Greeting Words: Good morning Ladies and gentlemen, it’s so nice to meet youhere. My name is Jo, come from China International Travel Agency, and I’ll beyour guide for these 3 days in Henan. On behalf of CITA, welcome to Henan.Hereseated our driver Mr Lee, who has good skills and rich experience in driving.During your stay in Henan, we two would do our utmost to make your staypleasant!And your cooperation would be appreciated! If any requirement isneeded,please just feel free to let us know. We would be pleased to helpyou.Wish you a wonderful stay in Henan! Thank you! Now our car is drivingon the__X expressway, it takes about three hours to our destination—X__ scenic area.During this period of time, I’d like to give you a brief introduction aboutHenan and the place we’re going to visit. Henan, one of the largest provinceswith richest tourism resources in China, has numerous tourist attractions ofboth naturalness and humanity, and it is hard to name them over.Among them, theX__ is one of the tourist attractions with widest popularity in the world. Now,let’s focus on it and talk it over in detail and try to keep some of the mainpoints in mind since we’re going to pay a visit to it .
Now, we have arrived at the __X scenic spot, please close the windowtightly, carry on your belongings and get off the bus. Our car number Yu A12345,and my phone number isplease bear them in mind. At12:00pm, we’resupposed to assemble here, please hold the time.
The ShaoLin Temple The shaolin temple was first completed in 495, duringthe reign of Northern Wei Dynasty. In 527, Bodhidharma, the disciple ofSakyamuni of the 28th generation came here to practice Zen creed. As it wasconcealed in the thick woods of the shaoshi hill, it was given the name ShaolinTemple meaning “temple in the woods of Shaoshi Hill”. As you know, the shaolintemple is widely known not only for its ancient and mysterious Buddhist culture,but also for its martial arts, that is Kungfu in Chinese, which enjoys atradition of some 20__ years. So that’s the saying “Chinese Kungfu taking thefirst place under the heaven” and “the best kungfu originating from shaolintemple.” In the year 20__, the temple sightseeing zone was designated to be oneof the AAAAA-grade tourist attractions of China by the National TourismAdministration
Now we’re standing in front of the Front Gate Hall. Please look up at theplaque hanging above the lintel, and you’ll find the plaque bears three Chinesecharacters, Shaolin Si, the name of the temple. This is said to be handwrittenby Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty. This work is very precious because theemperor rarely wrote. Ok please follow me. Just now, we have visited the FrontGate Hall, steles, ginkgos, and the Hall of the Heavenly Kings, and now, we arejust in the principal hall in the temple, the Hall of Mahavira. This hall isenshrined with three main Buddhas in the central part. They are Sakyamuni Buddhasitting in the middle and Pharmacist Buddha of the Eastern Glazed World andAmitabha Buddha from the Western Paradise sitting on both sides. Along the gablewalls, sit 18 Buddhist Arhats, who were enlightened Buddhist monks. On bothsides in front of the Hall of Mahavira, stand the Bell Tower and the Drum Towersymmetrically. They were rebuilt in 1994 used to report hours for the temple.Normally the bell is used in the morning, while the drum, in the afternoon,hence the saying “morning bell and afternoon drum”. In front of the Bell Toweris the stele called “the Stele of Li Shimin” telling the story about how themonks from the Shaolin Temple rescued Prince Li Shimin from being pursued andattacked by Wang Shichong during the late Sui Dynasty. Li Shimin, who laterbecame the Emperor of the Tang Dynasty wrote the inscriptions on the stelepersonally,and left with a signature of Shi min on the stele. Ok please comewith me, we are going to the next hall. So now, the pavilion in front of us, notlike the Zangjingge and the Abbot’s rooms we visited just now, enjoys a movingstory. It’s named Dharma’s Pavilion or Lixue Pavilion, that is “Standing in thesnow” in English. It says: After Boddhi Dharma came to China, many ChineseBuddhist believers wanted to be his followers, and Shengguang was the mostprominent of all of them. He
always followed him whenever and wherever he went and served Dharma withheart and soul. But Dharma didn’t agree to accept Shengguang as a disciple.Shengguang didn’t lose heart and became even more steadfast. On a snowy night,he begged as usual with Budhidharma outside, standing in the knee-high snow. Themaster set forward a prerequisite: he would not meet his demand unless it wouldsnow in red flakes. Suddenly Shengguang drew out the sword and cut off his leftarm and stained the snowy ground. Bodhidharma was so moved that he passed hismantle, alms bowl and musical instruments on to Shengguang and gave him aBuddhist name of Huike. He was regarded as the second founder of the Zen sect.Emperor Qianlong wrote a phrase on a plaque in commemoration Alright everyone,now we are in the last hall, Pilu Hall, also called a Thousand Buddha Hall. It’salso the largest structure of the Shaolin Temple. This is just the highlight ofthe sightseeing zone. So until now, the visit in the Shaolin Temple is almostover. I think you may have some questions about the temple, or you want to takesome photos. So, please do remember, you have half an hour. After half an hourwe will gather in our bus, and make sure you’ll be there on time. And then weare going to the Pagoda Forest. Thank you for your attention!
