一、单元重点短语 1. make sure 确信；确认 2. beat against … 拍打… … 3. fall asleep 进人梦乡；睡着 4. die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失 5. wake up 醒来 6. in a mess 一团糟
7. break … apart 使……分离 8. in times of difficulty 在困难的时候 9. at the time of 当……时候 10. go off (闹钟)发出响声 11. take a hot shower 洗热水澡 12. miss the bus 错过公交车 13. pick up 接电话 14. bring … together 使……靠拢 15. in the area 在这个地区
16. miss the event 错过...事件 17. by the side of the road 在路边 18. the Animal Helpline 动物保护热线
19. walk by 走路经过 20. make one’s way to … 在某人去……的路上 21. hear the news 听到这个消息 22. important events in history 历史上的重大事件 23. for example 例如 24. be killed 被杀害 25. over fifty 50多(岁） 26. a school pupil 一个小学生 27. on the radio 通过广播
28. in silence 沉默；无声 29. more recently 最近地；新近 30. the World Trade Center 世贸中心 31. take down 拆除；摧毁 32. have meaning to 对……有意义 33. remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 34. at first 首先；最初
二、单元基本知识点 1.so…that…“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句，so后常跟形容词或副词 Tom is so helpful that we all like him.
1)当主句和从句的主语一致， 且that从句是肯定句时，可用“enough to do sth”来转换
He was so clever that he could understand what I said. =He was clever enough to understand what I said.
2）当主句和从句的主语不一致，且that从句是肯定句时，可以用“enough for sb to do sth”来替换，但须注意不定式的宾语要省略。
The question is so easy that I can work it our. =The question is easy enough for me to work out. 3)当主句和从句的主语一致，且that从句式否定句时，可以用“too…to…”来替换。 The girl is so young that she can’t dress herself. =The girl is too young to dress herself
4) 当主句和从句的主语不一致，且that从句是否定句时，如果要用“too…to…”替换“so…that…”则用介词for引出动词不定式的逻辑主语，即用“too…for sb to do sth”来替换，注意不定式的宾语要省略。 The bag is so heavy that she can’t move it. =The bag is too heavy for her to move. so+形容词/副词+that从句 so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that从句 so many/few/much/little+名词+that 从句 2. go off 爆炸；（机器或设备）停止运转 3. up的短语
look up仰望；查阅 make up 组成；化妆 put up竖起；张贴 wake up叫醒；醒来
4. feel like doing sth喜欢，想要做某事
5. sleep、sleepy、asleep、fall asleep词汇辨析 sleep sleepy asleep fall asleep v. “睡；睡觉”，表示持续动作 Although I slept eight hours last night, I still feel sleepy. I’ll fall asleep in a while. adj. “想睡的；困乏的”， adj.“睡着的；睡熟的” 表示“入睡”这一动作 6. in times of在……时期；在……时刻
Mr. Wang always encourages me in times of trouble 7. leave leave for+地点，动身前往某地 leave+地点+for… He will leave for Beijing tomorrow Mary is leaving Dalian for Jinan tomorrow. 8. turn on turn off turn up turn down 9. way 词组归纳 by the way in a way lose one’s way in the/one’s way on the way on one’s way to 顺便说一下 在某种程度上 迷路 挡路；妨碍 在路上 在去……的路上 10. on TV 在电视上；通过电视 on radio通过广播；通过收音机 11. the rest剩下的；剩余的 the rest 做主语时，若替代可数名词复数，There are four apples. One apple is eaten. The rest sold. 谓语动词用复数形式；若代替可There is so much water here. Some are polluted, the rest used. 数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式 做主语时，谓语动词的数应与of后面的名词的数保持一致 The rest of the apple populated The rest of the students surprised by his behavior. the rest of + 名词
三、单元语法知识点 （一）when和while的区别
when和while都可以引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，但是两者之间又有区别。 1. 从句谓语动词的延续性
when引导的从句，谓语可以用延续性动词，也可以用非延续性动词； 而while引导的从句谓语只能用延续性动词。
Sorry, I was out when you called me.
When they were having supper, someone called on her. It began to rain while we were walking in the park. 2. 主从句动作发生的顺序
while引导的从句的谓语动词所表示的动作通常与主语谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，而when引导的从句的谓语动词表示动作可以发生在主句谓语动词表示动作之前，之后，也可以同时发生 When/While we were dancing, a stranger came in .
When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest. When I got to the station, the train had left.
(二)过去进行时
1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时 间状语等。yesterday ,last ,ago, before, in+年或月,on+日, just now(或者a moment ago) 3.基本结构：was/were+doing
4.否定形式：was/were + not + doing.
