2016-2018高考真题展示
Passage 1(2018课标全国Ⅱ)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 1 (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 2 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is 3 (actual)behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn’s rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 4 (improve)water quality. Corn uses less water 5 rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥)run-off. This switch has decreased 6 (pollute)in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 7 (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the govern- ment 8 (start) a soil-testing program 9 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放)of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China’s approach to protecting its environment while 10 (feed)its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,”says the bank’s Juergen Voegele. 答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。自2011年以来,随着中国人的饮食结构的变化,在中国种植 玉米的数量显著增加,而种植水稻的数量下降了。
1.has grown 句意:自2011年以来,中国种植玉米的数量超过了水稻。本题考查时态和主谓一 致。根据句中时间状语Since 2011可知,此处使用现在完成时,且主语为单数,故填has grown。 2.the 句意:在过去的25年里,玉米的产量已经激增了将近125%,而水稻的产量只增长了7%。 本题考查冠词。over the past 25 years在过去的25年里。
3.actually 句意:对于肉类的喜爱实际上是这一变化背后的原因:中国的玉米有很重要的一个 作用就是,用来饲养鸡、猪和牛。本题考查副词。此处需用副词作状语,故用actual的副词形 式actually。
4.to improve 句意:玉米产量增长的另一个原因是:政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是水稻来提高
水质。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。此处“提高水质”为鼓励农民种玉米的目的,故使用动 词不定式作目的状语。
5.than 句意:玉米用水量比水稻少,造成更少的化肥流失。本题考查介词。根据句中的less可
知,此处表示比较,故使用介词than。
6.pollution 句意:这种变化已经减少了中国主要湖泊和水库的污染,使人们的饮用水变得更 安全了。本题考查名词。空格处作decreased的宾语,故使用pollute的名词形式pollution。 7.global 句意:根据世界银行的统计,中国占了全球化肥总消耗量的大约30%。本题考查形容 词。空格处作fertilizer consumption的定语,故使用globe的形容词形式global。
8.started 句意:中国农业部发现在2005年和2011年之间,化肥的使用减少了770万吨。2005年
政府启动了土壤检测项目,它向农民推荐特定的化肥。本题考查时态。关系副词when=in 200 5,由此可知此处使用一般过去时。
9.that/which 本题考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词为program,指物,关系词在从句中作主 语,故使用关系代词that或which。
10.feeding 本题考查非谓语动词作状语。名词China和动词feed构成逻辑上的主动关系,故使
用现在分词作时间状语。
长难句 Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years, while rice has in-
creased only 7 percent. 在过去的25年里,玉米的产量已经激增了将近125%,而水稻的产量只增
长了7%。
本句中while为并列连词,连接两个并列分句,表示对比,意为 “然而,而”。
Passage 2(2018课标全国Ⅰ)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 1 (long)than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 2 (see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 3 (die)early by running.
While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it 4 (be)more effective at lengthening life 5 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 6 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 7 (cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise...it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 8 (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 9 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 10 a try. 答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章介绍了跑步对人们保持身体健康的好处。
1.longer 句意:根据一份医学杂志中的证据报告,跑步者比非跑步者的寿命要长3年。根据题 干中的than可知设空处需用副词比较级形式,故填longer。
2.to see 句意:你不必为了弄清跑步带来的好处而跑得很快、很久。本题考查非谓语动词。 由句意可知,此处在句中作目的状语,主语you与动词see为主动关系,故填不定式的主动式to see。
3.dying 句意:你可能饮酒、吸烟、超重,但你仍然可以通过跑步降低过早死亡的危险。本题 考查非谓语动词。介词(of)后需用动名词形式作宾语,根据提示词die可知设空处填dying。 4.is 句意:虽然经常跑步不可能使你长生不老,但报告上说与走路、骑自行车或游泳相比,跑 步对延长寿命更有效。本题考查主谓一致和时态。设空处所在从句被用来介绍一种理论,需 用一般现在时;再根据主语it及提示词be可知设空处填is。
5.than 本题考查介词。根据题干中的“more effective”可知设空处需填介词than,意为 “比”。
6.that/which 句意:该报告的其中两名作者在2014年还发表了一项研究,这项研究表明每天只跑步5至10分钟便可以降低患心脏病或由于各种原因导致过早死亡的危险。本题考查定
语从句。先行词为study,指“物”;将先行词代入定语从句后为:The study showed a mere 5 to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and...由此可见关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填that或which。
7.causes 本题考查名词的“数”。cause作“原因”讲,为可数名词;根据设空处前的all可知 设空处填名词复数形式,故填causes。
8.strengthen 句意:为了避免膝盖疼痛,你可以在柔软的地面上跑步、锻炼以增强你的腿部肌 肉……。设空处作目的状语,需用不定式形式,故在不定式符号to后填动词原形strengthen。 9.energetic 设空处作表语,表示主语的特征,故填形容词energetic。