The longmen grottoes Around 13 km south of Luoyang, there are twopicturesque hills confronting each other with the Yi River flowing northwardbetween them, connected by an arched stone bridge resembling a natural gatetower. This is the right place named Longmen, where the well-known LongmenGrottoes is located. The grottoes, which earns the fame of one of the ThreeTreasure Houses of Stone Sculpture in China, was created over 1500 years age. Itwas first known in the year 493 AD, when Emperor Xiaowen moved his capital toLuoyang from Datong, Shannxi Province, which marked the initiation ofdevelopment and expanse of Buddhism in Central China. It prolongs for 1000meters from north to south. According to the statistics conducted in recentyears, there are 2300 caves and niches with over 100000 Buddhist figures. Inaddition, more than 2800 tablet inscriptions and some 40 Buddhist pagodas werepreserved in or out of the caves.
Now, we’ve got to the grottoes. In front of you, here is the Qianxi Temple.It was built in the early Tang Dynasty around 640 AD. It has altogether 7Buddhist statues inside, of which, AmitabhaBuddha is sitting in the central partwith 2 of his favorite disciples, 2 Bodhisattvas, and 2 Heavenly Kings. Pleasecome with me. Now we are in front of the Bin yang Caves. The Bin yang Cavesconsist of 3 large caves, the North, the Middle and the South caves. The Mid andthe South caves were built under Emperor Xuanwu for practicing the merits andvirtues for his diseased parents, late Emperor Xiaowen and late EmpressDowagerWenzhao. While the North Bin yang cave was added for the late EmperorXuanwu by a eunuch in the palace. In the Western Hill of Longmen, there areseveral “the most” caves to feast your eyes. Just now, we visited theTen-thousand Buddha Cave with 15000 Buddhist images, which has the most Buddhaimages, and the Lotus Cave with 2cm-high Buddha images, which are the tiniestBuddha images. And now, we’ve come to another “most”, the Fengxian Temple.Fengxian Temple was built in the Tang Dynasty and it is the largest grotto inLongmen Temple with a width of 36 meters and a length of 41 meters. The mostimpressive figure is the statue of Vairocana Buddha sitting cross-legged on theeight-square lotus throne. It is 17.14 meters in total height with the head4meters in height and the ears 1.9 meters in length. At the sides of Vairocanathere are two statues of Vairocana Buddha's disciples, Kasyapa and Ananda,wearing prudent and devout expressions,next are 2 Bodhisattvas, Heavenly Kings,and
Great Men of Strength. Vairocana means illuminating all things in thesutra. The Buddha has a well-filled figure, a sacred and kindly expression andan elegant smile. The chief Buddha gives you an impression of dignified manner,magnificent looking, wise, farsighted and kind nature. The various appearancesand delicate designs are the representations of Empire Tang's powerful materialand spiritual strength as well as the high crystallization of people's wisdoms.Looking around the overall arrangement, we would rather say that the FengxianTemple is a scene of a grand imperial court than a spot of Buddhism. Generallyspeaking, the Fengxian Temple is the most magnificent and artistic among all theshrines of the Tang Dynasty as well as an example of success in integratingpolitics with Buddhism in ancient China. Ok everyone, now you can take photoshere. Or you can ask questions that you don’t understand. After 15 minutes wewill gather right here. See you then.