5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。 主要表示在过去的某个时间点上正在发生、进行的动作。由于它的定义是表示在过去的某个时间点上正在发生、进行的动作，所以，句子常带有一个表示“过去某个时间点”的状语。这个状语可能是短语，词组，或是一个从句。也可能是通过上下文来表达这层意思。过去进行时主要用于下面的情景中： 1）表示在过去某时刻正在进行的动作，例如：
At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.昨天这个时候，我正在收拾东西去露营。
When I came to see her last time, she was writing an article.上次我来看她的时候，她正在写一篇文章。 What were you doing at eight last night ? 昨晚八点钟你在做什么？ 2）用于故事的开头，交代故事发生的背景情况。
过去进行时所描述的动作是“正在进行”，所以，在这种情景中用“过去进行时”可以给读者一种“动感”，从而能使文章更加生动活泼。例如：
One night, he was typing in his study . Suddenly , a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity … .一天晚上，他正在书房里打字。突然，一个人闯进屋来，切断了电源……
3)（仅限少数动词）表示在过去的未来时间要发生的动作。例如：
When National Day was coming near , they began to make a plan for the holiday .国庆节即将来临的时候，他们开始制订度假计划。
She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告诉我她将去海南度假。
My friend said to me that he was lunching with one of his customers that day .我朋友对我说，他今天要与他的一位客户一块儿吃午饭。
We left there when it's getting dark. 天快黑的时候，我们离开了那儿。 6.用过去进行时表示现在，主要是为了使语气委婉、客气。如：
I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知你能否让我搭一下车。 We were hoping you would stay with us. 我们很希望你能跟我们住在一起。 How much did you want to spend, sir? 先生，您打算花多少钱？
注：一般过去时也有类似用法，但比较而言，用过去进行时显得更客气，更不肯定。 过去进行时专项练习题： 一、用动词的适当形式填空
1. While we __________ (wait) for the bus, a girl __________ (run) up to us. 2. I __________ (telephone) a friend when Bob __________ (come) in. 3. Jim __________ (jump) on the bus as it __________ (move) away.
4. We __________ (test) the new machine when the electricity ________(go) off.
5. She _____ (not want) to stay in bed while the others _____ (all, work) in the fields. 6. While mother ________ (put) Cathy to bed, the door bell ________ (ring). 7. As I __________ (walk) in the park, it __________ (begin) to rain.
8. Even when she ___________ (be) a child she ________________ (already, think) of becoming a ballerina (芭蕾舞演员).
9. It was quite late at night. George __________ (read) and Amy __________ (ply) her needle when they __________ (hear) a knock at the door.
10. There __________ (be) a group round the fire when they __________ (reach) it. An old woman __________ (sit) on the ground near the kettle; two small children __________ (lie) near her; a donkey __________ (bend) his head over a tall girl.
11. I _____ (have) my breakfast at half past six yesterday morning.
12. Mary _____ (go) over her lessons from six to seven last night. John and peter ____(do) the same thing. 13. What _____ you ___ (do) at that time? We _____ (watch) TV.
14. Was your father at home yesterday evening? Yes ,he was. He _____ (listen) to the radio. 15. They _____(not make) a model ship when I saw him.
16. —_____ they ____ (have) a meeting at 4 yesterday afternoon?
—No, they _____. They _____ (clean) the classroom.
17. ______ it ______(rain) when you left school? Yes, it ____. (No, it ____) 18. What _____ your father _____ (do) when he was your age?
19. One day, Edison _____ (wait) for a train to arrive, and suddenly a little boy ran to the track(轨道) to play. 20. He asked me if I ______ (go) fishing that afternoon.
单元课堂练习： 一. 用when或while填空‘
1. _______ I was walking home from school, I saw a strange light in the sky. But _______ I pointed it out to my friend, it went away.
2. ______ I told my older brother about the strange light in the sky, he just laughed and didn’t believe me . 3. _______ my brother was laughing ,the television news reported that other people had seen the light as well . 二、单项选择
( )1. He dressed ________ quickly ________ he put his shoes on the wrong feet.
A. so; as B. such; that C. so; that
( )2. When he saw a wallet on the ground, he _______ at once.
A. picked it up B. gave it up C. picked up it
( )3. There aren’t many tickets left for the concert, you’d better _______ that you get one today
A. make sure of B. make a decision C. make sure D. make plans
( )4. I’m building a new zoo because I think zoos are terrible places for animals to live in .
A. against B. on C. in D. for
( )5. _________, Tom! It’s time to get up and go to school
A. Wake up B. Make up C. Grow up D. Look up
( )6. ________ a light when necessary. You will bring light to other people and yourself
A. try on B. get on c. turn on D. put on
( )7 ________, the Internet was only used by the government. But now it’s widely used in every field .
A. As usual B. At first C. After all D. so far
( )8. She always does very well in the English exams. But she can _______ understand English radio programs.
A. always B. hardly C. already D. easily 三、短文填空
It was a hot afternoon. Jack ran back home after school and he felt (1)_______. So he ran into the kitchen to find something to (2)______. He drank(3) ______ of cold water. Then an hour later, it was dinner time, he (4)______ feel well. He didn’t like eating anything, and he had a (5)________. His mother took him to the (6)______. The doctor said he
(7)______ drink some hot water instead of cold water. Drinking too (8)________ cold water is bad for his health. The doctor gave Jack some (9)________. Jack did as the doctor told him and soon he felt much(10)________. He is healthy and strong again.
短文填空参考答案： 1 thirsty 2 drink 6 hospital 7 should
3 lots 8 much 4 didn’t 9 medicine 5 stomachae 10 better
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