ASMEB18.18.1-2007[RevisionofANSI/ASMEB18.18.1M-1987(R2006)]InspectionandQualityAssuranceforGeneralPurposeFastenersANAMERICANNATIONALSTANDARDThree Park Avenue • New York, NY 10016DateofIssuance:April6,2007ThisStandardwillberevisedwhentheSocietyapprovestheissuanceofanewedition.Therewillbenoaddendaissuedtothisedition.ASMEissueswrittenrepliestoinquiriesconcerninginterpretationsoftechnicalaspectsofthisStandard.InterpretationsarepublishedontheASMEWebsiteundertheCommitteePagesathttp://cstools.asme.orgastheyareissued.ASMEistheregisteredtrademarkofTheAmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineers.ThiscodeorstandardwasdevelopedunderproceduresaccreditedasmeetingthecriteriaforAmericanNationalStandards.TheStandardsCommitteethatapprovedthecodeorstandardwasbalancedtoassurethatindividualsfromcompetentandconcernedinterestshavehadanopportunitytoparticipate.Theproposedcodeorstandardwasmadeavailableforpublicreviewandcommentthatprovidesanopportunityforadditionalpublicinputfromindustry,academia,regulatoryagencies,andthepublic-at-large.ASMEdoesnot“approve,”“rate,”or“endorse”anyitem,construction,proprietarydevice,oractivity.ASMEdoesnottakeanypositionwithrespecttothevalidityofanypatentrightsassertedinconnectionwithanyitemsmentionedinthisdocument,anddoesnotundertaketoinsureanyoneutilizingastandardagainstliabilityforinfringementofanyapplicableletterspatent,norassumeanysuchliability.Usersofacodeorstandardareexpresslyadvisedthatdeterminationofthevalidityofanysuchpatentrights,andtheriskofinfringementofsuchrights,isentirelytheirownresponsibility.Participationbyfederalagencyrepresentative(s)orperson(s)affiliatedwithindustryisnottobeinterpretedasgovernmentorindustryendorsementofthiscodeorstandard.ASMEacceptsresponsibilityforonlythoseinterpretationsofthisdocumentissuedinaccordancewiththeestablishedASMEproceduresandpolicies,whichprecludestheissuanceofinterpretationsbyindividuals.Nopartofthisdocumentmaybereproducedinanyform,inanelectronicretrievalsystemorotherwise,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher.TheAmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineersThreeParkAvenue,NewYork,NY10016-5990Copyright©2007byTHEAMERICANSOCIETYOFMECHANICALENGINEERSAllrightsreservedPrintedinU.S.A.CONTENTSForeword..............................................................................CommitteeRoster.....................................................................CorrespondenceWiththeB18Committee..............................................1GeneralInformation.................................................................2GeneralPurposeFasteners...........................................................Figure1BasicPlanOutline.................................................................Tables1SampleSize.......................................................................2Nondestructive....................................................................3Destructive........................................................................NonmandatoryAppendicesAInspectionLevelDecisionTable....................................................BOrderingInformation..............................................................iiiivvvi11223456FOREWORDAmericanNationalStandardsCommitteeB18forthestandardizationofbolts,screws,nuts,rivets,andsimilarfastenerswasorganizedinMarch1922asSectionalCommitteeB18undertheaegisoftheAmericanEngineeringStandardsCommittee(latertheAmericanStandardsAssociation,thentheUnitedStatesofAmericaStandardsInstituteand,asofOctober6,1969,theAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute,Inc.)withtheSocietyofAutomotiveEngineersandtheAmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineersasjointsponsors.Subcommittee18ofCommitteeB18wasestablishedinSeptember1978todevelopadocumenttocoverthequalityassuranceprovisionsforinternallyandexternallythreadedmetricfastenersandaccessoriesorassociatedparts.AttheMarch1979meetingofSubcommittee18,itwasagreedthatthequalityassurancedocumentshouldbecirculatedforsubcommitteeconsiderationasaproposedstandard.Subcom-mitteeacceptanceofthecontentensuedandthedocumentwasapprovedbyletterballottotheAmericanNationalStandardsCommitteeB18onMarch21,1980.TheStandardwassubsequentlyapprovedbytheSecretariatandsubmittedtotheAmericanNationalStandardsInstitutefordesignationasanAmericanNationalStandard;itwasdesignatedANSIB18.18.1M-1982andapprovedonSeptember14,1982.AperiodicreviewoftheStandard,undertakenbytheSubcommitteein1985,resultedinagreementthatthedocumentberevisedtoallowittobeusedforinchaswellasmetricproducts.Thiswasdonebydeletingtheword“metric”fromthetitleaswellasfromeachplaceinthestandardwhereitwouldinhibittheuseofthedocumentforinchaswellasmetricproducts.Byretainingthe“M”inthedesignator,thestandardcanbeusedforbothinchandmetricproductswithouthavingtochangeanyreferencesmade.Aproposalcontainingthesechanges,aswellaseditorialcorrections,waspreparedandballotedbyletterballottoASMECommitteeB18.Follow-ingapprovalbyASME,theproposalwassubmittedtotheAmericanNationalStandardsInstituteanddesignatedanAmericanNationalStandardonJanuary16,1987.TheoverallclimateintheQualityAssurancefieldhasdriftedtowardsdefect-freemanufacturing.TheB18Subcommittee18feltthatanupdateshouldbemadetothisdocumenttoreflectthistrend.TheStandardwasrevisedtoallowforzeroknowndefectsasthecriteriaforlotacceptance.Aproposalcontainingthesechanges,aswellaseditorialcorrections,waspreparedandsubmittedforletterballottotheASMEB18StandardsCommitteeandB18Subcommittee18membersforapproval.ThisStandardwasapprovedasanAmericanNationalStandardonJanuary11,2007.ivASMEB18COMMITTEEStandardizationofBolts,Nuts,Rivets,Screws,Washers,andSimilarFasteners(ThefollowingistherosteroftheCommitteeatthetimeofapprovalofthisStandard.)STANDARDSCOMMITTEEOFFICERSD.A.Clever,ChairR.D.Strong,ViceChairS.W.Vass,ViceChairR.L.Crane,SecretarySTANDARDSCOMMITTEEPERSONNELJ.B.Belford,CorrespondingMember,LawsonProducts,Inc.V.Cartina,AztechLocknutD.A.Clever,Deere&Co.A.P.Cockman,FordMotorCo.R.L.Crane,TheAmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineersA.C.DiCola,WroughtWasherCo.B.A.Dusina,FederalScrewWorksJ.S.Foote,CorrespondingMember,TradeAssociationManagement,Inc.D.S.George,FordMotorCo.J.Greenslade,CorrespondingMember,Greenslade&Co.J.J.Grey,CorrespondingMember,FastenerConsultingServices,Inc.B.Hasiuk,DefenseIndustrialSupplyCenter–PhiladelphiaA.Herskovitz,ConsultantJ.Hubbard,CorrespondingMember,RockfordFastener,Inc.M.Keller,CorrespondingMember,ParacadTechnologyCo.J.F.Koehl,CorrespondingMember,SpirolInternationalCorp.W.H.Kopke,ITWShakeproofAssemblyComponentsJ.G.Langenstein,MemberEmeritus,ConsultantW.J.Lutkus,EmhartIndustrialHeli-CoilD.McCrindle,CanadianFastenersInstituteM.D.Prasad,CorrespondingMember,GeneralMotorsCorp.J.A.Roley,CorrespondingMember,Caterpillar,Inc.W.L.Sakowski,AccountManagers,LLCS.Savoji,ITWMedalistW.Schevey,CorrespondingMember,BGMFastenerCo.,Inc.W.R.Stevens,RamcoR.D.Strong,GeneralMotorsCorp.S.W.Vass,ConsultantC.B.Wackrow,MNPCorp.W.K.Wilcox,ConsultantC.B.Williamson,FastenalCo.C.J.Wilson,IndustrialFastenersInstituteR.B.Wright,CorrespondingMember,WrightToolCo.J.G.Zeratsky,NationalRivet&ManufacturingCo.SUBCOMMITTEE18—INSPECTIONANDQUALITYASSURANCEFORFASTENERSC.B.Williamson,Chair,FastenalCo.A.L.Guzman,Secretary,TheAmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineersV.Cartina,AztechLocknutD.A.Clever,CorrespondingMember,Deere&Co.P.J.Dechant,BarnesDistributionD.S.George,FordMotorCo.J.Greenslade,Greenslade&Co.J.J.Grey,FastenerConsultingServices,Inc.J.Jennings,NavalSurfaceWarfareCenterM.Keller,ParacadTechnologyCo.W.H.King,PorteousFastenerCo.W.H.Kopke,ITWShakeproofAssemblyComponentsD.McCrindle,CanadianFastenersInstituteR.B.Meade,R.BruceMeade&Associates,LLCJ.A.Roley,Caterpillar,Inc.S.Savoji,ITWMedalistL.C.Schroeder,KansasDepartmentofTransporationG.M.Simpson,SemblexCorp.W.R.Stevens,RamcoR.D.Strong,GeneralMotorsCorp.S.W.Vass,ConsultantC.B.Wackrow,MNPCorp.P.H.Werner,SafetySocketScrewCorp.W.K.Wilcox,ConsultantC.J.Wilson,IndustrialFastenersInstitutevCORRESPONDENCEWITHTHEB18COMMITTEEGeneral.ASMEStandardsaredevelopedandmaintainedwiththeintenttorepresenttheconsensusofconcernedinterests.Assuch,usersofthisStandardmayinteractwiththeCommitteebyrequestinginterpretations,proposingrevisions,andattendingCommitteemeetings.Corre-spondenceshouldbeaddressedto:Secretary,B18StandardsCommitteeTheAmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineersThreeParkAvenueNewYork,NY10016-5990ProposingRevisions.RevisionsaremadeperiodicallytotheStandardtoincorporatechangesthatappearnecessaryordesirable,asdemonstratedbytheexperiencegainedfromtheapplicationoftheStandard.Approvedrevisionswillbepublishedperiodically.TheCommitteewelcomesproposalsforrevisionstothisStandard.Suchproposalsshouldbeasspecificaspossible,citingtheparagraphnumber(s),theproposedwording,andadetaileddescriptionofthereasonsfortheproposal,includinganypertinentdocumentation.Interpretations.Uponrequest,theB18StandardsCommitteewillrenderaninterpretationofanyrequirementoftheStandard.InterpretationscanonlyberenderedinresponsetoawrittenrequestsenttotheSecretaryoftheB18StandardsCommittee.Therequestforaninterpretationshouldbeclearandunambiguous.Itisfurtherrecommendedthattheinquirersubmithis/herrequestinthefollowingformat:Subject:Edition:Question:Citetheapplicableparagraphnumber(s)andthetopicoftheinquiry.CitetheapplicableeditionoftheStandardforwhichtheinterpretationisbeingrequested.Phrasethequestionasarequestforaninterpretationofaspecificrequirementsuitableforgeneralunderstandinganduse,notasarequestforanapprovalofaproprietarydesignorsituation.Theinquirermayalsoincludeanyplansordrawings,whicharenecessarytoexplainthequestion;however,theyshouldnotcontainproprietarynamesorinformation.RequeststhatarenotinthisformatmayberewrittenintheappropriateformatbytheCommitteepriortobeinganswered,whichmayinadvertentlychangetheintentoftheoriginalrequest.ASMEproceduresprovideforreconsiderationofanyinterpretationwhenorifadditionalinformationthatmightaffectaninterpretationisavailable.Further,personsaggrievedbyaninterpretationmayappealtothecognizantASMECommitteeorSubcommittee.ASMEdoesnot“approve,”“certify,”“rate,”or“endorse”anyitem,construction,proprietarydevice,oractivity.AttendingCommitteeMeetings.TheB18StandardsCommitteeregularlyholdsmeetings,whichareopentothepublic.PersonswishingtoattendanymeetingshouldcontacttheSecretaryoftheB18StandardsCommittee.viASMEB18.18.1-2007INSPECTIONANDQUALITYASSURANCEFORGENERALPURPOSEFASTENERS1GENERALINFORMATION1.1BasicPlanStructureThisStandardoutlinesaQualityAssurancePlanforinternallyandexternallythreadedfastenersandacces-soriesorassociatedparts.Provisionsareincludedforsamplingplans,inspectionfrequencies,controlproce-dures,andrecordkeeping.Includedinthisplanarefastenersforgeneralpurposeapplications,suchasthosewherehandassemblyisemployedandcostisprobablyofprimeconsideration.Thisplanreliesonjudiciousmanufacturingcontrolsandinspectionsbytheproducerand,shouldadisputearise,providesaninspectionplanforlotcomplianceaftershipment.ThisStandardwillbeusedinconjunctionwithotheracceptedstandardsforproduct,testing,gaging,andmaterial;therefore,thoseprovisions,aswellaspackag-ing,arenotincludedherein.nationalorinternationalStandard.Allcalibrationproce-duresshallcomplywiththerequirementsofISO17025,GeneralRequirementsfortheCompetenceofTestingandCalibrationLaboratories.1.5BasicPlanOutlineThebasicplanoutlineasshowninFig.1isincludedtoenhanceunderstandinganduse.1.6ReferencesThefollowingisalistofpublicationsreferencedinthisStandard.ASMEB1.3M,ScrewThreadGagingSystemsforAccept-ability—InchandMetricScrewThreads(UN,UNR,UNJ,M,andMJ)Publisher:TheAmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngi-neers(ASME),ThreeParkAvenue,NewYork,NY10016-5990;OrderDepartment:22LawDrive,P.O.Box2300,Fairfield,NJ07007-2300ISO17025,GeneralRequirementsfortheCompetenceofTestingandCalibrationLaboratoriesPublisher:InternationalOrganizationforStandardiza-´,CasePostale56,CH-1211,tion(ISO),1ruedeVarembe`ve20,Switzerland/SuisseGene1.2InspectionLevelsThesubstantialdifferenceinimportancetotheuserofvariouscharacteristicsandthedissimilardegreesofcontrolinmanufacturemakeimpracticalthesubjectingofallcharacteristicstothesamedegreeofinspection.Therefore,threeinspectionlevelshavebeenprovided.Anyadditionalcharacteristicsdeemedapplicablebytheuserthatdonotappearintheplanshallbeexplicitlydesignatedbytheuser,preferablyonengineeringdraw-ingsandrelatedspecificationsbytheappropriatecodeletteratthetimeofordering(seeNonmandatoryAppen-dixB).Toassistinarrivingatthemostappropriateinspectionlevel,theDecisionTableincludedinNon-mandatoryAppendixAisrecommendedforguidance.1.3LotSizesWhentheacceptancenumberforsamplingbyattri-butesisfixed,variationinsamplesizeresultsinvariationofacceptablequality.Therefore,toavoidthisinconsist-ency,fixedsamplesizesareappliedforthegreatestrangeoflotsize.Samplesizesforlotsupto250,000piecesareshowninTable1;however,forlotsizesexceeding250,000pieces,Table1,Note(2)shallapply.1.4MeasuringandTestingEquipmentAllinspectionandtestingequipmentshallbecali-bratedandtraceabletotheNationalInstituteofStan-dardsandTechnology(NIST)standardoranequivalent12GENERALPURPOSEFASTENERS2.1ScopeThisStandardoutlinestheinspectionplantobeemployedwhenlotcomplianceaftershipmentofgen-eralpurposefastenersisquestionedbytheuser.Theproducerisresponsibleforsupplyingaproductofsatis-factoryqualitythroughjudiciousmanufacturingcon-trolsandinspection.2.2ApplicableCharacteristicsThegeneralplanoutlinesthesignificantapplicablecharacteristicsthataredescribedbyrelatedspecifica-tionsandengineeringdrawings.Threelevelsofinspec-tion—A,B,andC—areemployed.Eachcharacteristicisassignedanappropriatelevel.ThesecharacteristicsandcorrespondinginspectionlevelsarelistedinTables1through3forvarioustypesofproducts.ASMEB18.18.1-2007Table1SampleSizeNondestructiveTesting[Note(1)]LotSizeUpto250,000max.LevelofInspectionABCSampleSize46148AcceptanceNumber000DestructiveTestingSampleSize841AcceptanceNumber000GENERALNOTE:Quenchcrackingobservedinasinglepiecerendersthelotsubjecttorejection.NOTES:(1)Wheresamplesizeexceedslotsize,100%inspectionistobeapplied.(2)Forlotsizesover250,000pieces,increasethesamplesizesshowninTable1bythesamepercentagethatthelotsizeexceeds250,000.Roundupifsamplesizeisnotawholenumber,(e.g.,forlotsizeof375,000piecesincreasethesamplesizeby50%).Fig.1BasicPlanOutlineGeneral PurposeFastenersManufacturing InspectionatProducer’s DiscretionShipmentB18.18.1 InspectionApplied if Lot ComplianceQuestioned After ShipmentMaximum Lot Size — 250,000 