Yuntai Mountain Situated in Xiuwu county, Hennan province, Yuntai Mountainhas edged onto the China National Natural Heritage Candidate List due to itsunique geological landforms, rich natural resources and cultural relics. It ischaracterized by its structural cuesta, flying waterfalls on faulted cliffs,quiet valleys and clear springs.Known as a world geopark, it was one of thefirst world geoparks to be approved by the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization in 20__. The park is known for its massivegardening areas, overhanging high cliffs, flying waterfalls, secluded valleysand spring water, with a spring in every 3 steps, a waterfall in every 5 steps,a pond in every 10 steps .Covering an area of 190sqm, the scenic spot iscomposed of many sightseeing places, such as Tan pu Gorge, Quanpu Gorge, RedStone Gorge, Zifang Lake, Macaque Valley etc.
游客们,你们好!我是__行社的导游小__我们现在位于洛阳市的龙门石窟,由我带领大家进入龙门石窟窟内,愉快的龙门石窟一日游开始了!
龙门石窟的发现年代、建造年代十分复杂。龙门石窟由成千上万个洞窟组成,有潜溪寺,有莲花洞,有药方洞,有古阳洞,还有香山寺、白园、万佛洞,数也数不清。
我们先来看看莲花洞,“莲花洞”这个名字也是有来头的。您看,窟顶雕刻着一朵硕大精美的高浮雕莲花,“莲花洞”这名字就是根据这朵莲花取的。莲花是佛教象征的名物,意思为:出污泥而不染。洞内有一佛二弟子二菩萨。您能看见,左侧弟子的头部没有了,是因为头部早年被盗,现在只能在法国吉美博物馆里见到了。大家看莲花洞南壁上方,有一个个小小的佛像,它是龙门石窟最小的佛像,仅有2厘米高,这些高不盈寸的小千佛栩栩如生,可以想到,当时的雕刻技艺是多么精湛啊!
看完莲花洞,我们又来到了药方洞。药方洞因窟门刻有诸多唐代药方得名。它始凿于北魏晚期,经东魏,北齐,到唐代仍有雕刻,药方洞的药方是中国最早的石刻药方。
龙门石窟现在已经遭到严重的破坏。除了极少数的佛像外,大多数佛像的头部均遭到破坏,难以其整体造型。但是剩下的部分足以说明艺术水平之高超、神态之曼妙,我希望大家好好保护这些文物。
龙门石窟还有个传说呢。相传远古时期,洛阳南面有一大片烟波浩淼的湖水,周围青山苍翠,芳草萋萋。人们在山上放牧,在湖里捕鱼。村里有个勤劳的孩子,天天到山上牧羊,常常听到从地下传来“开不开”的奇怪声音,回到家便把这件事告诉母亲,母亲想了想,告诉他,如果再听到这种声音就回答“开”!谁知一声未了,天崩地裂,龙门石窟顷刻从山中间裂开,湖水顷出,奔腾咆哮着绕过洛阳城,流向东海。水流之后,龙门石窟就出现了。
游客们,愉快的一天就这么快结束了,希望你们玩得开心哟!让我们下次再见!
游客朋友们,我们现在要参观的是洛阳龙门石窟,你知道它为什么叫“龙门”吗?这要从地形说起,这里的地形为三山夹一水,远远望去,犹如一道天然的门阙,所以古称“伊阙”。隋炀帝建都洛阳后,因为宫城门正对伊阙,古代帝王又都以真龙天子自居,因此,隋炀帝时改称“龙门”。
