Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on
(第1套)
the use of robots. Try to imagine what will happen when more and more robots take the place of human beings in industry as well as people's daily lives. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Section ADirections:
In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of
each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer
. from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1. A) Project organizerB) Public relations officerC) Marketing manager
.
D) Market research consultant. 2. A) Quantitative advertising research. B) Questionnaire design. C) Research methodology. D) Interviewer training.
3. A) They are intensive studies of people's spending habits. B) They examine relations between producers and customers. C) They look for new and effective ways to promote products. D) They study trends or customer satisfaction over a long period. 4. A) The lack of promotion opportunity. B) Checking charts and tables. C) Designing questionnaires. D) The persistent intensity.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) His view on Canadian universities. B) His understanding of higher education.
C) His suggestions for improvements in higher education. D) His complaint about bureaucracy in American universities. 6. A) It is well designed.
. .
1上作答。
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
B) It is rather inflexible. C) It varies among universities. D) It has undergone great changes.
7. A) The United States and Canada can learn from each otherB) Public universities are often superior to private universities. C) Everyone should be given equal access to higher education. D) Private schools work more efficiently than public institutions. 8. A) University systems vary from country to country. B) Efficiency is essential to university management. C) It is hard to say which is better
, a public university or a private one.
D) Many private university in the U.S. are actually large bureaucracies. Section BDirections:
In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each
.
passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Passage One
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.
9. A) Government's role in resolving an economic crisis. B) The worsening real wage situation around the world. C) Indications of economic recovery in the United States. D) The impact of the current economic crisis on peopled life.
10. A) They will feel less pressure to raise employees' wages. B) They will feel free to choose the most suitable employees. C) They will feel inclined to expand their business operations. D) They will feel more confident in competing with their rivals.
11. A) Employees and companies cooperate to pull through the economic crisis. B) Government and companies join hands to create jobs for the unemployed. C) Employees work shorter hours to avoid layoffs. D) Team work will be encouraged in companies.
Passage Two
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
12. A) Whether memory supplements work. B) Whether herbal medicine works wonders. C) Whether exercise enhances one's memory. D) Whether a magic memory promises success.
13. A) They help the elderly more than the young. B) They are beneficial in one way or another. C) They generally do not have side effects. D)They are not based on real science.
14. A) They are available at most country fairs. B) They are taken in relatively high dosage. C) They are collected or grown by farmers. D) They are prescribed by trained practitioners.
15. A) They have often proved to be as helpful as doing mental exercise. B) Taking them with other medications might entail unnecessary risks. C) Their effect lasts only a short time. D) Many have benefited from them. Section CDirections:
In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks
followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Recording One
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
16. A) How catastrophic natural disasters turn out to be to developing nations. B) How the World Meteorological Organization studies natural disasters. C) How powerless humans appear to be in face of natural disasters. D) How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced.
17. A) By training rescue teams for emergencies. B) By taking steps to prepare people for them. C) By changing people's views of nature.
D) By relocating people to safer places.
18. A) How preventive action can reduce the loss of life. B) How courageous Cubans are in face of disasters. C) How Cubans suffer from tropical storms. D) How destructive tropical storms can be.
Recording Two
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.
19. A) Pay back their loans to the American government. B) Provide loans to those in severe financial difficulty. C) Contribute more to the goal of a wider recovery. D) Speed up their recovery from the housing bubble.
20. A) Some banks may have to merge with others. B) Many smaller regional banks are going to fail. C) It will be hard for banks to provide more loans. D) Many banks will have to lay off some employees.
21. A) It will work closely with the government. B) It will endeavor to write off bad loans. C) It will try to lower the interest rate. D) It will try to provide more loans.
22. A) It won't help the American economy to turn around. B) It won't do any good to the major commercial banks. C) It will win the approval of the Obama administration. D) It will be necessary if the economy starts to shrink again.
Recording Three
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
23. A) Being unable to learn new things. B) Being rather slow to make changes. C) Losing temper more and more often.
D) Losing the ability to get on with others.
24. A) Cognitive stimulation. B) Community activity. C) Balanced diet. D) Fresh air.
25. A) Ignoring the signs and symptoms of aging. B) Adopting an optimistic attitude towards life. C) Endeavoring to give up unhealthy lifestyles. D) Seeking advice from doctors from time to time. Section A Directions:
In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are requir
ed to select oneword for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is
identified
bya letter. Please mark the c
orresponding letter for each item on ,Answer Street 2 with a singleline through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Let's say you love roller-skating. Just the thought of __26__ on your roller-skates brings asmile to your face. You also know that roller-skating is excellent exercise. You have a __27__attitude toward it. This descriptione: affect
of roller-skating __28__ the three components of an attitud
,cognition, and behavior. You love the activity; it's great fun. These f
emotional
component
; they are an importan
eelings __29__ the affectiveor t ingredient the cognitive
in attitudes. The knowledge wehave about the object constitutescomponent
of an attitude. You
understand
the health __30_
component
.
_ that the activity can bring. Finally, attitudes have a behavioral Our attitudes __31__ us to go outside to enjoy roller-skating.
Now, we don't want to leave you with the __32__ that these three components always worktogether __33__ . They don't; sometimes they ple, let's say you love pizza(affective holesterol and
understand
(knowledge
componentcomponent
clash. For exam
); however, you have high c) that eating pizza may b
e bad for your health. Which behavior will your attituderesult in, eating pizza or __34__ it? The answer depends on which
component
happens to bestron
ger. If you are walking past a pizza restaurant at lunchtime, your emotions and feelingsprobably will be stronger than your knowledge that pizza may not b
e the best food for yourhealth. In that instance, you have pizza for lunch. If you are at home trying to decide where togo for dinner, however, the knowledge componenthier meal. A.avoiding B.benefits C.highlightD.illustrates E.impressionF.improves G.inquiring H.perfectly I.positive J.prevailK.primarily L.promptM.specifications N.strapping O.typicalSection B Directions:
In
this
section,
you are
going
to read
a passage
with
ten
statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer Sheet 2.