10.it/running 句意:如果你时间不充裕,你只需要花费其他运动一半的时间去跑步便可获得同样的收益,因此或许我们都应该试一试跑步。设空处作give的宾语,需填名词或代词,因此用it代替上文中的running或直接填running作宾语。 长难句
While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it is more effective
at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. 虽然经常跑步不可能使你长生不老,但报告说与走路、骑自行车或游泳相比,跑步对延长寿命更有效。
While running regularly can’t make you live forever为让步状语从句,后面的句子为主句。在主 句中it is more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming为宾语从句,作says 的宾语。
Passage 3(2017课标全国Ⅰ)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) 1 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 2 (effect)such as overweight and heart disease the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 3 (process)the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 4 (remove)from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As 5 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 6 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 7 (be)full of fat and salt;by 8 (eat)more fast food people will get salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心)between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 9 (care)not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 10 is not good for the health. 答案
[语篇解读] 为了应对肥胖和心脏病,医学界鼓励大家食用低脂肪、少盐的食物。但是如果过于极端的话,也会适得其反。
1.as 考查介词。医学界将其作为一种对抗心脏病的方法。as在此处作介词,意为“作为”。 2.effects 考查名词复数。这种趋势有些非计划的副作用,如超重和心脏病。side effect表示“副作用”,为可数名词,根据such as overweight and heart disease可知,副作用有多种,故填复数形式。
3.to process 考查非谓语动词。根据require sth. to do sth.(需要某物做某事)以及其被动形式
可知此处填不定式结构。
4.are removed 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:脂肪和盐分从食物中去除后,食物尝起来就好像缺失了什么东西。结合语境可知,状语从句中用一般现在时态,fat and salt作主语,与remove之间为被动关系,故用被动语态,谓语动词用复数。
5.a 考查冠词。句意:结果,人们会吃更多的东西来努力弥补所缺的东西。as a result结果。 6.worse 考查比较级。句意:更糟糕的是,人们所吃的快餐的量会上升。even worse更糟的是,此处与上句中提到的“eat more food”相比较,故用比较级。
7.is 考查时态和主谓一致。据上下文可知,此处用一般现在时,主语为fast food,故系动词用is。
8.eating 考查非谓语动词。by在此处为介词,表示方式,故后面接动名词形式。
9.careful 考查形容词。句意:然而,小心不要走极端。设空处在系动词be后,作表语,故用形容词。
Passage 4(2017课标全国Ⅱ)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just un- der seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 1 (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 2 work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 3 (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 4 top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.
Steam engines 5 (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 6 (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 7 every day.
Later, engineers 8 (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道), which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the 9 (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most 10 (suc- cess)of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red car- riages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,讲述了世界上第一条地铁——伦敦地铁的起源和铁路最初的发 展历程。
1.crowds 本题考查名词。avoid“避免”后可跟名词或动名词作宾语。因为此空前有形容 词terrible修饰,故排除动名词形式;crowd作“人群”解时,为可数名词,故需用复数形式。 2.from 本题考查介词。由语境可知此处指“上下班(to and from work)”。
3.laying 本题考查动名词作宾语。由上文中的included digging 和下文and then building可 知,此处为并列的动名词作included的宾语。
4.the 本题考查冠词。此处表特指,故需用定冠词修饰名词。
5.were used 本题考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。主语Steam engines和use之间为被动 关系,且由上文语境和下文must have been可知叙述的是过去发生的事,故需用一般过去时的 被动语态;又因主语是名词的复数形式,故be动词需用were。
6.fairly 本题考查副词。修饰形容词unpleasant需用副词形式,故填fairly。 7.it 本题考查代词。此处指代上文中提到的the railway,需用代词it。
8.managed 本题考查动词的时态。此处叙述的是过去的事情,需用一般过去时,故答案为动 词的过去式。
9.introduction 本题考查名词。由空前的定冠词可知,此处需用名词形式,动词introduce去 “e”加后缀-tion构成名词形式。
10.successful 本题考查形容词。由“伦敦中心地铁是这些新铁路线中最成功的线路之一” 可知句子的主干为主系表结构,此处为形容词作表语,the most暗示了答案。 长难句
The Central London Railway was one of the most successful of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.伦敦中心地铁是这些新铁路线中最成功的线路之一,于1900年开放。 本句为简单句。句子含有两个并列谓语,第二个谓语使用的是一般过去时的被动语态。 高级语块
1.allow v.允许,容许2.avoid v.避免3.prove v.证明
Passage 5(2016课标全国Ⅰ)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest building and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 1 (attract).
