oracle 12 在oracle Linux 7上的安装

2024-01-14 来源：客趣旅游网

Oracle 12c 在OEL7.1上的安装

实施文档

日期：2015年9月2日

一、介质说明 ............................................................................................................................................................ 1 二、准备工作 ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 2.1 VMWARE WORKSTATION PRO 12.0.0 FOR WINDOWS 安装 .................................................................................................. 2 2.2 ORACLELINUX-R7-U1-SERVER-X86_64 系统安装 ............................................................................................................ 2 2.2.1 创建OEL7.1虚拟机 ........................................................................................................................................... 2 2.2.2 OEL7.1系统安装 ............................................................................................................................................... 11 三、安装ORACLE 12C ............................................................................................................................................... 23 3.1 基础配置 ................................................................................................................................................................. 23 3.2 配置本地YUM包源 ................................................................................................................................................. 24 3.3 安装软件包 ............................................................................................................................................................. 25 3.4 创建用户和组 ......................................................................................................................................................... 27 3.5 内核参数调整 ......................................................................................................................................................... 27 3.5.1 标准 .................................................................................................................................................................. 27 3.5.2 实际查询值 ...................................................................................................................................................... 28 3.5.3 修改下面文件即可 .......................................................................................................................................... 29 3.6 参数生效 ................................................................................................................................................................. 30 3.7 软件用户资源限制.................................................................................................................................................. 30 3.7.1 联机文档要求 .................................................................................................................................................. 30 3.7.2 实际配置 .......................................................................................................................................................... 30 3.8 修改安装目录权限.................................................................................................................................................. 32 3.9 修改ORACLE环境变量 ............................................................................................................................................. 32 3.10 数据库软件安装.................................................................................................................................................... 32 3.10.1 解压下载的文件 ............................................................................................................................................ 32 3.10.2 安装步骤 ........................................................................................................................................................ 33 3.11 创建数据库 ........................................................................................................................................................... 41 3.11.1 安装监听 ........................................................................................................................................................ 41 3.11.2 安装数据库 .................................................................................................................................................... 44 四、 ORACLE 12C新特性介绍 ................................................................................................................................... 54

一、介质说明

Oracle Database 12c Release 1 for Linux x86-64 oracle 12c 数据库软件

下载地址：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html

OracleLinux-R7-U1-Server-x86_64-dvd.iso oracle linux 操作系统下载地址：

https://edelivery.oracle.com/osdc/faces/Home.jspx?_afrLoop=1944357500338522&_afrWindowMode=0&_adf.ctrl-state=1br89kn0pd_4

VMware Workstation Pro 12.0.0 for Windows 虚拟机软件下载地址：

https://my.vmware.com/cn/web/vmware/info/slug/desktop_end_user_computing/vmware_workstation_pro/12_0

oracle12cr1 online document oracle12c联机文件

下载地址：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/documentation/index.html

二、准备工作

2.1 VMware Workstation Pro 12.0.0 for Windows 安装

标准下一步下一步即可，不做过多讲解。

2.2 OracleLinux-R7-U1-Server-x86_64 系统安装

本系统采用虚拟化软件进行搭建和部署

2.2.1 创建OEL7.1虚拟机

打开虚拟化软件，如下图图标：

界面如下：

Ctrl+N打开创建虚拟机配置界面，选择自定义配置，选择下一步。如下图：

选择虚拟化软件的兼容性功能，默认下一步即可。

选择要安装操作系统的镜像，如下图：

虚拟机命名和安放位置选择，如下图：

配置虚拟机CPU核心数为4个，可以按照实际进行配置。如下图：

配置内存，按照联机文档中对内存的要求，这里配置内存为2G，如下图：

选择虚拟机网络配置模式为本地模式，如下

本地模式网络地址段如下：

硬盘配置器模式选择，默认即可。

虚拟磁盘类型选择默认即可：

创建磁盘，按照联机文档要求，这里配置磁盘大小为15G，如下图：

命名硬盘文件名称，默认如下：

配置完成，点击finish即可。

稍等片刻，正在创建。

配置完成后如下：

2.2.2 OEL7.1系统安装

虚拟机加电，点击第一项安装，如下图：

弹出确认界面，回车即可。

选择语言，默认英语即可。

配置时区，分区等信息，如下图：

时区配置如下

分区选择自定义，如下图：

选择分区类型，为标准即可。

点击左下角加号进行分区，创建引导分区500M，交换分区4G，/剩下所有大小。注意分区格式为EXT4如下图：

弹出分区确认信息，单击接受即可。

配置网络和主机名

配置总结，进行安装即可。如下图

设置root 用户密码，如下图

重启后默认启动是UEK内核，这个内核在虚拟机中无法使用，采用正常的内核方可启动。

重启后接受许可，点击确定。如下图：

不启用自动更新软件，如下图：

系统初始化，如下图：

创建用户：

地区选择：

点击完成即可。

三、安装oracle 12c

3.1 基础配置

查看系统中启动的服务

[root@oracle12c selinux]# systemctl list-unit-files|grep enabled 关闭selinux

[root@oracle12c selinux]# vi config

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system. # SELINUX= can take one of these three values:

# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.

# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing. # disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded. SELINUX=disabled

# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values: # targeted - Targeted processes are protected,

# minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected. # mls - Multi Level Security protection. SELINUXTYPE=targeted

[root@oracle12c selinux]# pwd /etc/selinux

关闭防火墙

[root@oracle12c ~]# systemctl status firewalld

firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled) Active: inactive (dead) since Mon 2015-08-31 17:40:13 CST; 4min 54s ago

Process: 794 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid $FIREWALLD_ARGS status=0/SUCCESS)

Main PID: 794 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Aug 31 16:14:19 oracle12c systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon. Aug 31 17:40:12 oracle12c systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon... Aug 31 17:40:13 oracle12c systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon. Aug 31 17:42:08 oracle12c systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon. [root@oracle12c ~]# systemctl stop firewalld [root@oracle12c ~]# systemctl status firewalld

firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled) Active: inactive (dead) since Mon 2015-08-31 17:40:13 CST; 5min ago

Process: 794 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid $FIREWALLD_ARGS status=0/SUCCESS)

(code=exited,

Main PID: 794 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Aug 31 16:14:19 oracle12c systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon. Aug 31 17:40:12 oracle12c systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon... Aug 31 17:40:13 oracle12c systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon. Aug 31 17:42:08 oracle12c systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon. Aug 31 17:45:29 oracle12c systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon. [root@oracle12c ~]# systemctl disable firewalld

rm '/etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service' rm '/etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service' [root@oracle12c ~]# systemctl status firewalld

firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled) Active: inactive (dead)

Aug 31 16:14:11 oracle12c systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon... Aug 31 16:14:19 oracle12c systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon. Aug 31 17:40:12 oracle12c systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon... Aug 31 17:40:13 oracle12c systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon. Aug 31 17:42:08 oracle12c systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon. Aug 31 17:45:29 oracle12c systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon. 停止NTP服务

[root@oracle12c ~]# systemctl status ntpd ntpd.service - Network Time Service

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/ntpd.service; disabled) Active: inactive (dead)

3.2 配置本地yum包源

1、插入光盘

2、mkdir /media/disk

3、mount –o loop /dev/cdrom /media/disk 4、cd /etc/yum.repos.d

文件位置/etc/yum.repos.d/，后缀一定是.repo结束.为了使用自己搭建的yum源我这里删除了自带的（rm –f ./*）

编辑自己的repo文件

[root@helomeyum.repos.d]#vim local.repo (repo后缀) [local_server](库名称)

name=Thisis a local repo （名称描述）

baseurl=file:///media/disk(yum源目录，源地址) enabled=1（是否启用该yum源，0为禁用）

gpgcheck=0 （检查GPG-KEY，0为不检查，1为检查）

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6（gpgcheck=0时无需配置）保存退出！

5、测试YUM安装源 [root@node1 ~]#yum list

6、检查安装oracle所需要的包， Yum install binutils* #yum clean all ‘清除yum缓存

#yum makecache ‘缓存本地yum源中的软件包信息 #yum install 软件包名称（如：yum install httpd）

3.3 安装软件包

按照联机文档要求，需要安装如下软件包：

没有安装的包如下：

glibc-2.17-36.el7.i686 OK

glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.i686 OK ksh

libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.i686 OK

libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.i686 OK libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64 OK libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 OK libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 OK

libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 OK libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.i686 OK libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.i686 OK

[root@oracle12c ~]# yum install libstdc++*.i686 Loaded plugins: langpacks Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package libstdc++.i686 0:4.8.3-9.el7 will be installed

---> Package libstdc++-devel.i686 0:4.8.3-9.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved

====================================================================================================================================

Package Arch Version Repository Size

==================================================================================================================================== Installing:

libstdc++ i686 4.8.3-9.el7 local_server 307 k

libstdc++-devel i686 4.8.3-9.el7 local_server 1.5 M Transaction Summary

==================================================================================================================================== Install 2 Packages

Total download size: 1.8 M Installed size: 8.8 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 28 MB/s | 1.8 MB 00:00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction

Installing : libstdc++-4.8.3-9.el7.i686 1/2

Installing : libstdc++-devel-4.8.3-9.el7.i686 2/2

Verifying : libstdc++-4.8.3-9.el7.i686 1/2

Verifying : libstdc++-devel-4.8.3-9.el7.i686 2/2 Installed:

libstdc++.i686 0:4.8.3-9.el7 libstdc++-devel.i686 0:4.8.3-9.el7 Complete!