The Changing Generation [A] It turns
out today's
teenagers
aren't
so scary after all. Results
of USA
WEEKEND'S Teens & Parents survey reveal a generation of young people who get along well with their parents and approve of the way they're being raised. They think of their parents with affection and respect. They speak with Mom or Dad when they have a problem. Most feel that their parents understand them, and they believe their family is the No. 1 priority in their parents, lives. Many even think their parents are cool! Although more than a third have an object in their
rooms
they would
like to keep secret
from
their
parents,
rarely
is it
anything more alarming than a diary or off-color ([B] Such results incidents
may seem surprising
against
低俗的) book or CD. the background
the young.
of shocking In October
the questions
by marking
the corresponding
letter on Answer
may __35__ , and you decide to go whereyou can eat a healt
that color the way the mass media portray
2000, , the same month the survey was taken, the Washington-based Center for
Media and Public Affairs wrote in its publication Media Monitor that, in a recent month of TV news coverage of American youth, just 2% of teens were shown at home, and just 1% were portrayed in a work setting. In contrast, the criminal justice system accounted for nearly one out of every five visual backgrounds. No wonder parents worry their own kids might spin out of control once they hit the turbulent waters of adolescence.
[C] The overall facts ought to reassure us. The survey shows us that today's teens are affectionate, sensible and far happier than the angry and tortured souls that have been painted for us by stereotypes. From other sources, we also know teenage crime, drug abuse and premarital sex are in general decline. We, of course, need to pay attention to youngsters who are filled with discontent and hostility, but we should not allow these extreme cases to distort our view of most young people. [D] My own research
at the Stanford
Center
on Adolescence
uses in-depth
interviews with small samples of youngsters rather than large-scale surveys. Still, in my studies and others I have read, I find the same patterns as in USA WEEKEND'S parental
survey.
Today's about
teenagers
admire
their
parents
and welcome choice—though
guidance
important
matters
such as career
certainly not Mom and Dad's advice on matters of personal taste, such as music or fashion. When we ask teens to choose a herothe company of both parents and friends. [E] Contrary
to some
stereotypes,
most adolescents
believe
they
must
be
tolerant of differences among individuals (though they do not always find this easy in the cliquish volunteer
(拉帮结派的) environment
service
of high school).
people.
Many of them One prevalent
for community
with disadvantaged
，they usually select an older
family member rather than a remote public figure. Most teens say they enjoy
quality we have found in teens, statements about themselves, their friends and their families is a strikingly positive emotional tone. By and large, these are very nice kids, and as the band The Who used to sing, \"The kids are alright.\" [F] How much is today's spirit of harmony a change from our more turbulent past? A mere generation generation
gap\".
ago, parent-child
relations of widespread
were described youth
rebellion
as \"the were
Yet even then reports
families
overdone: Most kids in the '60s and 70s shared their parents, basic values. Still, it is true that American millennium (period behavior
of tranquility and
well known.
are growing
of drug
closer at the dawn of this new abuse and
other unwholesome
and intimidating
千年). Perhaps there is less to fight about, with the country in a
the dangers Perhaps
in the face of impersonal
globalization, a young person's family feels more like a friendly haven than an oppressive trap. And perhaps parents are acting more like parents than in the recent past. Within just the past five years, I have noticed parents returning to a belief that teenagers the 20th century.
[G] But missing from all these data is the sense that today's young care very
need the guidance
of elders rather
than the liberal,
\"anything goes\" mode of child-rearing that became popular in the second half of
much about their country, about the broader civic and political environment, or about the future of their society. They seem to be turning inwarda pro-social manner
, certainly with positive benefits for intimate relationships,
but too often at the expense of a connection with the present and future world beyond, including the society they will one day inherit.
[H] Recently, we examined more than 400 essays on the \"laws of life\" that teens from two communities had written as part of an educational program initiated by the John Templeton follow-up
interviews
Foundation
in Radnor, Pa. In those
we found
essays,
and in
with a few of the teenagers,
lots of insight, —generally in
positive feeling and inspirational thinking. But we also found little interest in civic life beyond the tight circles of their family and immediate friends.
[I] For example, only one boy said he would like to be president when he grows up. When I was in high school, dozens in my class alone would have answered differently. In fact, other recent studies have found there has never been a time in American history when so small a proportion of young people have sought or accepted leadership roles in local civic organizations. It is also troubling that voting rates among our youngest eligible voters
—18- to 24-year-olds
—are way
down: Little more than one in four now go to the polls, even in national elections, compared with almost twice that many when 18-year-olds were first given the vote.
[J] In our interviews, many students viewed politics with suspicion and distaste. \" Most politicians are kind of crooked (discussing national politics, said, I get the impression much.\" good
Asked friends,
what
most people they
would more
不诚实的)\" one student declared. Another
“I feel like one person can't do that much, and
don't think
a group
of people
can do that the students
materially
like to change spiritual,
in the world,
either
,
mentioned only personal concerns such as slowing down the pace of life, gaining
becoming
becoming
more
successful or less materially oriented (depending on the student's values), and being more respectful of the Earth, animals and other people. One boy said, \"I'd rather be concentrating on artistic efforts than saving the world or something.\" [K] It is fine and healthy for teens to cultivate their personal interests, and it is good news when young people enjoy harmonious relations with their family and friends. But there is also a place in a young life for noble purposes that include a dedication to the broader society, a love of country and an aspiration to make their own leadership contributions.
[L] In the past, the young have eagerly participated in national service and civic affairs, often with lots of energy and idealism. If this is not happening today, we should ask why. Our society needs the full participation of its younger citizens if it is to continue to thrive. We know the promise is there
—this is a well-grounded,
talented, warm-hearted group of youngsters. We have everything to gain by encouraging them to explore the world beyond their immediate experience and to prepare themselves for their turn at shaping that world. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡
2上作答。
36. Not many young people eligible for voting are interested in local or national elections these days. 37. Parents
are concerned
that their children
may get involved
in criminal
offences once they reach their teens.
38. Even during the turbulent years of last century, youth rebellion was often exaggerated in the media.
39. Teenagers of today often turn to their parents for advice on such important matters as career choice.
40. The incidence of teenage crime and misbehavior is decreasing nowadays. 41. Young people should have lofty ideals in life and strive to be leaders. 42. Some young people like to keep something to themselves and don't want their parents to know about it.
43. It is beneficial to encourage young people to explore the broader world and get ready to make it a better place.
44. Many teenagers now offer to render service to the needy. 45. Interviews personal matters. Section C Directions:
There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by
or unfinished
statements.
For each of them there
are four
some questions
with
students
find many
of them
are only concerned
about
choices marked A. , B. , C. and D.. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet with a single line through the centre. Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Manufacturers of products that claim to be environmentally friendly will face tighter rules on how they are advertised to consumers under changes proposed by the Federal Trade Commission.
The commission's revised \"Green Guides\" warn marketers against using labels that make broad claims, like \"eco-friendly\". Marketers must qualify their claims on the product packaging and limit them to a specific benefit, such as how much of the product is recycled.
\"This is really about trying to cut through the confusion that consumers have when they are buying a product and that businesses have when they are selling a product,\" said Jon Leibowitz, chairman of the commission.
The revisions come at a time when green marketing is on the rise. According to a new study, the number of advertisements with green messages in mainstream magazines has risen since 1987, and peaked in 2008 at 10.4%. In 2009, the number dropped to 9%.
But while the number of advertisements may have dipped, there has been a rapid
spread
of ecolabeling.
There
are both good and bad players
in the
eco-labeling game.
In the last five years or so, there has been an explosion of green claims and
environmental claims. It is clear that consumers don't always know what they are getting.
A handful of lawsuits have been filed in recent years against companies accused of using lawsuits (
misleading
environmental
labels.
In 2008
and 2009,
class-action
集体诉讼) were filed against SC Johnson for using \"Greenlist\" labels on
its cleaning products. The lawsuits said that the label was misleading because it gave the impression that the products had been certified by a third party when the certification was the company's own.
\"We are very proud of our accomplishments under the Greenlist system and we believe that we will prevail in these cases,\" Christopher Beard, director of public affairs for SC Johnson, said, while acknowledging that \"this has been an area that is difficult to navigate.\"
Companies have also taken it upon themselves to contest each other's green claims.
David Mallen, associate director of the Council of Better Business Bureau, said in the last two years the organization had seen an increase in the number of claims companies
were
bringing
against
each
other
for
false
or
misleading
environmental product claims.
\"About once a week, I have a client that will bring up a new certification I've never even heard of and I'm in this industry, said Kevin Wilhelm, chief executive officer of Sustainable Business Consulting. \"It's kind of a Wild West, anybody can claim themselves to be green.\" Mrattention to.
46. What do the revised \"Green Guides\" require businesses to do? A) Manufacture as many green products as possible. B) Indicate whether their products are recyclable. C) Specify in what way their products are green. D) Attach green labels to all of their products.
47. What does the author say about consumers facing an explosion of green claims?
A) They can easily see through the businesses' tricks. B) They have to spend lots of time choosing products. C) They have doubt about current green certification. D) They are not clear which products are truly green.
48. What was SC Johnson accused of in the class-action lawsuits? A) It gave consumers the impression that all its products were truly green. B) It gave a third party the authority to label its products as environmentally friendly.
C) It misled consumers to believe that its products had been certified by a third party.
D) It sold cleaning products that were not included in the official \"Greenlist\". 49. How did Christopher Beard defend his company's labeling practice?
. Wilhelm said the excess of labels made
it difficult for businesses and consumers to know which labels they should pay
A) There were no clear guidelines concerning green labeling. B) His company's products had been well received by the public. C) It was in conformity to the prevailing practice in the market. D) No law required the involvement of a third party in certification.
50. What does Kevin Wilhelm imply by saying \"It's kind of a Wild West\" (Line 3Para. 11)?
A) Businesses compete to produce green products. B) Each business acts its own way in green labeling. C) Consumers grow wild with products labeled green. D) Anything produced in the West can be labeled green. Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. America's
education system has
become
less a ladder
of opportunity than
a
structure to transmit inequality from one generation to the next.
That's why school reform is so critical. This is an issue of equality, opportunity and national conscience. It's not just about education, but about poverty and justice.
It's true that the main reason inner-city schools do poorly isn't teachers' unions, but poverty. Southern states without strong teachers'
，unions have schools at
least as awful as those in union states. Some Chicago teachers seem to think that they shouldn't be held accountable until poverty is solved. There're steps we can take that would make some difference, and Mayor Rahm Emanuel is trying some of them
—yet the union is resisting.
I'd be sympathetic if the union focused solely on higher compensation. Teachers need to be much better paid to attract the best college graduates to the nation's worst schools. But, instead, the Chicago union seems to be using its political capital primarily to protect weak performers.
There's solid evidence that there are huge differences in the effectiveness of teachers. The gold standard study by Harvard and Columbia University scholars found
that even in high-poverty
schools,
teachers
consistently
had a huge
positive or negative impact. Get a bottom 1% teacherthe school year
, and the effect is the same as if a child misses 40% of
. Get a teacher from the top 20%, and it's as if a child has gone
，
to school for an extra month or two.
The study found that strong teachers in the fourth through eighth grades raised the skills of their students in ways that would last for decades. Just having a strong teacher for one elementary year left pupils a bit less likely to become mothers
as teenagers,
a bit more likely
to go to college
and earning
more
money at age 28.
How does one figure out who is a weak teacher? Yes, that's a challenge. But researchers
are improving
systems
to measure
a teacher's
performance
throughout the year
, and, with three years of data, ifs usually possible to tell
which teachers are failing.
Unfortunately, off—often insult to students.
the union in Chicago is insisting that teachers who are laid
That's
an
for being ineffective—should get priority in new hiring.
Teaching is so important that it should be like other professions, with high pay and good working conditions but few job protections for bottom performers. This isn't a battle between garment workers and greedy bosses. The central figures 350,000
in the Chicago children.
schools
strike
are neither demand
strikers sacrifices
nor managers those students,
but in
Protecting
the union
effect turning a blind eye to the injustice in the education system. 51. What do we learn about America's education system? A) It provides a ladder of opportunity for the wealthy. B) It contributes little to the elimination of inequality. C) It has remained basically unchanged for generations. D) It has brought up generations of responsible citizens.
52. What is chiefly responsible for the undesirable performance of inner-city schools?
A) Unqualified teachers. C) Unfavorable learning environment. B) Lack of financial resources. D) Subconscious racial discrimination. 53. What does the author think the union should do to win popular support? A) Assist the city government in reforming schools. C) Demand higher pay for teachers.
B) Give constructive teaching.
54. What is the finding of the gold standard study by Harvard and Columbia University scholars?
A) Many inner-city school teachers are not equal to their jobs. B) A large proportion of inner-city children often miss classes. C) Many students are dissatisfied with their teachers. D) Student performance has a lot to do with teachers.
55. Why does the author say the Chicago unions demand is an insult to students? A) It protects incompetent teachers at the expense of students.