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I 2 (allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be 3 (official)given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 4 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 5 I was the first Western TV reporter 6 (permit)to film a special unit car- ing for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 7 (in- troduce)British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 8 (it)mother. The nursery team switches him every few 9 (day)with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, 10 other is with mum—she never suspects.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。文章描述了作者和熊猫结下的不解之缘。
1.attraction 考查名词。设空处作表语。句意:但是对于像我这样的旅行者,熊猫是成都最吸 引人的东西。attraction n.吸引人的事物。
2.was allowed 考查动词的时态和语态。由句子结构可知此处为谓语动词。主语“I”和动 词“allow”之间为被动关系,根据上句中的谓语动词was可知,文章叙述的是过去发生的事,需
用一般过去时,故此处需用一般过去时的被动语态。 3.officially 考查副词。此处用副词修饰动词。
4.to 考查介词。go back to“追溯到,回溯到”,为固定短语。
5.when 考查定语从句。先行词the mid-1980s为表示时间的名词,且关系词在定语从句中作 时间状语,故用关系副词when引导。
6.permitted 考查非谓语动词。此处应用过去分词作后置定语。
7.introducing 考查动名词。动词include后缺宾语,需用所给动词的动名词形式作宾语。 8.its 考查代词。此处为it的形容词性物主代词,意为“它的”。
9.days 考查名词的复数形式。few修饰可数名词复数,故其后的名词需用复数形式。 10.the 考查冠词。one...the other...“(两者中的)一个……另外一个……”,为固定结构。 长难句 But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.但是,我同熊猫的联系可追溯到20世纪80年代中期我做一档电视节目的日子,当时我是第一个被允许拍摄一个照料在野生环境下被从饥饿中拯救的熊猫的特别单位的西方电视台记者。 本句为主从复合句。when引导非限制性定语从句。过去分词短语permitted...作定语修饰re- porter。 高级语块
1.It is/was a great honour to do sth.非常荣幸做某事 2.care for照顾
Passage 6(2016课标全国Ⅱ)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of 1 (great) and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 2 (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 3 (be) of- ten acceptable.
Most of us are more focused 4 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So,get an early start and try to be as productive 5 possible before lunch. This will give you the confi- dence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.
Recent 6 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 7 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 8 while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.
If you find something you love doing outside of the office, youll be less likely 9 (bring) your work home. It could be anything—gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, 10 (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
答案
[语篇解读] 如果在工作中你感到了压力,如何解决?作者给出了几种实用的减压方式,可让身
心得到放松。
1.greater 考查形容词比较级。根据此句中less,可知应该用great的比较级和less并列。 2.achievement 考查名词。根据介词of,可知设空处应该填名词形式,a sense of achievement一
种成就感,此处achievement是不可数名词。
3.is 考查主谓一致和时态。动名词作句子主语,谓语动词用单数形式且描述一般事实,故用is。
4.on 考查介词。我们大多数人早晨比一天中晚些时候更集中注意力于我们的工作。be fo- cused on集中注意力于。
5.as 考查短语。as...as possible 尽可能……。
6.studies 考查名词单复数。根据句中的谓语动词show,可知主语应该用复数形式,故填stud-ies。
7.regularly 考查副词。此处应该用副词形式作状语。 8.a 考查冠词。for a while是固定短语,意为:一会儿。
9.to bring 考查不定式。be likely to do sth. 为固定短语,意为:有可能做某事。
10.make 考查祈使句。但是无论是什么事,确保它是减轻日常压力的事情而不是另一件让人 担心的事情。
长难句 It could be anything—gardening,cooking,music,sports—but whatever it is,make sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. 它可能是任何事情—园艺活,做饭,音乐,运动—但是无论是什么事,确保它是减轻日常压力的事情而不是另一件让人 担心的事情。
本句含有whatever引导的状语从句。 高级语块
1.(be)of importance重要的;有重要意义的2.be focused on...关注……;集中于……;聚焦于…… 3.rather than而不是
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