1.认真看题，确认所给题目为提纲式（with given outline) 还是开放式(without outline).
2. 根据确定的题目类型，从大脑的资料库中选出适合的模板。 3.对于开放型的题目，要认真的理解（interpretation / comprehension), 抓住讨论的核心，不要仅停留在现象表面。
开放型的题目的文章设计：
1.阐释从现象挖掘到的问题核心（或通过现象向我们传达的道理） ↓ 古今论证 2.举例论证：↗ 中外论证 ↘ 正反论证 ※ 3.归纳总结 （或对自身的启迪）
提纲式作文题目的文章设计：
1. 指出现象或话题（表述题目）,+ 举例说明（或产生的意义，影响） ↓ 2. 分析原因：主题句 +“ 你” “我” “它” + 总结 ↓ 3. 我的观点 + 建议 或 另一个原因
对立观点式
1．A．点明文章主题
2．B．有人认为X 是好事，赞成X， 为什么？ 有人认为X 是坏事， 反对X，为什么？
3．C．我的看法。
Nobody could deny the fact /phenomenon that …
Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。
However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。 An example can give the details of this argument: 一个例子。
There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X
outweigh the disadvantages. In addition to the above-mentioned positive effects it might bring about, X also may 一个好处。
社会问题式
Nobody could have failed to notice the fact that ________(问题的对象)have
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作文提高方法 been a grave problem with which we are confronted.
__________(问题的对象) are bound to generate severe consequences if we keep turning a blind eye to them. First and foremost, _______(危害一). What’s worse（危害二）. Last but not the least, （危害三）
In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures must be taken before things get worse. On the one hand, ________（措施一）. On the other hand, ______（措施二）. With proper laws and an alert public, it will only be a matter of time for …to become things of the past.
社会现象式
1. 指出现象 然后举例或说明意义，影响 2. 分析原因 3. 你的看法
The recent years has witnessed (In recent years, there has arisen ) a new phenomenon that ……, which has gradually drawn the public’s attention. Many elements account for this phenomenon. First of all, ……. What’s more, ……. Finally, ……
As far as I’m concerned, ……can be a truly advisable choice for ……, which……
图表式
特别注意：
1. 看清图表，应用数字准确。 2. 描述时，数字跟着时间走。 3.第一段中，首先指出什么在变，（意义或后果，然后描述怎么变 …..在上升/ 增加，(….. 在下降/ 减少） （图表作文的特点体现在第一段，请一定多加注意！！！）
第二段的写法同上一模板
第三段对未来发展预测，增加一原因
Keep in mind:
1. 长短句交替使用。
2. 少用 “There be.....” 句型：
原因 ：A) 太平淡，没有亮点。
B）容易出现连动错误 Eg: 有几个原因导致（可以解释）这种现象。
S: There are several reasons explain this phenomenon. ( × ) →Several reasons explain this phenomenon.
Or: There are several reasons explaining this phenomenon
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作文提高方法 3. 句式多样性：
1）倒装句： so...... that......
Only 2）一般复合句 / 长句：
关于定语从句: A. 一般不用一个定语从句修饰一个词
B. 用非限定性定语从句来表示结果或意义，使句式更紧凑，
句意更丰富
4. 段落之间争取有连接性的词或句；句群与句群之间应有衔接性的词或短语，使文章更紧凑，更有层次感。 ★ 适用于三点的情况
1）to start with, next, in addition, finally
※ 2）first and foremost, besides, last but not (the) least 3）most important of all, moreover, finally （注意: 如果连接的是危害或不好的结果：第二点用“worse still / what’s worse ） ★ 适用于两点的情况
1）on the one hand, on the other hand 2）for one thing, for another thing 5. 关于词汇的问题：
1）多用具体词汇，少用笼统词汇
2）避免重复使用单一词汇，可用近义词做替换
important: essential, indispensable, significant, momentous，major
critical, vital, key, core( 名, essence(名），
3） 学习基本构词法，增加理解力和造词能力
A. 形容词 + 名词-ed → 形容词
white / hair empty / mind
B.名词 + 及物动词ing → 形容词 save / energy hunt / job C. 名词 + 动词 – ed → 形容词
earthquake / struck hate / fill D. 副词+ 动词-ed → 形容词 客满的 新建的 6. 要避免出现如下表达不严肃的“口水话”
a. That’ s all. b. That’s all I want to say. c. What’s the reason? Let me tell you. d. We can know the reason of the thing.
e. Now, let’s see through appearance. f. I’ll let you know the reason
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作文提高方法 7. 提高整体质量
We can use computer to talk with each other, for example sing e-mail,QQ. We can go shopping in our house by computers. We can learn much knowledge.
→ Computers facilitate the communication between people. People can enjoy on-line talk or exchange e-mails easily. What’s more, computers provide convenience for people to do shopping just at home. The last but not least, computers also broaden our views and keep us well-informed.
需记忆的抢分句型
1. Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V
例句：Nothing is more significant than to receive education. 没有比接受教育更重要的事。
2. So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子 （如此...以致于...） 例句：So precious is time that we can‘t afford to waste it. 时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。
3. Adj + as + Subject（主词）+ be, S + V~~~ （虽然...）
例句：Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. {by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不} 虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。 4. It pays to + V ~~~ （...是值得的。）
例句：It pays to help others. 帮助别人是值得的。 5. ~ enable + Object（受词）+ to + V （..使..能够..） 例句：Listening to music enables us to feel relaxed. 听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。
6. ~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much. （再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。）
例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. 我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
7. It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ （全世界都知道...）
well-accepted
例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us. 全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。 8.There is no one but ~~~ does～（没有人不...） 例句：There is no one but longs to go to college. 没有人不渴望上大学。
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作文提高方法 考试作文实用替换词
1、individuals, characters, folks 替换 (people ,persons) 2、positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising (有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior 替换good 3、dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的) 替换bad
4、(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of,) 替换many. 5、harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)替换 think (因为是书面语，所以要加that) 6、affair ,business，matter 替换thing
7、for my part , from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion
8、Increasing(ly),growing 替换more and more( 注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly. Eg.sth has gained growing popularity.
Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth. 9、beneficial, rewarding替换helpful,
10、customer, client, consumer, purchaser, 替换shopper 11、exceedingly, extremely, intensely 替换very
12、hardly necessary, hardly inevitable ... 替换 unnecessary, avoidable 13、capture one's attention替换attract one's attention. 14、give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换cause. 15、desire 替换want.
16、pour attention into 替换pay attention to 17、bear in mind that 替换remember
18、enjoy, possess 替换have(注意process是过程的意思) 19、frown on sth替换 be against , disagree with sth
20、to name only a few, as an example替换 for example, for instance 必须记忆的词： nowadays 现在
phenomenon 现象 （复：phenomena）
increasingly （副词）越来越.......（修饰形容词，副词） outweigh （及物动词） 比..........更多，更重 consequence （名词）（不好的）后果 indispensable（形容词）不可替代的 virtually （副词） 几乎 account for 解释
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