龙门石窟凿于北魏孝文帝迁都洛阳前后(大约493年),经历了东魏、西魏、北齐、隋、唐和北宋等朝代,断续雕刻达400余件,现有窟龛2345个,碑刻题记2800块,佛塔80座,造像10万尊,内容除佛像外,涉及建筑、服饰、音乐、书法等,如同包罗万象的艺术博物馆,是全国重点文物保护单位、国家5A级景区,20_年被列入世界文化遗产名录。龙门石窟中雕刻最大、艺术最精,最具代表性的当属唐代开凿的奉先寺了。那么现在,我带领大家前往奉先寺参观。
大家抬头请看,几个台阶之上的正是著名的奉先寺,它是唐高宗所建,为政治需要,武则天曾捐2万贯脂粉钱。历时三年零九个月于675年竣工。寺内有一佛、二弟子、二菩萨、二天王、二力士及二供养人等一铺十一尊大像。造像布局匀称,俨然一个佛国朝廷,大家请看,这就是主佛“卢舍那”,它通高17.14米,头高4米,耳长1.9米,面相丰满圆润,方额广颐,美若弯月,双目俯视,炯炯有神,您看它略带微笑,仿佛给人已深深的同情和殷殷的关切。整尊造像,给人一种庄严肃穆之感,应是理想化的圣贤形象,我们来仔细端祥它,你有没有发现无论你站在他面前的那个位置,他都在注视着你呢?石刻的眼睛为什么这么传神?对了,这正是雕像的画龙点眼之处,卢舍那的双目,采用阴刻方法,把眼球雕洞浅凹进去,又保持瞳孔的突出,利用光线反差也就造就出了大佛睿智深邃的目光,配以少垂的佛首,使朝拜者的目光与大佛目光交汇时,畏而不惧,可亲可敬。
在卢舍那佛的左侧是弟子迦叶,一位饱经风霜的老僧形象;右侧阿难,他年轻睿智,整个一帅小伙子,旁边衣着华丽端庄矜持,二天王严肃威武硕壮有力,力士们坚毅勇猛,性格暴躁,以及那无所畏惧倾力承托的地鬼。无不形神兼备,惟妙惟俏,整个布局反映了唐代高超技艺,折射出当时佛教的繁荣和唐朝国力的强大。
出了奉先寺,我们再来参观北魏的代表作——莲花洞。因洞顶雕有一大浮雕莲花而得名。莲花是佛教象征的名物,意为出淤泥而不染,因此,佛教石窟窟顶多以莲花作装饰,但像莲花洞窟顶这样硕大精美的高浮雕可并不多见,洞内正壁为尊式造像。主佛释迦牟尼身穿袈裟,衣襟简洁明快,这是释迦牟尼的游说像,释迦牟尼外出讲经说法时就是这种形象。两侧弟子是浅浮雕,左侧迦叶深目高鼻手持锡杖,似一西域苦行僧形象,龙门石窟中最小的佛象2厘米高,这些高不盈寸的小千佛如此生动细致雕于莲花洞坚硬的石壁,实为龙门一绝!洞口北壁崖壁有“伊阙”二字,这是明代河南巡抚赵岩所题词,证明了“龙门”的原称。
好了,各位游客,由于时间关系,先讲到这里,请大家自由参观,谢谢!
朋友们,现在我们面前的这三座洞窟合成为宾三洞。它是北魏孝文帝迁都洛阳后,统一规划、有计划开凿的,因并排布局而得名。“宾阳”来源于《尧典》中的“寅宾日出”意为迎接初升的太阳。可能有的朋友已经发现了,南北二洞和中间的主窟风格迥异,截然不同,这是怎么回事呢?原来呀,在开凿的过程中北魏宫廷突然发生了内乱,打断了宾阳洞的雕刻工作,所以,北魏皇室经营的大型洞窟——宾阳三洞,实际上只完成了一个中洞,而南北两洞则由以后的隋唐两朝完成。这三座洞窟开凿的时间最长,历时长达20_年还未完工,用工多达80多万。宾阳中洞是北魏宣武帝为其父母孝文帝及文昭皇太后祈福做功德而开凿。主尊为现在世佛释迦牟尼,在它左边是过去世燃灯佛,右边是未来世佛弥勒佛。其实在洞中有两幅壁画可谓精美绝伦,就是在洞口内壁两侧,原各有一副大型浮雕分别是《皇帝礼佛图》和《皇后礼佛图》,展现当时宫廷佛事活动的场面,可惜这两处浮雕在20世纪30年代被盗走,现分别藏美国纽约大都会博物馆和堪萨斯州纳尔逊艺术博物馆。大家请随我继续往前走,再登几十步台阶就到奉先寺了,举世闻名的卢舍那大佛就在寺中。奉先寺顾名思义,就是供奉祖先的意思,开凿于唐高宗咸亨三年,即公元672年,于675年完工,皇后武则天曾捐脂粉钱两万贯用来加速工程的完工。它是龙门石窟中雕刻最大、艺术最精、气势最磅礴、最具代表性的重要石窟。好了,各位游客,现在呈现在我们面前的这尊大佛就是卢舍那大佛了。“卢舍那“是梵文音译,即光明普照的意思。卢舍那大佛通高17.14米,头高4米,耳长1.9米。为什么不零不整偏偏是17.14米呢?其中暗藏不少玄机:因为7是佛的数字,天的数字,佛语有曰:“救人一命胜造七级浮屠。”我们看,这17.14米,包含了一个10,意十全十美,而14拆开正好是两个7,再加上第一个7,就有三个7了,拥有三个7的卢舍那大佛就是无限大、无限尊崇,功德圆满了!
