[高考题型练习提能力]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Robots will have taken over most jobs within 30 years leaving humanity facing its “biggest challenge ever” to find meaning in life when work is no longer necessary，according to experts.
Professor Moshe Vardi, of Rice University, in the U．S.，
says that many middleclass professionals will be assisting the work of machines within the next few decades leaving workers with more leisure(休闲) time than they have ever experienced.
Prof Vardi said the rise of robots could lead to unemployment rates greater than 50 percent.
“We are approaching a time when machines will be able to do better than humans at almost any task，” said Vardi, a professor in computational engineering.
Robots are doing more and more jobs that people used to do. I believe that society needs to face this question before it's upon us. If machines can do almost any work humans can do, what will humans do?
“The question I want to put forward is，‘Does the technology we are developing finally benefit mankind？’”
Prof Vardi said existing robotic and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies were already getting rid of a growing number of middleclass jobs and that pace of advancement in the field is increasing.
But Prof Vardi is not sure that a workforce of humanlike robots will be good for mankind.
“A typical answer is that if machines will do all our work, we will be free to pursue(追求) leisure activities，”he said.
“I do not find this a promising future, as I do not find the idea of leisureonly life appealing. I believe that work is essential to human wellbeing.”
“Humanity is about to face perhaps its greatest challenge ever, which is finding meaning in life.”
“We need to rise to the occasion and meet this challenge before human labor becomes out of date.”
“What' s different this time is computer scientists are working on building
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machines that can do everything we can do, only better. If machines can do all the work or even 50 percent of the jobs that we used to do, what will people do？”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。专家警示，30年内机器人将接管大部分工作。 1．What does Professor Moshe Vardi say about future human jobs? A．They will be more challenging. B．Most will disappear completely. C．Most will be replaced by robots. D．They will require higher degrees.
C [细节理解题。由第二、三段的描述可知，在未来的几十年内，人类的大部分工作将由机器人来完成。]
2．What is Prof Vardi concerned about? A．The rapid population growth. B．The fast development of robots. C．Whether robots will rule humans. D．Whether robots will do good to humans.
D [细节理解题。由第六段中的‘Does the technology we are developing finally benefit mankind？’以及第八段But Prof Vardi is not sure that a workforce of humanlike robots will be good for mankind.可知，Vardi教授担心人类发明的技术是否最终会让人类受益。]
3．How does Prof Vardi find leisureonly life? A．Ideal. C．Carefree.
B．Undesirable. D．Interesting.
B [推理判断题。由倒数第四段中的I do not find this a promising future，as I do not find the idea of leisureonly life appealing.可知，Vardi教授并不觉得只有休闲的生活吸引人。]
4．What will humans face in the next few decades? A．Labor shortage. B．Production surplus. C．Fierce competition. D．Lack of life purposes.
D [细节理解题。由倒数第三段的Humanity is about to face perhaps its greatest challenge ever，which is finding meaning in life.以及最后一段中的If machines can do all the work or even 50 percent of the jobs that we used to do，what will people do？可知，如果机器能够做所有的工作，抑或甚至百分之五十的工作，人类即将面临最大的
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挑战，那就是找到生活的意义。]
B
Science fiction writers create imaginary worlds.The way things work in your imaginary worlds will be based on actual science.So it's important for you to be familiar with the scientific principles and inventions that are related to your creation.For example，if you're writing about human living on
a planet with zero gravity，then you need to know the effects of zero gravity on the human body.
Then you have to figure out the exact rules of your imaginary worlds.And you have to follow them.If humans are able to breathe underwater in Chapter 1，your character can't drown in a swimming pool in Chapter 3.The issue here is maintaining your readers' trust.That means the reader is willing to pretend along with you.If you start out with an ordinary detective novel and then throw in someone breathing underwater in the 6th chapter，you will pull the readers out of their imagination.The same thing happens if you change the rules halfway.
Part of your preparation work for the novel is to map out its worlds in great detail.You should decide the following issues：the history of the world，the geography，what possibilities it offers，how everything works in this new reality，and how all of these factors affect the way your characters think，feel，and react to things.You don't have to tell your readers all the rules in the first chapter.But you have to let readers know enough to understand what's going on.This also allows you to work out logical problems and contradictions (矛盾) before you start writing.
When you are writing，remember to make it feel real.You are inviting readers to visit a new world.They will want to be able to see，hear，feel，smell，and even taste what it's like.Whether your novel is about a world without disease or an undiscovered planet，help your readers feel like they're actually there.
【语篇解读】 很多人对科幻小说充满兴趣，你是否想写科幻小说呢？ 5．What's the relationship between actual science and science fiction? A．Science fiction promotes the development of actual science. B．Science fiction often reflects the development of actual science. C．Actual science limits the imagination described in science fiction. D．Actual science provides basic principles for science fiction.