3.4 创建用户和组

[root@oracle12c ~]# groupadd oinstall [root@oracle12c ~]# groupadd dba [root@oracle12c ~]# groupadd oper

[root@oracle12c ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle [root@oracle12c ~]# passwd oracle Changing password for user oracle. New password:

BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters Retype new password:

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

3.5 内核参数调整 3.5.1 标准

semmsl semmns semopm semmni shmall

/proc/sys/kernel/sem 250

32000 100 128

/proc/sys/kernel/shmall 40 percent of the size of

physical memory in pages Note: If the server supports

multiple databases, or uses a large SGA, then set this parameter to a value that is equal to the total amount of shared memory, in 4K pages, that the system can use at

one time

shmmax /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax Half the size of physical

memory in bytes

See My Oracle Support Note 567506.1 for additional

information about configuring shmmax.

shmmni /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni 4096 panic_on_oops /proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_oops 1

/proc/sys/fs/file-max file-max 6815744

ip_local_port_range /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range Minimum: 9000

Maximum: 65500

See the \"Setting UDP and TCP Kernel Parameters Manually\" section in Oracle Database Installation Guide for Linux

rmem_default /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_default 262144 rmem_max /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max 4194304 wmem_default /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_default 262144 wmem_max /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max 1048576 aio-max-nr /proc/sys/fs 1048576

Note: This value limits concurrent outstanding requests and should be set to avoid I/O subsystem failures.

注意：官方最小值

# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep sem semmsl, semmns, semopm, and

semmni This command displays the value of the semaphore parameters in the

order listed.

shmall, shmmax, and shmmni file-max

ip_local_port_range rmem_default rmem_max wmem_default wmem_max

# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep shm # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep file-max

3.5.2 实际查询值

[root@oracle12c ~]# cat /proc/sys/kernel/sem 250 32000 32 128

[root@oracle12c ~]# cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmall

268435456

[root@oracle12c ~]# clear

[root@oracle12c ~]# cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax 4294967295

[root@oracle12c ~]# cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni 4096

[root@oracle12c ~]# cat /proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_oops 1

[root@oracle12c ~]# cat /proc/sys/fs/file-max 200389

[root@oracle12c ~]# cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range 32768 61000

[root@oracle12c ~]# cat /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_default 212992

[root@oracle12c ~]# cat /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max 212992

[root@oracle12c ~]# cat /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_default 212992

[root@oracle12c ~]# cat /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max 212992

[root@oracle12c ~]# cat /proc/sys/fs/aio-max-nr 1048576

3.5.3 修改下面文件即可

[root@oracle12c ~]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf

# System default settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf.

# To override those settings, enter new settings here, or in an /etc/sysctl.d/.conf file #

# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

3.6 参数生效

[root@oracle12c ~]# sysctl -p fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

3.7 软件用户资源限制 3.7.1 联机文档要求

3.7.2 实际配置

[root@oracle12c ~]# cat /etc/security/limits.conf # /etc/security/limits.conf

#This file sets the resource limits for the users logged in via PAM. #It does not affect resource limits of the system services.

#Also note that configuration files in /etc/security/limits.d directory, #which are read in alphabetical order, override the settings in this #file in case the domain is the same or more specific.

