专业英语试题5

专业英语试题5

一、Translate from English to Chinese the following glossary words(将下列单词译成中文)10’ 1,chloroplast 2，cytoplasm 3, mitochondrion 4, nucleus 5, plastid 6, divergent evolution 7, chlorophyll 8, morphogenesis 9,purine 10, taxonomy 二、Multiple Choice: Finish each of the following sentences by circling the letter of the correct response( there is only one correct answer for each question)（单项选择题）20’ 1, In the absence of limiting resources, populations grow_______ a, exponentially b, logistically c, at a reduced rate d, at a fluctuating rate 2,A new nuclear envelope begins to form around each chromosome set during______ a ,anaphase b, metaphase c, prophase, d, cytokinesis e, telophase 3, Lysosomes contain____________ a, hydrolytic enzymes b, genetic material c, stored fats d, proteins 4,Transformation of energy in the cell is the main function of _______ a, ribosomes b, mitochondria c, microbodies d, contractile vacuoles 5, Male sex chromosomes can never be ____________ a, haploid b, homologous c, diploid d, duplicated

6, Each individual cell is supported by a network of filaments and tubules known as________ a, cytoplasm b, a vacuole c, an endoplasmic reticulum d, a cytoskeleton 7, In prokaryotic cells the DNA is___________ a, found in the nucleus b, organized into a number of discrete chromosomes c, condensed into an unbounded area called the nucleoid d, condensed into nucleoli 8, Amino acids are assembled into proteins in the cells ________ a, in the nucleus b, on ribosomes c, in mitochondria d, in lysosomes 9,Proteins synthesized on endoplasmic reticulum are modified __________ a, in vacuoles b, in the cell membrane c, in the Golgi complex d, in lysosomes 10, The process of photosynthesis can be considered as a series of reactions in which light energy from the sun is________________ a, transformed into chemical energy b, not transformed in the plant c, transformed into kinetic energy d, transformed into potential energy 三、Complete the following questions(填空)20’ 1, Ribosomes are organelles involved in _______________ 2, The physical, chemical, and psychological expression of genes possessed by an organism is called _____________ 3, Name the insects that sex chromosomes were first discovered.__________ 4, Adenine and guanine molecules are double-ring structures called_____________. 5, The seven taxonomic categories, in order, from largest to smallest are kingdom, phylum, __________, ___________, ____________, genus, and __________. 6, Photosynthesis takes place in _____________. 7, A Biology word that has the ending “ase” is called ________. 第 1 页 四、True or False (判断题，若正确，请在句子后写“T”；若错误，则写“F”15’ 1，The DNA of prokaryotic cells is concentrated in the nucleus 2, The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is held in place by the cytoskeleton 3,Photosynthesis occurs in all living things 4,The Calvin-Benson cycle may take place either in light or in the dark 5, Autosomes include X and Y chromosomes 6,Nuclear division may occur without cytokinesis 7, Homologous chromosomes pair in synapsis 8, All daughter cells are haploid 9, Homozygous organisms produce only one type of gamete for a gene 10, Alleles are simply alternate forms of genes 11, The sequences of bases on the DNA molecule carries the genetic information 12, The sperm head contains a small number of mitochondria 13, Hybrid sterility is a postzygotic mechanism 14, The carrying capacity of an environment cannot permanently be exceeded 15, Competition and predation are examples of density-independent factors 五，Translate from English toChinese 20’ 1. The oldest fossils that may represent living cells are found in rocks that are about 3.5 billion years old. The first cells were probably anaerobic heterotrophs, with autotrophs arising much later. The first autotrophs produced their own nutrients and released oxygen-------a metabolic by-product that had a crucial impact on later life forms. The resulting ozone layer in the earth’s atmosphere reduced the penetration of ultraviolet light.. As a result, cells would survive in shallow water and on the land surface. The increasing quantity of atmospheric oxygen also permitted the evolution of aerobic cells and cellular respiration, which in turn signaled the beginning of the global carbon cycle. Although the earliest cells were all prokaryotes, by about 1.5 billion years ago eukaryotes appeared. 2. When resource limits are approached or exceeded, time is required for the birth rate to fall and for the death rate to rise. This response time is known as reproductive time lag. It is one reason for the fluctuations in numbers that are seen in every population. In many natural populations, carrying capacity (and hence population size) fluctuates seasonally. If a population drastically exceeds the carrying capacity of its environment temporarily, damage may occur that permanently lowers environmental carrying capacity. Besides environmental carrying capacity, a population’s age structure and reproductive strategy also affect the rate at which the population grows. In a population having many members at or nearing reproductive age, significant growth may occur. Age structure may also be represented by a survivorship curve. 第 2 页

四、Choose one question and write your answer in a short paragraph in English（请选择下面两个问题中的任一个写一段200字左右的英文）15’ 1， What is your point about the value of biology? 2， Briefly, what is the current accepted view about how life originated from nonliving substances? 第 3 页