D [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The way things work in your imaginary worlds will
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be based on actual science.”可知，幻想世界以实际科学为基础。]
6．The second paragraph is mainly developed by ． A．making comparisons B．giving examples
C．following the time order D．analyzing causes
B [写作手法题。第二段主要是通过举例的方式阐述了观点。] 7．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．It is necessary to do some scientific experiments before writing science fiction.
B．It is more difficult to write science fiction than ordinary detective novels. C．Readers of science fiction actually pretend the writers' rules are true. D．It is great to leave some contradictions in your science fiction.
C [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The issue here is maintaining your readers' trust.That means the reader is willing to pretend along with you.”可知C项正确。]
8．The target readers of the passage are ． A．young scientists B．science fiction writers C．college students D．professional journalists
B [推理判断题。本文多处出现第二人称，如第一段中的“The way things work in your imaginary worlds...，”由此可推断出，作者在与写科幻小说的人交流。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
How to Be Knowledgeable
Being knowledgeable means you have knowledge.People who are knowledgeable use facts, information or skills on a regular basis. Most people can become knowledgeable by following the tips below.
Learn on a daily basis. 1 You can learn tips on how to cook from someone making dinner, or you can master a computer game that you play in your spare time.Make a point to learn something new as often as possible and then apply what you learned as soon as possible.
2 Most knowledgeable people work to gain knowledge in a specific area like English, history or computers. Find something that interests you and then research the topic. If possible, take classes or attend seminars.
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3 This may mean you have to get outside your comfort zone. Each experience can teach you something and provide you with information that connects to things you've already learned. A new experience can help you look at an old experience in a new way and lead to a new discovery.
Use different sources. 4 Experimenting can lead to new insight(领悟) as observation can.
Ask questions. Make sure that you fully understand what you are learning. 5 Allow yourself time to understand and take in the new information. Continue to ask questions until you fully grasp the concept.
A．Pick an area of study.
B．Look for different experiences.
C．Find a right place to gain new knowledge. D．When you ask questions, listen to the answers. E．Every fact or skill you learn adds to your knowledge.
F．Share your knowledge by teaching others, writing papers or giving speeches. G．You can become knowledgeable by learning from people, reading books or surfing the Web.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。本文说明了如何做可以成为一个学识渊博的人。 1．E [由下文的举例可知，你所学的每一件事和技能都会增长你的知识。] 2．A [由下文的说明可知，本段的主旨是：选择一个学习研究的领域。]
3．B [由本段重现的关键信息词experience可知，本段主要说明了要寻找不同的经历以增长知识。]
4．G [本选项是对主旨句的展开说明，G项的learning from people，reading books or surfing the Web与主旨句中的different sources呼应。]
5．D [D项的ask questions在上下文中都有重现，选项用来说明通过问问题获得答案来增长知识。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
Have a look at a keyboard — either on your computer or on your cellphone — and you'll notice that it isn't set up alphabetically (按字母顺序地).1.________(start) in the upper left corner, you won't see ABCDEF. Instead, you'll see QWERTY. What's up 2.________ that? Is it an accident? The answer is no! Actually, it was planned that way.
In the 1860s, American 3.________ (invent)Christopher Sholes began working on the typewriter.In 1873, he designed 4.________ first typewriter，called the Remington
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Number 1. The keys on early typewriters 5.________ (arrange) in alphabetic order，but unfortunately, they jammed easily.
6．________ (settle) the problem, Sholes decided to redesign the keyboard so that the most commonly used 7.________ (letter) would be as far apart as possible on the keyboard. He believed that in this way，the jamming problem could be 8.________ (successful) avoided. In 1873, Sholes produced the QWERTY keyboard, 9.________ quickly became the universal standard. Although several alternative keyboards were designed in the following decades，none of 10.________ (they) design proved to be better than the QWERTY layout (安排). Therefore，QWERTY continued to be—and still is—the universal standard keyboard layout.
【语篇解读】 本文为我们介绍“QWERTY”的安排是如何成为普遍标准的键盘安排的。 1．Starting [考查非谓语动词。start与逻辑主语you之间是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作状语。]
2．with [考查介词。What's up with ...？“……怎么了？”]
3．inventor [考查词性转化。Christopher Sholes 是美国发明家，故填inventor。] 4．the [考查冠词。序数词作定语时期前要加定冠词。]
5．were arranged [考查时态语态。the keys 与arrange之间是被动关系，且表示过去的动作，故填were arranged。]
6．To settle [考查非谓语动词。To settle the problem是不定式短语作目的状语。] 7．letters [考查名词单复数。最常用的字母不止一个，故此处用letter的复数形式。] 8．successfully [考查词性转化。空格中所填单词在句中修饰谓语动词，故用successful的副词形式。]
9．which [考查定语从句。根据句子结构可知，该空是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词是the QWERTY keyboard，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填which。]
10．their [考查代词。此处应用they的形容词性物主代词作定语。]
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