2022届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解专项训练(十八)

★A

阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案. New research suggests that a brain protein（蛋白质） that has changed form may be the cause of brain disorders -- including Alzheimer's Disease（阿兹海默老年痴呆症）. Researchers say they have developed a treatment that may cause the protein to return to its original form, preventing the disease from developing or reversing （逆转）the effects of the damage in people who already suffer from Alzheimer's. Researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts,

found that the shape of the protein -- which is called \"tau\" -- is changed by severe injuries to the brain. The scientists say when people are hit in the head many times, they develop a condition called chronic traumatic encephalopathy（慢性脑部疾病）, or CTE.

CTE develops in soldiers with head injuries. People who play American football also suffer from CTE after being hit in the head many times. The memory, judgment and ability to function are affected in people with CTE.

The researchers recently published an article about their findings in the journal Nature. Mr. Pascual-Leone and his colleagues reported that they had developed a treatment that returns the damaged tau to its original, undamaged form. He says it might be possible to use the treatment to stop the development of Alzheimer's Disease. And he suggests it could also slow the loss of brain function in people who already have the disease.

Scientists discovered the tau in mice that suffered brain injuries began changing form in as little as 12 hours after the mice were hit in the head.

Researchers hope to develop a blood test or use machines that can see into the brain to help them identify changed tau. Early identification of the problem in people with brain injury could help doctors treat them quickly and stop the tau from changing.

1. The new treatment developed by the researchers can_____________. A . change the form of a brain protein B . cause the brain to be disordered C . make people suffer from Alzheimer D . make the protein return to its original form

2. What may happen if people are hit many times in the head? A . The brain will be damaged.

B . The shape of the protein \"tau\" will be changed. C . People will suffer from Alzheimer.

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2022届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解专项训练（十八）

D . The effects of the damage will be reversed.

3. Which of the following sports will be free of developing CTE? A . American football. B . Boxing. C . Motorcycling. D . Playing chess.

4. Which of the following statements is correct about the treatment? A . It can discover the brain protein tau in people’s head. B . It can identify changed tau in people’s brain. C . It can stop the development of Alzheimer's disease. D . It can help people with Alzheimer's disease to go home. 5. The best title for this passage should be___________. A . The hope of people with Alzheimer's disease

B . A new treatment to prevent, reverse Alzheimer's disease C. The earlier the identification is, the better for Alzheimer's disease D . The harder hit on the head, the worse the disease will be

★B

阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案. Every day, people come into contact with thousands of chemicals(化学品).

These chemicals are said to be harmless to human health. In fact, the chemicals are considered so safe that we wash with them. We put them on our bodies and even our faces. Other chemical products are used throughout our homes.

On its own, each chemical seems harmless. But in combination with other chemicals, they may become deadly. That is the finding of a two-year study by a group of scientists. The group was told to investigate the cancer-causing possibility of chemical mixtures.

Linda Gulliver was one of 174 scientists on the group. Their job was to study the cancer-causing possibility of 85 chemicals. All 85 are said to be common in the environment.

Ms. Gulliver explains that chemicals have the ability, to form dangerous mixtures. Even simple minerals can become dangerous when mixed with chemicals found in plastics or beauty products.

Working in groups, the scientists explored how different chemical mixtures could lead to cancer. Ms. Gulliver's team looked at the ability of different combinations to support the increase of malignant(恶性) human cells. She says the current way to

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2022届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解专项训练（十八）

identify whether chemicals cause cancer is to test them one at a time. This method

leads to a long list of supposedly \"safe\" chemicals. She and her team say that approach needs to change.

\"We definitely need certain research ... to find out what mixtures of chemicals would be more harmful than others; what groups of chemicals, when together, would produce more harmful effects. And at the moment, that is not known.\"

An estimated one in five cancers has been linked to chemical exposure. It may turn out that the cancer-causing villain (罪魁恶首)is not a single chemical at all. The villain could be a deadly combination. The increase of risk to cancer could be from exposure to many chemical compounds at the same time. 1. Why do people use chemicals on their bodies? A . Because there are thousands of them. B . Because they think they are harmless. C . Because they need to wash themselves. D . Because they use them only at home.

2. The underlined word ‘investigate’ in paragraph 2 probably means____________. A . remove B . consider C . study D . discuss

3. In what condition will common chemicals become dangerous? A . When they mix with other chemicals. B . When they have the ability. C . When they are found in plastics. D . When they are among the 85 chemicals.

4. Which was the one of the particular tasks of Ms. Gulliver’s team?

A . To find which combinations support the increase of malignant human cells. B . To find how the chemicals combine into dangerous mixtures. C . To find out the long list of safe chemicals.

D .To find the current way to identify whether chemicals cause cancer.D 5. The cancer-causing villain is a chemical combination____________. A .which is linked to chemical exposure B .which turns out to be single chemical C . which is the compound of many chemicals

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2022届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解专项训练（十八）

D . which produces harmful effect

★C

阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案. The World Health Organization says the use of surgical childbirth is growing

worldwide. Surgical childbirth is when a woman gives birth with the help of a surgical(外科的) operation, also called a Caesarean section. WHO officials say the operation is becoming especially popular in what they call high- and middle-income countries.