有人把卢舍那大佛比作东方的“蒙娜莉萨”,说她是善良和美貌的化身。的确如此,不信,您看,她的嘴角微微上翘,目光下垂,略作俯视态,两道弯眉如钩似月,满脸的笑意,一派慈眉善目的神韵。每次看到卢舍那大佛的微笑,总会让人感到如沐春风,无论您从哪个角度看她,她的目光都会和您有所交流,仿佛智者的询问,长着的关切,母亲的慈爱!在这里,我们感受到了无限的情亲和慈爱,这种由天上到人间,由出世到入世,从虚幻到现实的转变,不正是中国儒家思想在雕塑艺术上的折射反映吗?这是艺术的觉醒,人性的觉醒,中国佛教艺术经历了漫长的岁月,在唐代终于完成了它的中国化进程,中国佛教艺术在洛阳龙门奉先寺也达到了一个光辉的顶点,所以,李泽厚先生才会说:卢舍那大佛是中国古代雕塑艺术的最高典范。在20_年申报世界文化遗产的时候,所有的评委都认为是咱们卢舍那大佛的微笑征服了全世界。另外大家看卢舍那两侧站立的二弟子,左为迦叶,严谨庄重,饱经风霜;右为阿难,聪明温顺,擅长记忆。他们的旁边分别站立的是菩萨、天王、力士以及供养天人,形象逼真,栩栩如生。整个奉先寺造像主次分明,比例浑然一体,既注重形式美,又注重准确表达思想内容。奉先寺以其流利的线条,高潮的技艺,玄秘的宗教幻化为一首壮丽的交响乐章,与自然混合,夺人心魄。好了,各位朋友,参观了这么雄伟的雕刻,是否也让你的心灵受之震撼了呢,那么请拿起您手中的相机,留下这份心情。景区的主要讲解到这里就结束了,接下来的时间留给大家自由活动,11点钟我们准时在这里集合。
灵山寺
灵山寺始建于公元1163年,距今已有800多年,明清两代几经重修,大悲阁.大雄宝殿梁柱仍为金代建筑。灵山寺原名报恩寺,传说凤凰山为周灵王逝安之处,因而得名灵山。寺又因山得名灵山寺。
灵山寺又名“凤凰寺”、“报忠寺”、“报恩寺”,位于河南宜阳县城西8公里凤凰山北麓,前临临洛河,依山建寺。山溪萦绕寺前,潺潺东流,风景幽美。
灵山寺始建于宋真宗年是(约998-1020年间),距今约有千年。始建者为憨体老祖,据《宜阳县志》中“报恩寺图”所示,寺内主体建筑有山门、前殿、毗庐殿、大雄殿、藏经后楼,以及左右配殿六座。毗庐殿和大雄宝殿面宽、进深各三间,单檐歇山顶,斗拱等保留有金朝遗构。后遭天灾人祸,寺院毁坏,民国八年,心空法师募资重修灵山寺。现存建筑有山门阁、中佛殿、天王殿、大雄宝殿、藏经楼、东西祖师楼等。
灵山寺最独特的建筑为山门阁楼,此阁楼坐南朝北,下部为一砖筑平台,风格独特。灵山寺大雄殿内有明朝佛像三尊,即“三世佛”,栩栩如生,为河南省现存最早的泥塑作品,被列为河南省重点保护文物。灵山寺镇寺之宝为七级四面石砖塔,为明成化十七年所建造。寺门有千年银杏树,苍老挺拔。
相传很早很早以前,印度国有舅甥二人,前来中国寻访名山胜地。行至东周国都洛阳西南、洛河南岸,但见一山,林幽泉清,景山绝佳,为一路之上所罕见。便筑庐山间,虔诚修行。多年之后,舅舅因年迈体弱过世,甥儿却修成正果,以后在山上弘法传教,香火旺盛,后世弟子皆尊称他“释迦牟尼”,那座山就是灵山,灵山寺即当年释迦牟尼筑庐虔修之处。有关资料还说:1948年,杨成武将军挥师南进,途经宜阳,为保护灵山寺,曾亲题“保护古迹,人人有责”红旗一面,高插灵山山头。
郑州是河南省省会,中国重要的内陆开放城市和历史文化名城,也是中国中部地区正在崛起的现代化商贸城市。
她偎依在黄河南岸、嵩山之东,与七朝古都开封和九朝古都洛阳东西相临,东南面向黄淮平原,辖5市1县6区。郑州北距北京760公里,南距武汉514公里,东距连云港570公里,西距西安480公里。