PiecesAnyadditionalcharacteristicsdeemedapplicablebytheuserthatdonotappearintheplanshallbedesig-natedbytheuser,preferablyonengineeringdrawingandrelatedspecificationsatthetimeofordering.Ifthereferenceprocedureofthisplanisappliedandanunspecifiedcharacteristicquestioned,Fig.A-1includedinNonmandatoryAppendixAshouldbeusedtoestab-lishtheinspectionlevelofthecharacteristicinquestion.22.3LotDefinitionlot:quantityoffinishedproductofonepartnumber,assembledtogetherforinspectionbytheuseraftershipment.2.4PurchasedAccessoriesandPartsAccessories,services,andpartiallyfabricatedparts(e.g.,washers,nuts,plating,heattreating,blanks,etc.)ASMEB18.18.1-2007Table2NondestructiveInspectionLevelCBBCCBCCCCCACCBBBAACAInternallyThreadedPartsNANAWAWAWAWAWAWANAWAWANANAWAWANANAWAWAWAWAExternallyThreadedPartsWAWAWAWAWAWAWAWAWAWAWAWAWANAWAWAWAWAWAWAWACharacteristic123456789101112131415161718192021BodydiameterLengthWidthacrossflatsWidthacrosscornersHeadornutthicknessWrenchingheightAngularityofbearingsurfaceBearingsurfacediameterHeaddiameterFlangediameterFlangethicknessRecesspenetrationPointdiameterCountersinkdiameteranddepthThreadacceptability[Note(1)]TotalthreadlengthGriplengthSlotwidthSlotdepthSlotalignmentsandlocationVisualinspection[Note(2)]GENERALNOTES:(a)WA—whenapplicable(b)NA—notapplicableNOTES:(1)Unlessotherwisespecifiedintheproductstandardorbythecustomer,allthreadswillbeinspectedusingASMEB1.3M,System21.(2)Visualinspectionforgradeandsourceidentification,presenceoffinish,duds,headand/orflangeeccentricity,flangeflatness,radiusunderhead,typeofwasher,presenceoflockingfeature,close-nessofthreadtohead,andgeneralworkmanship.RefertoTable1forsamplesize.maybepurchasedbytheprimecontractorfromothersuppliersforuseinproductionoffasteners;however,theprimecontractorshallbesolelyresponsibleforthequalityofthefinalproduct.2.5InspectionforLotComplianceAfterShipmentWhenpartshavebeenfoundthattheuserconsidersnonconforming,thefollowinginspectionprocedurewillapply:(a)Arandomsampleshallbeobtainedfromthelotandjointlyinspectedbytheuserandmanufacturer,orasmutuallyagreedto,forthecharacteristic(s)inquestion.(b)Thesamplesizeandacceptance/rejectioncriteriashallbeinaccordancewithTable1foreachlevelofinspectionandforeachindividualcharacteristic.Intheeventofrejection,suitabledispositionofthelotshallbenegotiatedbytheuserandthemanufacturer.3ASMEB18.18.1-2007Table3DestructiveInspectionLevelCBBACCBBBBABBAInternallyThreadedPartsNAWANAWANAWANANAWANANAWAWAWAExternallyThreadedPartsWANAWAWAWAWAWAWAWAWAWAWAWAWACharacteristic1234567891011121314Proofload—externallythreadedProofload—internallythreadedTensilestrength(wedgeoraxial)Hardness[Note(1)]CasedepthDecarburizationTorsionalstrengthDrivetestPrevailingtorque[Note(2)]WasherhardnessDuctilityPlatingthicknessSaltsprayHydrogenembrittlementGENERALNOTES:(a)WA—whenapplicable(b)NA—notapplicableNOTES:(1)Surface,core,orbothasappropriate.(2)Prevailingtorquetestincludesthreadstartandallspecifiedtorquerequirements.RefertoTable1forsamplesize.4ASMEB18.18.1-2007NONMANDATORYAPPENDIXAINSPECTIONLEVELDECISIONTABLEFig.A-1InspectionLevelDecisionTableMinorNote (1)MajorNote (2)YesNoYesNote (2)NoInspection levelsCBANOTES:(1)Ischaracteristicclassifiedasmajororminor?(Amajorcharacteristicmateriallyaffectstheusabilityoftheproductforitsintendedpurpose;aminorcharacteristicdoesnot.)(2)Ischaracteristicsetbytoolingormaterial(notsubjecttorapidchangeduringproduction)?5ASMEB18.18.1-2007NONMANDATORYAPPENDIXBORDERINGINFORMATIONB-1SPECIFICATIONSThefollowingshouldbeincludedintheorderinginformation:(a)numberandtitleofdocument(b)exceptionsEXAMPLES:(1)ASMEB18.18.1M,InspectionandQualityAssuranceforGeneralPurposeFasteners.(2)ThreadacceptabilityshallbebasedonthethreadacceptabilityparagraphinASMEB1.3M,ScrewThreadGagingSystemsforAcceptability—InchandMetricScrewThreads(UN,UNR,UNJ,M,andMJ)withanAinspectionlevel.6M19007
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