Doctors may advise a Caesarean birth, known as a C-section, when normal childbirth would put the health of the mother or the baby at risk. But the United Nations agency says it is concerned about the possible abuse (滥用)of this life-saving surgery.

The World Health Organization is a strong supporter of Caesarean sections when they are justified (证明…正当)medically. The WHO notes that such operations can save lives. But it says mothers and their babies are put at risk of health problems when a Caesarean section is performed without a medical need.

Since 1985, health experts have set what they call the ideal rate for C-sections at between 10 and 15 percent of all births. New studies show when the rates go below 10 percent, more mothers and babies die because they are unable to get this life-saving treatment. These findings are confirmed by estimates from Africa. They show a link between low C-section numbers and high mortality(死亡率) rates during childbirth. Yet studies show there is no evidence that death rates improve when the rate rises above 10 percent. In fact, Caesarean sections sometimes can have serious effects on the mother and her child.

Marleen Temmerman is the director of the WHO's Department of Reproductive Health and Research. She says that a C-section is generally a safe operation. But, she adds, health risks do exist. Dr. Temmerman is concerned about the increase in the number of unnecessary Caesarean sections being performed in both developed and developing countries.

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that in 2013, 2,642,892 women gave birth naturally. That same year, 1,284,339 women chose a Caesarean section. The percentage of all U.S. births by C-section was 32.7%. 1. The trend in childbirth in the world now is__________. A . normal childbirth B . safe operation C . surgical operation D . natural birth

2. Under what condition would the doctors suggest a C-section?

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2022届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解专项训练（十八）

A . When there is danger for both mother and baby. B . When they are trying to risk both mother and baby’s life. C . When they are concerned about the life-saving surgery. D . Whey there is possible abuse of life-saving surgery.

3. Which of the following statements is correct about the rate for C-section? A . Health experts suggest above 15 percent childbirths be given in this way. B . Less than 10 percent mothers or babies die when given life-saving treatment. C . The higher the C-section numbers, the lower mortality rates during childbirth. D . It is normal when 10 to 15 percent childbirths are performed in this way. 4. What is Marleen Tmmerman mostly worried about? A . Reproductive health and research. B . The existence of risks. C . Unnecessary use of C-sections. D . The safety of C-sections. 5. The attitude of the author is_________. A . subjective B . objective C . critical D . suspicious

★D

阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案. A United Nations official says nearly 95 percent of African children living

with AIDS do not have a way to get treatment for the disease.

Michel Sidibe is executive(行政的) director of the Joint UN Programme on HIV/AIDS. Researchers have shown that infection with HIV, the human immunodeficiency(免疫缺陷) virus, leads to development of the disease.

Mr. Sidibe spoke Tuesday during a visit to Cameroon. There, people living with AIDS reported shortages of antiretroviral (抗逆转录病毒)drugs.

The UN official said that more than 90 percent of the three million children infected with AIDS live in African countries south of the Sahara. Patients living with AIDS in sub-Sarahan Africa often do not have access to medical treatment.

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2022届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解专项训练（十八）

\"We need to think about treatment for children. This is really a major challenge

for me because it is a forgotten phase,\" Mr. Sidibe said. He added that only six percent of children living with AIDS in Africa have access to treatment.

UNAIDS reported that only 24 percent of children worldwide needing antiretroviral treatment received it in 2013. That same year, 190,000 children died of the disease.

Mr. Sidibe said many people with AIDS die in silence. In many places in Africa, talking about the disease remains a taboo(禁忌) subject – something that should not be discussed.

Minyim Jean has been living with AIDS for 15 years. He says it is very difficult to get complete treatment for the disease. Some medical supplies are not always available. Some doctors even change treatment for some patients because they do not have enough supplies.

UNAIDS research shows that sub-Saharan Africa has the most serious problem with HIV and AIDS in the world. The disease has had major social and economic effects on the area. Twenty-five million people with AIDS live in sub-Saharan Africa. That represents about 70 percent of all cases.

1. From the passage we know a person infected with HIV will possibly develop_________. A . AIDS B . deficiency C . virus D . disease

2. What do the children with AIDS need for their disease? A . immunodeficiency virus B . a United Nations official C . an executive director D . antiretroviral drugs

3. The underlined word “phase” in paragraph 5 probably means___________. A . period B . place C . situation D . aspect

4. Why do so many people with AIDS die in silence in Africa? A . Because it is difficult to get complete treatment for the disease. B . Because they think AIDS shouldn't be talked about.

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2022届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解专项训练（十八）

C . Because AIDS is a terrible disease in the world. D . Because doctors change treatment for the patients. 5. How many people in the world are now living with AIDS? A . About 70 million. B . About 45 million. C . About 35 million. D . About 25 million.

【答案】 ★A 1-5 DBDCB ★B 1-5 BCAAD ★C1-5 CADCB ★D1-5 ADDBC

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