郑州历史悠久,文化灿烂,旅游资源丰富。轩辕黄帝故里、裴李岗文化遗址、大河村遗址、商城遗址等记载了她8000多年的文明史,以黄河游览区、大河村遗址为主的黄河有中国特色文化旅游群和以少林寺、嵩山国家森林公园为主的嵩山风景名胜区给郑州增添了无穷的魅力。
郑州属暖温带大陆性气候,其特点是:四季分明,气温适中,光照充足,旅游活动不受季节限制。特别是严冬初春来郑州旅游,既能体会“雪飘冰封”和“春寒料峭”的乐趣,又能享受淡季优惠的价格,增添旅途愉快。但冬季在郑州旅游,寒冷而干燥,要穿羽绒衣或大衣。春秋季节,冷暖适中,可着毛衣、风衣;夏季炎热多雨,注意携带雨具。
面积:总面积7446.2平方公里,其中市区面积1013.3平方公里
现在我们来到有千古名园美誉的禹王台风景区观光游览。
禹王台风景区位于开封市的东南隅,占地面积400亩,是一个古典园林式的公园,园林布局是以名胜古迹古吹台为主景,以五大植物园:樱花园、牡丹园、芳春园、石榴园、科普园为主体的文化休憩公园。我们现在所看到的就是开封著名的名胜古迹--古吹台,已经经历了2500多年的历史,被列为省级文物保护单位。为什么叫古吹台呢?春秋时期,晋国有一位双目失明的音乐家名叫师旷,他的音乐造诣很深,是晋平公驾下的一名乐师,他经常在这座高台上弹奏乐器,人们为了纪念师旷,就把这座高台叫古吹台。到了明代嘉靖二年(公元1523年)由于黄河泛滥成灾,人们饱经水患,谈水色变,为了纪念历史上治水有功的大禹,改古吹台为禹王台。
现在古吹台上所存的建筑是清代康熙七年(公元1668年)重建的,距今已有300多年的历史了,它的整座建筑,都具有典型的清代建筑风格。我们看到的这个四柱三门式的木牌坊是为了纪念春秋时期晋国盲人音乐家师旷而修建的,它初建于清代的乾隆二十七年,牌坊上“古吹台”三个大字是清代河南巡抚题写的。
现在请大家随我到古吹台上参观。首先我们看到的这座楼叫御书楼,是为了供奉康熙三十三年(公元1694年)康熙皇帝为大禹治水亲笔题写“功存河洛”匣额而建造并得名的,各位可以到御书楼上欣赏清代康熙、乾隆二帝的塑像和书法。第一组塑像是“康熙御书”,说的是康熙皇帝在古吹台上为大禹治水题写“功存河洛”匾额落款时的情景。在此康熙还题写了“嵩高峻极”、“灵渎安阑”、“昌明仁义”三个匾额分别赐于河南各地。第二组塑像是“乾隆吟诗”,说的是清乾隆皇帝在乾隆十五年(公元1750年)巡幸河南,来到开封古吹台时写下一首五言律诗的情景。在禹王台的后面,专门建有刻着这首言律诗的御碑亭。
御书楼下还保存着珍贵的康有为书法石刻。康有为是中国近代维新派领袖,又是保皇党首领,除了政治上的作为以外,其书法自成一体,还是一位著名的书法家。我们现在来看看他的书法杰作,这十块石刻是康有为在1923年应河南省督理张子衡的盛情邀请来到开封,在为他饯行的酒宴上即席挥笔,写下此诗以作留念的。我们现在欣赏的诗、书都是康有为的得意之作,也是碑刻中的珍品。
看过御书楼的碑刻,请大家到师旷祠参观。请看这个神态自若、跪坐抚琴的塑像,就是曾经在古吹台上弹奏乐器的晋国盲人音乐家师旷。师旷音乐技艺非常全面,能够弹奏各种乐器。《史记.乐书》中记载,师旷给晋平公弹琴,引来玄鹤起舞,天地动容,《淮南子.原道篇》中记载“师旷之聪,合八方之调”,说他有辨别八方风乐调的才能。他还是一个出色的作曲家,据说古曲极品《阳春白雪》东曲就是师旷所作而留传下来的。春秋时期,开封是魏国南部边境的一个小镇,当时叫仪邑,仪邑的百姓们为了纪念师旷,就把他经常弹奏曲子的地方叫“吹台”,年深日久,吹台已成为远古之事,人们就把这座台子叫作“古吹台”。
