假装；承担
常见用法：
1．用作动词 (v.)
～+名词
assume a leading position 担任领导职务
：
assume a look of surprise 装出吃惊的样子
assume the right 夺取权力
2．～+副词
assume baselessly 毫无根据地认为
assume falsely 错误地认为
assume groundlessly 毫无根据地认为
assume hastily 匆忙地认为
3．`
4．assume that 认为
例句：
So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves，regardless of the cold.
因此我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。
(牛津P104)It is reasonable to assume that the economy will continue to improve.
认为经济继续好转是有道理的。
(牛津P104)Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds.
咱们暂时假设计划成功。
(牛津P104)It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.
普遍认为，紧张是工作过重所致。
!
Assuming that the proposal is accepted，when are we going to get the money
假定这个建议被采纳，我们什么时候能拿到钱
练习：
1.英译汉
A lot of people make the assumption that poverty only exists in the Third World.
all can go out for a picnic this afternoon－________that the others agree.
A．to assume B．assumed
C．assume D．assuming
答案：
1.许多人认为贫困仅仅存在于第三世界。
*
2.选D。assuming that...“假定……”。类似表达有：providing/supposing (that)．..。
三、interrupt
英 [ˌɪntə'rʌpt] 美 [ˌɪntə'rʌpt]
v.打断；打扰；中断；阻碍
n.[计算机]中断
常见用法：
1．$
2．～+名词
interrupt the path 阻断道路
interrupt sb's speech 打断某人讲话
interrupt traffic 中断交通
interrupt the view 遮住视线
3．～+副词
interrupt abruptly 突然地打断
！
interrupt constantly 不时地打断
interrupt earnestly 认真地打断
interrupt frequently 频繁地打断
4．～+介词
be interrupted by 被…打断〔阻断〕
interrupt sb in his talk 打断某人的话
interrupt with 打断
例句：
；
(牛津P1069)Sorry to interrupt，but there is someone to see you.
对不起打扰一下，有人要见你。
(牛津P1069)They were interrupted by a knock at the door.
他们被敲门声打断了。
It’s bad manners to interrupt others when they are talking.
打断别人谈话是没礼貌的。
Let’s go somewhere where we can talk without interruption.
我们去找个说话不受打扰的地方吧练习：
1.英译汉
I’m sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here
~
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(打断别人是没有礼貌的)while they are having a conversation.
答案：
1.对不起，打断了你的讲话，请问他们怎么能够住在这个地方呢
is bad manners to interrupt others
四、significance 英 [sɪɡ'nɪfɪkəns] 美 [sɪɡ'nɪfɪkəns]
n． 意义；意思；重要性；重要意义
@
常见用法：
1．介词+～
in its true significance 在真正意义上
a matter of significance 重大事情
2．形容词+～
commercial〔historical〕 significance 商业〔历史〕意义
great〔little〕 significance 重大〔无关紧要〕的事
；
practical significance 现实意义
3．动词+～
acquire〔attain〕 significance 获得更广泛的意义
attach significance to 赋予…以意义
explain significance 说明意义
realize the full significance of 认识到…的全部意义
例句：
!
(牛津P1866)The new drug has great significance for the treatment of the disease.
这种新药对于这种病的治疗有重大意义。
(牛津P1866)She couldn’t grasp the full significance of what he had said.
她未能充分领会他那番话的意思。
Their change of plan is strange but I don’t think it’s significant.
他们改变了计划十分奇怪，但我觉得没什么意义。
His university was aware of the significance of his work.
他所在的大学知道他的工作的重要性。
,
练习：
1.英译汉It is a matter of great significance.
later________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(我们意识到真正意义)of his remark.
答案：
1.这是一个非常重要的问题。
we realize the true significance
#
五、arrest 英 [ə'rest] 美 [ə'rest]
n． 逮捕；拘留 vt. 逮捕；吸引
常见用法：
1．～+名词
arrest sb's attention 引起某人的注意
arrest the bandit 逮捕匪徒
【
arrest sb's eye 惹人注目
2．～+副词
arrest abruptly 突然逮捕
arrest arbitrarily 任意逮捕
arrest capriciously 任意逮捕
3．～+介词
;
arrest for high treason 因叛国罪逮捕
arrest on a charge of 指控犯…罪而逮捕
arrest on suspicion 作为嫌疑犯逮捕
例句：
(牛津P92)A man has been arrested in connection with the robbery.