B) It underestimates students, ability to tell good teachers from poor ones. C) It makes students feel that they are discriminated against in many ways. D) It totally ignores studentsDirections:
，initiative in the learning process.
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage
源于中国的满族（Manchu Nationality
）。在清代，
advice
to inner-city
schools.
D) Help teachers
improve
from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2. 旗袍（qipao）是一种雅致的中国服装，旗袍是王室女性穿着的宽松长袍。上世纪如今，旗袍经常出现在世界级的时装秀上。国女性的民族服饰。
20 年代，受西方服饰影响，旗袍发生了一些变中国女性出席重要社交聚会时，
旗袍往往是她们
化。袖口（cuffs）变窄，袍身变短。这些变化使女性美得以充分展现。的首选。很多中国新也会选择旗袍作为结婚礼服。
一些有影响的人士甚至建议将旗袍作为中
写作参考答案
The evolution of modem robot technology seems to be a mixed blessing. Optimists say that more robots will lead to greater productivity and economic growth, while pessimists complain that we will experience the greatest unemployment crisis in human history. As for me, the world where robots substitute manual and mental labor is delightful rather than fearful.
There is no doubt that human society is benefiting tremendously from robots. On the one hand, industrial robots can assist in carrying out dirty, dull and dangerous tasks while offering increased productivity and safety. On the other hand, domestic robots can provide household services, freeing human beings from the boredom of the daily chores. We aren't giving robots \"easy jobshose that most of the time we aren't willing to do and even could never do. Without robots, these jobs would remain undone or be done inefficiently. In spite of the potential of machines to replace workers, technological progress has always eliminated some specific jobs. But in the meantime, it also has created new opportunities for human employment, at an even faster rate.
Robots are very likely to permeate much of our daily life in the coming years, but it is not necessary to worry they will snatch jobs from us, because we will assign more challenging jobs to them. 【解析】本题要求考生围绕
“在未来，越来越多的人工劳动将被机器取代会是怎样一番情景
”写一篇作
文，考生既可以阐述其积极的一面，下布局；
也可以论述其不利的一面。根据题目要求，可以采取以
第一段；提出人们对机器人所持的不同态度，力劳动让我们的生活更加轻松快乐。
并表明自己的立场。机器人替代体力劳动和脑
第二段：具体从两个方面来分析机器人取代人力劳动的积极意义。
第三段：总结全文，指出机器人不会抢走我们的工作，因为我们会让它们做更多的事。听力
Section A
参考答案
1 What position does the woman hold in the company?
[D]【解析】对话一开头男士就问女士做市场调查顾问有多久了，可见女士在公司的职位是市场调査顾问。因此
D 项为答案。
预测问题问职业。②A 项“项目组织者”、B 项
【干扰项排除】①选项都是关于职位的内容，
“公共关系职员”以及C 项“营销经理”都没有在对话中提及，只是利用录音的个别字词organize, project, relationship
作干扰，故均予以排除。
2 What does the woman specialize in at the moment? [A]【解析】对话中女士在被男士问到对什么感兴趣时，
女士回答说目前专攻量化广告研究。
A 项的表述与女士的意思一致，故为正确答案。【干扰项排除】①选项都是关于研究、
设计、培训等内容，听音时留意相关信息。
②B 项“调
查问卷设计”和C 项“研究方法论”都不是目前女士专攻的内容，是女士回答良好关系要经历什么过程中出现的
interviewer
”这个问题时涉及到的，故排除；一词作干扰，故排除。
“和新客户建立
D 项“面试者培训”只是利用对话
3 What does the woman say about trackers?
[D]【解析】对话中女士提到两个项目，其中之一是有关追踪系统，女士的解释为：这是个正在进行的项目，研究很长一段时期内的趋势或客户满意度。中look at
的同义替换，故为正确答案。
They,听录音时要留意其指代什么事物及其相关信息。
”、B 项“它们调查生产者和顾客之间的关系”都不属于追踪系统的内容，故均予以排除。
”以
D 项中的study 是录音原文
【干扰项排除】①选项的主语都是
②A 项“它们是对人们消费习惯的集中研究及C 项“它们寻找促销产品的有效的新方法4 What does the woman dislike about her job? [B]【解析】对话末尾，女士对于最后一个问题
——工作上喜欢和不喜欢的分别是什么的回
B 项
答是：工作上的多样性对于我来说是重要的，至于不喜欢的内容就是图表的核对了。的表述与女士的意思一致，故为正确答案。【干扰项排除】①选项分别为关于晋升机会、题目可能与工作相关。②
