初中英语现在完成时讲解学案

1. 用法：①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果

E.g：

Yesterday I finished my homework, that

’s to say, I have finished my

homework

②过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续

E.g.:：

I have lived here since 1990.

2. 现在完成时的构成

have\\has+过去分词

3. 现在完成时的四个基本句型

肯定句He has finished the work. 一般疑问句Has he finished the work?

否定句He has not finished the work. 两回答Yes ,he has. No, he hasn’t.

特殊疑问句

What has he done?

4. 在下列情形下用现在完成时(1)九词语

①already已经肯定句中或句尾

e.g.:

I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already.

②yet已经

否定句和疑问句句尾

now.

e.g.：

I have not finished the work yet.Have you bought a computer yet?

③ever曾经

e.g.：

Have you ever seen pandas?

④never从不

e.g.：

I have never been to Beijing.

⑤just刚刚

e.g.：

I have just done my work.

⑥before以前

e.g.：

I have never been there before.

⑦so far到目前为止

e.g.：

So far he has learnt 200 words.⑧how long

e.g.：

How long have you lived here?⑨how many times

e.g.：

How many times has he been to Beijing?

多少次

多久

句尾句中句中句中

(2)两词组

havegone to去了某地

e.g.：

He has gone to Beijing havebeen to

去过某地

(去了北京)

e.g.：

He has been to Beijing.

(去过北京)

(3)两结构

for two monthssince last yearsince 3 years agosince 1990since here

he

came

since +过去时态句子

He has been in China since he came here.

for +一段时间since +过去点时间

Jim has lived here for 2 months.

Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago.

(4).如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”

e.g.：

Have you lost your library book?

(5).现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型

They have planted many trees in the last few years.

在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。This is the best book I have ever read.

这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。

It is the first time I have played the computer games.

这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。

5.在现在完成时中，一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用

e.g.：

He has bought the book for 3 years.

因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间

① He has bought the book.. ② He bought the book 3 years ago

变)

（错）

，往往用现在完成时态。

你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？

for 3 years连用, 改正的办法有五种：

(去掉一段时间

for 3 years)

(改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不

③ It’s 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed since he bought the book.

（改为固定句型

-）

④ He has not bought the book for 3 years.⑤ He has had the book for 3 years.

6.

（改为否定句）

（用延续性动词

have代替buy）It is ---since--

还有其他一次性动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的五种办法改正，前四种改法都一

举例如下：→ be here

（错）

改为：I have been here for 3

样，第五种改法各不相同，①come/arrive/get to/reach

e.g：I have come here for 3 years.

years.

②leave/go →be away

e.g.：He has left for 3 hours.

hours.③begin/start

→be on

（错）改为：He has been away for 3

e.g.：The film has begun for 3 minutes.

for 3 minutes.

④open →be open / close

→ be closed

（错）改为：The film has been on

e.g.：The shop has opened for 3 years.(

for 3 years.⑤die →be dead

e.g.：His father has died for 3 years.

for 3 years.⑥finish/end

→ be over

错) 改为：The shop has been open

(错) 改为：His father has been dead

例：He has finished the work for 3 days.(

over for 3 days⑦join

错) 改为：The work has been

例：I have joined the army for 3 years.改为：I have been in the army for 3 years.

（错）

或I have been a soldier for

3 years.⑧buy /catch

→ have

e.g.：I have bought the bike for 3 years.

3 years.

He has caught a cold for 3 days.

⑨borrow → keep

e.g：I have borrowed the book for 3 years.

kept the book for 3 years.还有其它的归纳如下：

break → be broken marry → be married

（错）

（错）改为：I have had the bike for

改为：He has had a cold for 3 days.

（错）改为：I have

\\ get up → be up\\ become → be

\\ lose → be lost

7. 延续性动词和终止性动词

①延续性动词：表示的动作是能延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。e.g.：learn\\ work\\ stand\\ lie\\ know\\ walk\\ keep\\ have\\ wait\\ watch\\ sing\\ read\\

sleep\\ live

②终止性动词：也叫非延续性动词，瞬间动词，一次性动词。表示的动作不能延续，即动作发

生后立即结束，产生某种结果。在有了某种结果后，动作就不能再继续下

去。

e.g.：leave\\ start\\ set out\\ arrive\\ reach\\ get to\\ begin\\ stop\\ shut\\ turn off\\

complete\\ become\\ come\\ go\\ die\\ open\\ close\\ break\\ give\\ jump\\ buy\\ borrow

8. 终止性动词不能和一段时间状语连用。

He has died for three days.

连用）

（错，终止性动词

die不能和一段时间

for three days

时态

1. 过去将来时：表示对于过去某一时间而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句

e.g.:：John said that he would come the next day if he was free.

（构成：would+ 动词原形）

John said that he was going to plant trees.

（构成：was/were going to+

动词原形）

2.过去完成时：由用法有二：

had+ 过去分词构成。

①过去某一时刻或某一动作之前就已经发生的动作或存在的状态：即过去的过去

e.g.:：When we got to the station, the train had left.

当我到车站的时候，火车已经离开了。

By the end of last week, he had learnt 1000 words.

到上个星期尾为止，他已经学了

1000个单

②过去某时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间为止的动作或状态

e.g.:：He said that he had made a few friends since he came to China.

他说自从他来中国，他已经交了几个朋友。