一名男子因与这桩抢劫案有关已被逮捕。
(牛津P92)You could get arrested for doing that.
你干那种事可能要遭逮捕。
Fifteen persons were under arrest because of the serious violence.
\\
由于暴乱十五人被捕。
The beautiful sunset arrested our attention，and we stopped to watch it.
美丽的日落吸引了我们的注意力，我们停下来观看。
练习：
1.英译汉She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.
is reported that the agent was________for carrying a false passport.
A．arrested B．accused
C．charged D．suspected
答案：
\\
1.快到目的地的时候，一阵香气扑鼻，她停下来，不往前走了。
2.选A。句意：据报道那个代理商因使用假护照而被捕。be arrested for因……被逮捕；be accused of因……被指控；be charged with被控告……；be suspected of被怀疑……。
六、regardless of[ri'ɡɑ:dlis] 不管；不顾(侧重指不计后果和代价)
常见用法：
1．regardless of expense 不考虑费用
2．regardless of the consequence 不顾后果
3．*
4．[易混辨析]
regardless of，despite，in spite of
(1)regardless of...强调不认为……重要，从而不加以重视或考虑，而despite和in spite of有“尽管……但是”之意。
(2)regardless of 后可接whether，what引导的从句，而in spite of和despite后不可接从句。
例句：
(牛津P1671)The club welcomes all new members regardless of age.
俱乐部对所有新成员不分年龄一律欢迎。
He says what he thinks，regardless of other people’s feelings.
他怎么想就怎么说，不考虑别人的感受。
:
(2009年高考上海卷)Despite the high mountains and thick forests，the doctors and nurses rushed to the scene of the accident for the rescue.
尽管山高林密，医护人员还是迅速地赶到出事地点，实施援救。
练习：
1.英译汉All our proposals were rejected regardless of their value.
2.(2009年高考江苏卷)This special school accepts all disabled students，________educational level and background.
A．according to B．regardless of
C．in addition to D．in terms of
答案：
$
1.我们所有的建议都遭到拒绝不管它们的价值如何。
2.选B。句意：这所特殊学校接受所有有残疾的孩子，不管其教育水平和背景如何。regardless“不管，无论”，符合题意。according to“根据”；in addition to“除……之外”；in terms of“从……方面来说”。
七、alternative [ɔ:l'tə:nətiv]n. 可能的选择 adj. 供选择的；其他的
常见用法：
1．用作形容词 (adj.)
～+名词
。
alternative press 非正统性报业
alternative theater 另类剧
2．用作名词 (n.)
动词+～
adopt the alternative 采取选择
face with two alternatives 面临两种选择
find an alternative 找到可供选择的办法
propose an alternative 提出一种选择〔办法〕
;
3．形容词+～
other alternatives 其他办法
practicable alternatives 可行的选择
several alternatives 好几个选择对象
viable alternatives 可行的选择
例句：
Can you think of the alternatives we would use today
你能想到我们今天可供利用的办法吗
(牛津P56)You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly；those are the two alternatives.
你的工资可以按周以现金支取，或按月以支票支取。二者可选其一。
(牛津P56)We had no alternative but to fire him.
我们别无他法，只有辞退他。
练习：
1.英译汉The way was blocked，so we went by an alternative road.
2.(2009年高考湖北卷)As there is less and less coal and oil，scientists are exploring new ways of making use of________energy，such as sunlight，wind and water for power and fuel.
A．primary B．alternative
C．instant D．unique
答案：
1.那条路被堵住了，所以我们走了另一条路。
2.选B。句意：由于煤和燃油越来越少，科学家们正在探索新的方法使用替代能源，像阳光，风和水等。primary“首要的，初期的”；instant“立即的，迅速的”；unique“独特的”；alternative“可选择的，可替代的”。
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