设计调查问卷和检查图表等的名词短语，
推测
C 项“设计调查问卷”是和新客户建立良好关系需要做的，并没有
A 项“缺乏晋升机会”和D 项“持续的紧张”都未在
提到是女士不喜欢的工作内容，故排除；对话中提及，故排除。
5 What does the woman want Frederick to talk about? [A] 【解析】对话一开头女士就请女士是想让为正确答案。
【干扰项排除】①选项都是关于
his 的内容，听录音时要留意男士的相关信息。②女士只
而不是想知道男士对于高等教育的理解，”未在对话中提及，故排除；
故B
Frederick
Frederick
解释对于加拿大的大学的看法，由此可知，
A 项的表述与女士的意思一致，
故
讨论他对加拿大的大学的看法。
是想让男士谈下他对于加拿大的大学的看法，项错误；C 项“他对于高等教育改进的建议学官僚主义的抱怨
D 项“他对于美国大
”掺杂女士对于美国大学的看法，属于张冠李戴，故予以排除。
6 What does the man say about the curriculum in Canadian universities?
[B] 【解析】对话中男士说到在加拿大，教育部负责设计大学的课程，没有太多灵活变通的空间，也就是说加拿大的大学课程是相当不灵活的。音原文中
not much room for flexibility
B 项中的rather inflexible
是录
的同义替换，故为正确答案。
It 指代什么及其相关信息。
各大学课程表
”和D
【干扰项排除】①选项都是关于It 的描述，听录音时要注意
②录音只提到加拿大的大学课程由教育部设计，有何不同以及有何重大改变，
没有提到设计的质量怎么样、
故A 项“它设计得很好”、C 项“它在不同的大学不一样
项“它经历了巨大的变化”均予以排除。
7 On what point do the speakers agree?
[C] 【解析】对话中女士说在美国有一个问题，就是通常只有有钱人家的孩子才能上最好的学校，男士对此表示赞同，
并且讲到不能给予每个人平等的教育机会确实是个问题。
C 项。等关键词，推测
由此
看来，他们都认为每个人都应该被给予平等的机会去接受高等教育，故选【干扰项排除】①选项中出现问题可能与大学教育相关。②
universities
、education
、institutions
A 项“美国和加拿大可以互相学习”，关于借鉴和学习，男子
女士也
只提到我们或许可以向日本学习，表示认同，所以
故排除。对话最后男士讲到很难说哪种大学更好，
B 项“公立大学比私立大学更优越”错误。录音中男士谈及加拿大公立大学
所以无从判断哪种大
的办事效率低的问题，学更有效率，故排除
而女士提到美国的私立大学同样存在官僚主义，D 项“私立学校比公立机构更有效率
”。
8 What point does the man make at the end of the conversation?
[C]【解析】对话最后男士得出结论：很难说公立大学和私立大学哪一个更好，因此，为正确答案。
【干扰项排除】①四个选项都是围绕大学这个话题展开，
听录音时要注意相关信息。
②录音C 项
谈及三个国家以及它们不同的大学制度，但男子并没有就此得出结论不同而不同”，故排除
A 项。B 项“效率对于大学管理来说至关重要
“大学制度随着国家的”，男子虽然谈及公立
大学的管理效率问题，但他没有说效率是至关重要的，故排除立大学实际上都是巨大的官僚机构
B 项。D 项“美国的很多私
”是女士的看法，而不是男士的结论，故排除。
Section B 参考答案
9 What is the International Labor Organization's report mainly about?
[B]【解析】录音开头提到，国际劳工组织最近的一份报告指出，世界各地实际工资水平的恶化情况让人质疑经济复苏的真实程度，deterioration of real wages
B 项的worsening real wage
B 项。
②
是录音中的
的同义替换，因此本题选
【干扰项排除】①选项均为有一定概括性的名词短语，A 项“政府在解决经济危机过程中所起的作用报告的主要内容；C 项的indications 经济复苏的征兆并非主题，
推测本题有可能是主旨类的题目。
”是利用录音中个别词编造的干扰项，并非该
虽在录音中有出现过，
但
和economic recovery
且录音并没有单指美国经济复苏的情况，故C 项不选；D 项“当
current
前的经济危机对人们生活的影响economic crisis
，由此可排除。
”，当下应该是经济危机后的恢复时期，而非
10 According to an International Labor Organization's specialist, how will employers feel if there are more people looking for jobs?
[A]【解析】录音提到，这位专家认为，当更多人失业，就有更多人求职，雇主在提升工资吸引员工方面的压力便随之下降，decline
的同义表达，故选
A 项的less pressure
是录音中
pressure... will
A 项。
【干扰项排除】①选项的主语都是They,根据raise employees' wages, choose...
等关键词，推测
They 应该指雇主，听”、C 项“他们想扩展其
employees, expand... business operations 音时留意关于雇主的信息。②
B 项“他们可以随意选择最合适的员工
经营范围”和D 项“他们在跟对手竞争时会更有信心”均未在录音中提及。
11 What does the speaker mean by the work sharing scheme? [C]【解析】录音末尾提到
work sharing scheme
。该计划是想通过减少个人工时来避免
C 项是该处录音内容的同义表达，
裁员，然后由政府来补贴员工因减少工时而带来的损失，故为本题答案。
【干扰项排除】①根据选项出现的
employees, unemployed , layoffs 等关键词，推测
问题可能与雇员失业或下岗有关，听音时留意相关信息。②危机难关”、B 项“政府和企业联手为失业人员创造工作岗位合作”在录音中均未提及，故予以排除。
12 What question is frequently put to the speaker? [A]【解析】说话人在录音开头部分即提到A 项是该处录音原句的概述，因此本题选【干扰项排除】①三个选项都出现了
A 项“员工和公司携手共度经济”和D 项“在企业内部鼓励团队
“我曾经经常被问到这些记忆力补品是否有效A 项。
”，
memory，推测问题可能与记忆力有关，听音时留意
herbal，但说话人被问的是是否真的
C 项“锻炼是否有助于提高记忆
相关信息。②B 项“草药是否有奇效”，录音中虽提到有挽救记忆力的草本药物，力”是利用录音中提到的
B 项没有提到记忆力，故不选；
workout“锻炼，练习”来设置干扰；D 项“拥有神奇的记忆力能否
保证取得成功”在录音中未提及。
13 What does the speaker say about most memory supplements?
[D]【解析】说话人提到那类补品有很多并不一定名副其实，大部分的背后缺乏科学依据，D 项“他们并非以真正的科学为基础【干扰项排除】①四个选项的主语都是年轻人，它们对年长者更有用
”是该句录音的同义表达。
They,听音时留意其指代什么事物。
②A 项“相较于
”未在录音中提及；说话人多次表示这些补品多数没有什么效
还有可能产生不良后果
,B 项“无论如何它
果，需谨慎服用，而且最后提到若跟其他药同服，们都是有益的”和C 项“它们一般没什么副作用
”与录音意思相反，均排除。
14 What do we learn about memory supplements in eastern cultures?
[D]【解析】录音提到，在一些东方国家，这类补药属于处方药，剂量须由经过训练的执业医师所定，D 项为该处录音的概括，故为正确答案。【干扰项排除】①四个选项的主语都是在多数乡村集市上有售们服用时的剂量相对较大
