中考英语形容词和副词复习
中考考点
1.形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的构成规则、基本句型及其用法。
2.形容词作表语和定语的用法。
3.副词作状语的用法。
一、形容词的一般用法:
形容词是指用来修饰、说明名词或不定代词,表示人或物的性质、特征和状态。一般放在它所修饰的名词前作定语,也可独立作表语或宾语补足语等。
作定语:a good girl 一个好女孩 an interesting story 一个有趣的故事
作表语:The meal is delicious.这顿饭很好吃。 Yao Ming is very tall.姚明很高
做宾补:Don't make your hands dirty.不要弄脏你的手
We're trying to make our school beautiful 我们努力让我们的学校变得漂亮。
(1)“基数词名词形容词”可构成复合形容词,用作定语。复合形容词中的名词只用单数,而且复合形容词只放在被修饰的名词前。如:an eightyearold boy 一个8岁的男孩
(2)形容词与不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything等连用时,要放在这些
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词后面。
如: There is something wrong with my DVD machine. It's nothing serious.
(3)有些形容词只能作表语。如:alone, afraid, asleep,awake, alive, well(健康的), ill, frightened等。
如: That old man feels alone because his children are out.
I'm afraid he can't come.
The boy is alone
(4)the+形容词,表示一类人或物,其作用相当于一个名词
如:the old 老人,the young(年轻人),the poor(穷人), the rich(富人)
(5)enough作形容词时,既可放在被修饰的名词前,也可放在被修饰的名词后。
如:I have enough money. 我有足够的钱。
We have money enough to buy every book here. 我们的钱足以买这里的每一本书。
(6)形式像副词的形容词。如:lonely,friendly, lively, lovely,sisterly, brotherly,等。
(7)形容词的常用句式:
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①“It's+adj.+of+sb+不定式”表示“某人做某事……”。这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词,如: good, kind, nice, polite, clever, foolish, lazy, careful, careless, right, wrong等。
②“It's+adj.+for+sb+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说……”。这一句型中常用描述做某事性质的形容词,如:important, necessary, difficult, easy, hard, dangerous, safe, useful, pleasant, interesting, impossible等。
二、副词的一般用法
副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子,有时也能修饰名词,表示时间、地点、方式、程度、动作、频度等,在句中主要用作状语。
(1)副词修饰动词,告诉我们动作是怎样进行的,什么时候进行或者在什么地方发生的,一般位于动词之后。
如:They went to the park early yesterday.
We must study hard.
(2)副词修饰形容词或副词,则告诉我们这些形容词或副词的程度如何,一般位于这些词前。
如:Michael Jordan jumps very high.
Dai Yuqiang sings quite well.
(3)频率副词修饰动词时,位于连系动词和助动词之后,行为动词之前。
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如:Mr. Wang usually comes to school on foot.
The boy is often ill.
(4)already和yet的区别:
already用于陈述句,一般用于句中,译为“已经”;
yet用于疑问句时译为“已经”,但用在否定句中则译为“尚未,还没有”,一般都放于句末。
如: The train has already arrived. I have already read the book.
Have you found your book yet? I have not finished my homework yet.
(5)ever用于疑问句或带if的肯定句中或含hardly等否定意义的肯定句中,表示“曾经”一般要放在动词前面;它不用于现在完成时的简略回答,而要用Yes, I have或No, never表示。
如:The old man hardly ever goes out. ( hardly ever 可译为:几乎从不 )
“Have you ever been to the new library?” “No, never”.
(6)形容词与副词的相互转变:
形容词是用来修饰名词,副词是用来修饰动词,形容词或其它副词,它们在具体应用中可以互相转化,规律如下:
a. 在形容词词尾直接加-ly,构成副词。如: usual-usually, bad-badly等。 [注]:不是所有以
-ly结尾的单词都是副词,某些名词后加-ly可以转化为形容词。
b. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词,变y为i,再加-ly,如:heavy-heavily, happy-happily等,并且要注意这些单词的变化:polite-politely, true-truly, terrible-terribly等。
三、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的规则变化
四、三级的用法
(一)原级的用法
1、只能修饰原级的词有very, quite, so, too等。如:
The old man is too tired to walk on. 那个老人太累了以至于不能再继续走了。
2、原级常用的句型结构
(1)“as+形容词原级/副词原级+as ”表示“和……程度相同”。
如:Lucy is as old as Kate. 露西和凯特的年龄一样大。
Tom runs as fast as Mike. 汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。
The building is as high as that tower. 这座大楼和那座塔一样高。
(2)“ not+as/so+形容词原级/副词原级+as ” 表示“不如……”,“和……不一样”。
如:This classroom is not as big as that one.这间教室不如那间大。
He doesn't walk as slowly as you. 他走路不像你那样慢。
My computer is not so(as) expensive as yours. 我的电脑不如你的贵重。
(3)\"as many / few + 可数名词复数 + as\"或\" as much / little + 不可数名词 + as \"结构。前者描述数目上的接近;后者描述量的相近。
如: You may borrow as many books as you can.你能借多少书就借多少。
\"Drink as much water as you can,\" the doctor said to him. 医生对他说:\"你要尽可能地多喝些水。\"(二)比较级常用的句型结构。比较级前常用much, even, a little, a bit, a lot, far等词修饰
(1)主语+谓语动词+比较级+than any other+单数名词
主语 + 谓语动词+比较级 + than the other 可数名词复数\"
表示“A比同一范围内的任何一个人/物都……”,含义是“A最……”。
如:①Xiaoming is taller than any other boy in his class.小明是他班上最高的男孩。
=Xiaoming is taller than(any of)the other boys in his class.
=Xiaoming is the tallest boy in his class.
②Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.上海是中国最大的城市。
③Li Ming is much cleverer than any other student in their class. 李明是他们班中最聪明的学生。
(2)主语+谓语动词+the+比较级+of the two+……”表示“A是两者中较……的”。
如: Look at the two boys. Xiaoming is the taller of the two. 看那两个男孩,小明是两个当中较高的那个。
(3)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。
如:He is getting taller and taller.他越来越高了。
He does his homework more and more carefully.他做作业越来越认真了。
(4)“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,就越……”。
如:The harder you work,the better your grades will be.你越努力学习,你的成绩就越好。
The more difficult the questions are, the less likely he is able to answer them. 问题越难,他回答出来的可能性就越小
(5)“特殊疑问词+v.+比较级,A or B?”
如:Which is bigger, the blue ball or the red one?哪一个大,蓝球还是红球?
(6)would rather ... than,
prefer ... to ..., 虽无比较级形式,但表示比较级含义。
prefer to do ... rather than ...
如: She would rather die than give in. 她宁死不屈。
I prefer playing basketball to going to the cinema. 我宁愿打篮球也不愿去看电影。
He preferred to go out rather than stay home. 他宁愿出去也不愿呆在家里。
(三)最高级常用句型结构
(1)“主语+v.+the+最高级+(单数名词)+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。
如:①Tom is the tallest (student) in his class.汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的。
=Tom is the tallest of all the students.
②I jump the furthest in my class.我是我们班跳得最远的。
(2)“主语+v.+one of the+最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……之一”。
如:Beijing is one of the biggest cities in China.北京是中国最大的城市之一。
(3)“特殊疑问词+v.+the+最高级,A,B,or C?”用于三者以上的比较。
如:Which season do you like best,spring, summer or autumn?你最喜欢哪一个季节,春
天,夏天还是秋天?
(4)“主语+v.+the+序数词+最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中的第几……”。
如:Tom is the tallest boy in his class.汤姆是他们班第二高的男生。
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