离开了师旷祠,我们进入禹王台的主殿--禹王庙。禹王庙是为了纪念古代治水有功的大禹而修建的,它初建于明代嘉靖二年(公元1523年)。东展室是大禹治水三过家门而不入的塑像,西展室是大禹治水成功后亲笔书写的文字--夏禹碑以及夏禹碑的译文和白话文。中间的这座禹王殿是古吹台之上的主体建筑,里面所立大禹塑像原来是一座八尺高铜像,铜像在1927年被毁,现在的这个塑像是1981年7月浙江美术学院的艺术家按照大禹陵的塑像原样制作的,像高5米。殿内东西两侧是大幅仿汉代的砖雕壁画,内容是大禹治水图和治水完工以后的庆功图。殿内后墙壁上四块石刻为大禹碑原碑,是清光绪二十三年(公元1897年)河南巡抚刘树棠刻制的,其碑文主要内容是歌颂大禹治水的丰功伟绩。
大殿西侧院是水德祠。水德祠始建于明代正德年间(公元1506年),奉祀自战国时期至清代的38位治水有功者,各立牌位。改建后的水德祠内新增雕塑三尊,中间的这也是战国时期魏国人史起,东边的这位是元代人贾鲁,西边的这位是清代民族英雄林则徐。水德祠中所奉把的38位治水有功者,大多数都是我国历史上的水利学家,都是曾经对治理水患做过贡献的人。东西两侧排放着38位治水有功者的牌位,其中包括战国时期两位、汉代七位、明代七位、清代七位。水德祠充分反映了饱经水患的开封人对治水有功者的颂祷和怀念。
大殿东侧院是三贤祠。三贤祠建于明代(公元1517年);是明代河南巡抚毛伯有感于唐代大诗人李白、杜甫、高适曾同登吹台饮酒赋诗而特意建造的。主殿有“三贤相聚”塑像,反映的是三位诗人相聚在古吹台上的情景。唐天宝三年(公元774年),在京名噪一时的李白因赋“可怜飞燕倚新妆”之句而得罪了杨贵纪,被解除了翰林职位。他东下洛阳,结交了杜甫。两位大诗人神交已久,相见恨晚,便相偕沿着黄河漫游,饱览锦绣山川。初夏时,他们来到开封,在开封又遇到了怀才不遇、浪迹天涯的诗人高适,文坛三杰,风云际会。这两组塑像反映的是三位诗人来古吹台上饮酒赋诗的情景。李白在古吹台上写了《梁园吟》,杜甫写下了《遗怀》,高适写下了《古大梁行》。接下来是“千金买壁”和“十载客梁园”两组塑像。
位于安阳南的汤阴县中,有一座中国历史上最早的监狱—羑里城。
羑里城坐落于汤阴县城北四公里处,距安阳市约十公里,北面一公里是羑河,南面两公里是汤水。进入大门,首先映入我们眼帘的是一座用花岗岩雕成的文王像,雕工十分精湛。接着向右拐是龙山文化的发祥地,遗址用新建的房子保护了起来,随着导游的声音,我们来到了一口龙头井旁,井水清甜可口,两元钱一杯很珍贵的,据说以前囚禁文王时喝的就是这里的水。
我们继续向前到一台阶处,顺着导游的指向看到了一个墓,传说这是文王的长子伯邑考的墓,叫“吐儿冢”因为吐和兔是谐音,所以也称“兔儿冢”,当地的人都知道那一片的兔子不能杀,因为那是伯邑考的魂魄的'变的,相传在文王囚禁的日子里,纣王把文王的长子伯邑考杀死并把他的肉做成肉饼给文王吃,他每次吃了后都会吐出来埋在一地方,吐的多了就成了一个墓,“吐儿冢“就是吐儿子的意思。
当然在羑里城最让我兴奋的地方还属八卦阵了,各个阵修的都是千奇百怪,错综复杂,我和妈妈绞尽脑汁突破了一个又一个阵,那种刺激只有你身临其境才能感受得到的。
这次羑里城之行,不仅让我学到了很多知识,还学会了一种百折不挠的精神。
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