They，听音时留意其指代什么事物。②
A 项“它们
”和C 项“它们是由农民采集和种植的”与录音所述不符。
”均未在录音中提及。B 项“它
15 What does the speaker say about memory supplements at the end?
[B]【解析】录音结尾，说话人提醒：很多时候人们没有真正意识到服用这类补药带来的影响，也不知道与其他药物同服可能会增加出现某些不良情况的风险，
B 项为该处录音的同
义表达。
【干扰项排除】①根据选项出现的
They、them、medications
、effect
等关键词，推测
问题可能问某样药物的作用，听音时留意相关信息。②一样有效”、C 项“它们的效果只持续一小段时间未提及，故予以排除。Section C
参考答案
A 项“它们通常被证实跟做脑力训练
”在录音中均
”和D 项“很多人受益于它们
16 What is the talk mainly about?
[D]【解析】录音一开头提到自然灾害造成的负面影响随处可见：随后气象专家人数已经下降了
Geoffrey Love
提到在过去的
大量人员伤亡和经济损失。
50 倍，但死亡
50 年里，经济损失增加了
10 倍，原因是安全预警做得越来越好了。接下来录音都是围绕着人们采
D 项正确。
取预防措施来减少自然灾害带来的危害展开。因此【干扰项排除】①选项都出现关键词由此可知本题与自然灾害有关。
natural disasters,
②虽然录音开头有提及一些发展中国家遭受严重的自然灾害，
A 项不对。
但录音接下来强调的是，采取预防措施，这些国家的人员伤亡成功降低了，故录音没有主要阐述世界气象组织如何研究自然灾害，故灾害上显得有多无力
B 项不对。C 项“人类在面对自然
”与录音提到的人们采取预防措施应对自然灾害这一事实不符。
17 How can we stop extreme events from turning into disasters? [B]【解析】录音提到
Geoffrey Love
说极端事件还会继续发生，但是只有当人们未能做
换言之，我们需要采取行动来为
好准备工作或预防措施时，此做准备，因此选
B。
极端事件才会最终演变成灾难，
【干扰项排除】①四个选项都是By+doing...结构，推测问题可能涉及做某事的方式。②A
项“通过训练救援队伍来应对突发事件把人们迁移到更安全的地方
”、C 项“通过改变人们对自然的看法”和D 项“通过
”录音均没有提及，故排除。
18 What does the example of Cuba serve to show?
[A]【解析】录音最后，世界气象组织列举了古巴和孟加拉国作为例子，说明这两个国家通过采取预防措施，成功地减少了自然灾害带来的大量人员死亡。系统的古巴在
2008 年遭遇5 次飓风连续袭击，仅有
接着录音提到，采用了预警
7 人遇难。A 项与之相符。
C 项“古巴人如
【干扰项排除】B 项“勇敢的古巴人怎样面对灾难何遭受热带风暴的袭击
”录音没有提及，故排除；
”，录音虽有提及古巴人每年都遭受很多次热带风暴袭击这一事实，
C 项不对。古巴在防范热带风暴袭击方面做得很成功，
D 项“热带风暴的破坏力有多大
”。
但这不是举古巴为例子的目的，故
使得风暴造成的破坏并没有特别大，故排除
19 What does President Obama hope the banks will do?
[C]【解析】录音一开始提到，在美国政府和纳税人的帮助下，美国银行业得以复苏，总统奥巴马说银行是时候要作出回报了：C 项与录音相符。
现在银行更有义务去完成更大范围的经济复苏这一目标。
【干扰项排除】①选项都是原形动词短语，推测问题可能与行为动作有关。②A 项“向美国
政府偿还贷款”录音没有提到，是利用录音个别字词拼凑而成的；录音没有提到为那些经济严重困难的个人或企业提供贷款，是利用录音中的
recovery
因此B 项错误。D 项“加快银行在房地产泡沫中的复苏
设置的干扰项。
”
和the housing bubble
20 What is Martin Neil Baily's prediction about the financial situation in the future?
[B]【解析】录音提到，经济学家年已经有
Martin Neil Baily
认为银行业危机并没有结束，
在2009
130 多家美国银行倒闭，预计在2010 年会有更多规模小的地区性银行面临倒
闭，原因是商业地产贷款将到期，【干扰项排除】①选项中多次提及能不得不与其他银行合并只是分析家的观点，并不是
B 项与之相符。
banks，推测问题与银行业有关。②
A 项“一些银行可
”
”录音没有提及，故予以排除；
Martin Neil Baily
C 项“银行将难以提供更多的贷款
的预测，故排除；录音只是提到高失业率
可能会导致借贷需求的减少以及银行不愿意放贷，并没有提及许多银行将不得不解雇员工，因此D 项错误。
21 What does U.S. Bankcorp chief Richard Davis say about its future operation? [D]【解析】在银行的问题上，
Richard Davis
比一些经济专家更乐观，他说借贷就好像
D 项中provide more loans
是
煤炭对于引擎的作用一样，所以我们要放出更多的贷款。录音中make more loans
的同义转换，故为正确答案。
【干扰项排除】①从选项的内容来看，题目与密切合作”、B 项“努力注销不良贷款除。
It(银行）将来的举动有关。②A 项“与政府
”和C 项“尝试降低利率”录音均没有提及，故予以排
22 What does Martin Neil Baily think of a second stimulus to the economy? [D]【解析】录音最后提到，如果美国经济再次开始下滑，度刺激经济，因此
D 项正确。
It 的情况，留意题目中的
It 指代何物。②A 项“它”录音均没有提及，故予以Baily 认为应该有充分的理由二
【干扰项排除】①四个选项都是关于不会帮助美国经济好转
”和B 项“它不会对主要商业银行有好处
Obama administration
排除；C 项是利用录音中设置的干扰项，故排除。
23 According to the speaker, what might be a symptom of cognitive decline in older adults?
[A]【解析】录音开头提到当我们年老时，认知能力的下降意味着丧失学习新技能的能力，或者是容易忘记一些单词、名字和人脸。ability
的同义转换。
内容涉及一些负面的影响，
注意细节。②B 项
”录音均没
A 项的unable to
是录音原文
the loss of
【干扰项排除】①四个选项都是动名词短语，“作出改变相当缓慢
”、C 项“越来越经常发脾气
”和D 项“失去与他人相处的能力
有提及，故予以排除。
24 According to James Burke, what does seem to help reduce cognitive decline? [A]【解析】录音提到
James Burke
认为虽然没有有力的证据证实运动、
饮食和认知刺激A 项是正确的。
B
可以帮助降低认知能力衰退，但是它们仍能发挥一定的积极作用。因此
【干扰项排除】录音没有提及参加社区活动和呼吸新鲜空气能减少认知能力衰退，因此项和D 项不对；录音只是提到饮食是减缓认知能力衰退的因素之一，也有可能指提高记忆力的食材，因此