#That means for example that setting a limit for wildcard domain here #can be overriden with a wildcard setting in a config file in the

#subdirectory, but a user specific setting here can be overriden only #with a user specific setting in the subdirectory. #

#Each line describes a limit for a user in the form: #

# #Where:

# can be:

# - a user name

# - a group name, with @group syntax # - the wildcard *, for default entry

# - the wildcard %, can be also used with %group syntax, # for maxlogin limit #

# can have the two values:

# - \"soft\" for enforcing the soft limits # - \"hard\" for enforcing hard limits # can be one of the following:

# - core - limits the core file size (KB) # - data - max data size (KB) # - fsize - maximum filesize (KB)

# - memlock - max locked-in-memory address space (KB) # - nofile - max number of open file descriptors # - rss - max resident set size (KB) # - stack - max stack size (KB) # - cpu - max CPU time (MIN)

# - nproc - max number of processes # - as - address space limit (KB)

# - maxlogins - max number of logins for this user

# - maxsyslogins - max number of logins on the system # - priority - the priority to run user process with # - locks - max number of file locks the user can hold # - sigpending - max number of pending signals

# - msgqueue - max memory used by POSIX message queues (bytes) # - nice - max nice priority allowed to raise to values: [-20, 19] # - rtprio - max realtime priority #

# #

#* soft core 0

#* hard rss 10000 #@student hard nproc 20

#@faculty soft nproc 20 #@faculty hard nproc 50 #ftp hard nproc 0 #@student - maxlogins 4 # End of file

oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 10240 oracle hard stack 32768 [root@oracle12c ~]#

3.8 修改安装目录权限

[root@oracle12c ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/oracle [root@oracle12c ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01/oracle/

3.9 修改oracle环境变量

[oracle@oracle12c ~]$ cat .bash_profile # .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc fi

# User specific environment and startup programs PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin export PATH umask 022

ORACLE_SID=bril ORACLE_BASE=/u01

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/oracle

PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib/:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

export ORACLE_SID ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME PATH LD_ASSUME_KERNEL LD_LIBRARY_PATH [oracle@oracle12c ~]$

3.10 数据库软件安装 3.10.1 解压下载的文件

[root@oracle12c ~]# ls -l *.zip

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1673544724 Sep 1 16:10 linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1014530602 Sep 1 16:10 linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip [root@oracle12c ~]#unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip [root@oracle12c ~]#unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip [root@oracle12c ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall database/ [root@oracle12c ~]# ls -l total 8

-rw-------. 1 root root 1678 Aug 31 15:13 anaconda-ks.cfg drwxr-xr-x 7 oracle oinstall 110 Jul 7 2014 database drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 31 Aug 31 16:13 Desktop drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 31 15:32 Documents drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 31 15:32 Downloads

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1726 Aug 31 15:21 initial-setup-ks.cfg drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 31 15:32 Music drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 31 15:32 Pictures drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 31 15:32 Public drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 31 15:32 Templates drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 31 15:32 Videos

3.10.2 安装步骤

切换到oracle用户下执行：

[oracle@oracle12c database]$ ./runInstaller

报错解决方法，添加主机名和ip对应关系 [root@oracle12c ~]# cat /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

192.168.70.2 oracle12c

去掉oracle 支持。点击下一步。选择只安装数据库软件：

选择单实例安装：

语言默认即可：

安装企业版，默认即可

选择安装目录，这一步在环境变量中设置一致即可。

安装用户所属的组

默认选择组即可：

验证报错，忽略即可。

安装汇总，点击安装即可：

执行如下脚本：

执行结果：

[root@oracle12c ~]# cd /u01/app/oraInventory/ [root@oracle12c oraInventory]# ./orainstRoot.sh Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory. Adding read,write permissions for group.

Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall. The execution of the script is complete. [root@oracle12c oraInventory]# cd ..

[root@oracle12c app]# cd oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/ [root@oracle12c dbhome_1]# ./root.sh Performing root user operation.

The following environment variables are set as: ORACLE_OWNER= oracle

ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ... Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ... Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Creating /etc/oratab file...

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created

Finished running generic part of root script.

Now product-specific root actions will be performed. 安装完成如下图：

3.11 创建数据库 3.11.1 安装监听

[oracle@oracle12c bin]$ ./netca

点击下一步，添加即可

命名默认即可：

协议选择TCP：

端口默认1521即可：

不创建其他，点击下一步完成即可

3.11.2 安装数据库

[oracle@oracle12c bin]$ ./dbca

选择高级模式进行安装：

数据库类型选择默认：

填写数据库SID，和勾选容器数据库，并创建一个PDB：

EM配置，默认即可

设置统一密码：

监听配置，前面已经完成。

配置存储方式和归档模式功能

案例数据库配置，默认即可

配置内存，如下图：

创建数据库

总结开始

安装完成

3.11.3 登录数据库

[oracle@oracle12c ~]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Wed Sep 2 09:11:41 2015

SQL> conn / as sysdba Connected.

SQL> select dbid,name from v$database;

DBID NAME ---------- --------- 1209016324 BRIL

SQL>

四、 ORACLE 12C新特性介绍

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