C 项也不准确。
并没有指是均衡饮食，
25 What did James Burke recommend to reduce the incidence of cognitive decline?
[C]【解析】录音最后提到，
James Burke
提出一些建议，从医学、营养和认知刺激的角
C 项“尝试放弃不
度来看，人们采取健康的生活方式，可以减少认知能力衰退的发生，故健康的生活方式”正确。
【干扰项排除】A 项“忽略衰老的症状和体征时向医生征求建议
”、B 项“采取积极的生活态度”和D 项“时不
”录音均没有提及，故予以排除。
阅读参考答案26 [N]空格前的
of 表明此处应填入动名词，与介词
strapping
on 搭配。空格后的
roller-skates
“用
指“溜冰鞋”，词库的动名词中，可与on 搭配，后接表示鞋子的宾语，意为
带子系上(鞋子）”，符合此处语境。27[I]此处需填入修饰
attitude
的词，由
a 可知需填入的单词是辅音字母开头的。上文
提到“你”喜欢溜旱冰，穿上鞋子就微笑。是积极正面的，故填入
positive
“你”同样知道溜旱冰是很好的运动，因此这种态度
“积极的”。
description
可知是第三人称单数形式。文章开头的
28[D]此处应填入谓语动词，由主语Let's say...illustrates
表明第一段对溜旱冰的描绘是举例，因此此处符合语义逻辑的是说明，阐明“”，该处句子的意思是
“对溜旱冰的描述说明了态度有三个组成部分
可知是动词原形。本句要说明态度的第一个指的是对溜旱冰这项活动的喜爱之情，
情感或感情部“
”。
29[C]此处应填入谓语动词，由主语部分affect highlight
feelings
“情感”，主语these feelings
强调，突出“”与宾语the affective or emotional component
prevail“流行，盛行；获胜
分”搭配合理。而上也不合逻辑。30[B]空格在名词can bring
”是不及物动词,prompt “推动；提示”在语义
health 之后，可能填入副词或名词。因为空格后的that the activity
这项活动可以带来的“”是定语从句，故应填入名词，充当从句先行词。第一段提(excellent exercise)
，因此本句填入语义相关的
到“你”知道溜旱冰是极好的运动benefits
好处“”。
31[L]此处应填入谓语动词，符合要求的是趣”。
构成～sb. to do sth.结构，主语attitudes 表明该词是原形。
prompt “促使”，句子意思是“我们的态度促使我们去外面享受溜旱冰的乐
32 [E]空格前的the 表明此处应填入名词，空格后that 引导的是同位语从句，意为“这
三个组成部分总是协调统一的”。impression“印象”符合上下文语义，指“我们不想给你留
下这种印象”，呼应后文“它们并不是”。33[H]空格在work together
之后，故应填入副词。
perfectly
完美地“”符合语境，指这“主要地，首先”不对。
三个部分配合完美。上下文没有表示动作先后的描述，故34 [A]由or 可知此处应填入与avoiding
eating
primarily
并列的动名词，意思上表示相反的情况，因此
避“免”正确，指“吃比萨还是不吃”。
may 表明此处应填入动词原形，
且是不及物动词。上一句提到情感部分可
be
35[J]空格前的
能更强的情形（probably will be strongerstronger
近义的prevail
获胜“”。
），本句指认知部分更强的情况，故填入与
36 [I]【译文】如今很多符合资格的年轻选民对地方选举或者全国大选不感兴趣。
eligible for voting
和national elections
查找到I 段最后一句，该即使是全国大选，他们之中也
对应原文,故本题答案
【定位解析】根据
句提到最年轻的（18 至24 岁）合格选民的投票率非常低。只有稍多于四分之一的人会去投票。题目的中的youngest eligible voters,为I 段。
young people eligible for voting
则为文中原词复现
而national elections
37[B]【译文】父母担心自己的孩子在步入青少年时期后会卷入刑事犯罪中。【定位解析】根据
concerned, criminal offences
以及reach their teens,
可查找到
B
段最后两句。这两句提到在跟年轻人有关的电视新闻画面中，有母总是担心自己的小孩到了青春叛逆期会变得难以管控，中的criminal offences
对应原文的
20%与刑事案件有关，父
本题
题目是该处原文的同义表达。
criminal justice system, concern 对应原文的
worry，而once they reach their teens adolescence
的同义转述，故本题答案为
则是once they hit the turbulent waters of B 段。
38 [F]【译文】即使在上世纪动荡不安的年代里，年轻人的反叛也经常被媒体描述得太夸张。
【定位解析】根据youth rebellion
和exaggerated
可查找到
F 段第3 句。该句提到，
exaggerated
是
即使在当时，所谓的“大规模的年轻人叛逆原文overdone 词复现，所以
的同义表达（overdo F 段为正确答案。
”也被媒体报道夸大了。本题的
意为“对……过于夸张”）,youth rebellion 则为原
39[D]【译文】现在的青少年经常在一些重要的事情上，比如说选择职业时，征求父母的建议。
【定位解析】根据题目中的
turn to their parents for advice
和career choice
可查
找到D 段第3 句。该句提到，现在的青少年很钦佩他们的父母，也很乐于在一些重大的事情上，比如在选择职业时，接受父母的引导。题目是该处原文的同义表述，parents for advice
对应原文的
welcome parental guidance,
turn to their
为原
而career choice
词复现，故本题答案为D 段。
40 [C]【译文】青少年犯罪和品行不端的现象正在减少。【定位解析】根据题目中的
teenage crime
和decreasing
查找到C 段第3 句。该句
提到，犯罪、药物滥用和婚前性行为这些现象在青少年群体中普遍都有所减少。本题中的decreasing
是原文in general decline
的概括，而
C 段为正确答案。
的同义转述，misbehavior teenage crime
是对原文
drug
abuse and premarital sex 原文的同义表述，所以
为原词复现，题目正是对该句
41[K]【译文】年轻人要有崇高的理想，要力争成为领导者。【定位解析】根据
lofty ideals
和leaders,查找到K 段第2 句。该句指出，年轻人也
热爱国家、心怀成为未
的同义转述，
，故K 段
应当要有一些崇高的目标，包括愿意为这个更广大的社会做出贡献、
lofty ideals
来领导者的远大抱负。题目中的strive to be leaders 为正确答案。
对应文中的
是原文noble purposes
make their own leadership contributions
42 [A]【译文】有些年轻人会把某些东西藏起来不让父母发现。【定位解析】根据
keep some to themselves
查找到A 段末句。该句指出，虽然有超
但也不过就是些低俗的刊物是对原文
keep secret from
过三分之一的青少年会在房间里藏一些不想让父母发现的东西，或者CD 罢了。题目中的their parents
keep some to themselves
A 段。
的同义转述，故选
43 [L]【译文】鼓励年轻人探索更广阔的世界并为将世界变得更美好而做好准备，这是有益的。
【定位解析】根据题目中的
encourage
、explore、world 可查找到
L 段的最后一句。
我们会有的同义
该句指出，鼓励年轻人探索超越直接经验的世界，无穷的收获。题目中的
It is beneficial
是对文中和原文中的
让他们为改变世界而做好准备，We have everything to gain explore the world beyond their
即原文中的
转述，explore the broader world immediate experience world，故正确答案为
对应，make it a better world L 段。
shaping that
44 [E]【译文】现在很多青少年都会为需要帮助的人提供服务。【定位解析】根据
service
和the needy
查找到E 段第2 句。该句指出，很多青少年
the needy
是原文disadvantaged
都会自愿参加帮助弱势群体的社区服务。题目中的people
的同义替换，故答案为
E 段。
45[J]【译文】采访发现，学生基本都只关注自己的事。【定位解析】根据题目中的段讲到被采访的学生的反馈，
Interviews
和personal matters
查找到J 段第4 句。J
当被问及想有什么改变时，学生们都只提到了跟自身有关的事，
是原文personal
即只关注自己的事。题目正是对此处的同义概括，concerns
的同义表达，故正确答案为
J 段。
personal matters
46 [C]【定位】根据题干中的the revised “Green Guides定位至第”2 段。
【解析】本题问“绿色指南”修订版要求商家怎么做。第商家不得使用诸如
2 段首句指出联邦贸易委员会警告
,包括
”
“生态友好的”之类表达宽泛的标签。第2 句指出商家须具体怎么做
C 项“具体说明其产品为何是绿色的的同义表达，故选
C 项。
要证明其产品包装上的描述属实、明确具体的益处。与原文吻合，其中
Specify
为原文中
specific
【干扰项排除】A 项“制造尽可能多的绿色产品”并非联邦贸易委员会的要求。联邦贸易委
B 项“指出
员会要求商家使其产品的益处具体化，如写明产品中有多少可回收成分，而非其产品是否可回收47 [D]
”。文章并未提及
D 项“所有产品贴上绿色标签
”。定位至第
【定位】根据题干中的an explosion of green claims 6 段。
6 段首句
【解析】本题问作者对于消费者在面对绿色环保宣传泛滥时的表现有何看法。第指出在过去
5 年左右的时间里，声称绿色环保的宣传呈爆发状态。第
2 句指出消费者并
”与原文
不总是了解他们要购买的产品。相符，故为答案。
D 项“他们并不清楚哪种产品才是真正绿色环保的
【干扰项排除】A 项“他们能轻易看穿营销陷阱”与文中说的“消费者不总是了解”不符。上文
虽提到消费者选购产品时会觉得迷惑，但不能由此得出B 项“他们必须花费大量时间来挑
但并未提及“集”。定位至第
7
选产品”。文中有两处提到“绿色认证”，其一是庄臣公司遭到集体诉讼的事例，体诉讼”是消费者发起的，故不能得出48 [C]【定位】根据题干中的段第2 句。
【解析】本题询问在集体诉讼案中，
庄臣公司被指控的罪名是什么。
C 项“他们对当前的绿色认证存在疑虑
和the class-action lawsuits
SC Johnson
第7 段第2 句指出，
“绿色清单”标签。
2008 到2009 年间，庄臣公司遭到集体诉讼，被指在其清洁产品上使用第3 句指出诉讼认为该标签具有误导性，原因是
“会使消费者误认为该产品已通过第三方
”与原文意思一致，其中
认证”。C 项“它误导消费者相信他们的产品已获得第三方认证misled
对应原文的
misleading,
故C 项为答案。
【干扰项排除】A 项“它让消费者认为其所有产品都是真正的绿色产品公司的清洁产品，并未说是其所有产品，其产品打上环保标签
”，涉案的只是庄臣
“授权第三方为
A 项可排除。本文未提及庄臣公司
”和“销售不在官方,绿色清单?中的清洁产品”，故B、D 两项也可排除。
Christopher Beard
定位至第
8 段。
49[A]【定位】根据题干中的【解析】本题询问Christopher Beard
Christopher Beard 如何为该公司的标签行为作辩解。本段讲到
对本公司在绿色清单体系所取得的成就感到骄傲，并且相信他们能在
这些“集体诉讼”案子里胜出，然而他也承认这个（绿色标签）领域很难规范、指引。由此可知，Christopher Beard
认为那时候在绿色标签事项上没有明确的指导方针，刚好对应文
A 项为答案。
但是无法确定给产品加上自己公
”也不是Christopher
”和D 项“法律
章开头说的如今美国联邦贸易委员会关于绿色标签的提议，因此【干扰项排除】虽然使用生态环保标签是市场风行的做法，司的认证这一做法是否普遍，而且
C 项“符合市场的普遍做法
Beard 的辩护观点，故不选。文章未提及B 项“其公司产品广为公众接受
不要求第三方认证”，也可排除。
11 段第2 句。Wild West
所指的意义。第
11 段第2 句先指出当
人人都可以宣称自己
B 项“每家公司
50[B]【定位】根据题干直接定位至第【解析】本题询问凯文
?威廉引用的
前绿色认证的乱象犹如往昔的“西大荒”，随后指出具体乱在哪些方面：
是环保的，与历史上美国西部拓荒时期的无政府混乱状态如出一辙，因此在绿色标签这方面都有自己的做法
”与该句表述相符，为本题答案。
【干扰项排除】文章指出各公司竞相推出各自的绿色环保宣传或广告，而非产品”，故排除A 项。C 项“消费者对有绿色标签的产品很狂热任何产品都可以标记为绿色产品
”曲解了
“竞相生产绿色
”、D 项“西部地区所生产的
“the Wild West”中wild 和west 的意义。
51[B]【定位】根据题干中的America's education system 定位至第1 段。
美国的教
【解析】本题询问文章对美国教育系统的评价。育系统不再是通往机遇的阶梯，
文章首段即明确指出作者的观点：
已然成为将不平等代代相传的体系。
B 项“对消除不平等毫无作用
可见作者认为教育原本”为答案。
“为富
具有的消除不平等的功能已不存在，【干扰项排除】第
1 句指出美国的教育系统不再是通往机遇的阶梯，但并非变成了
”，故排除
A 项。后半句指出教育系统变成了将不平等代代相传的C 项“几代人以来基本上保持不变
人提供通往机遇的阶梯
体系，并不是指教育系统不变，章未提及教育体系具有
”曲解其意，故排除；文”的功能，也可排除。3 段第1 句。
D 项“将几代人培养成有责任感的公民
inner-city schools
定位至第
52 [B]【定位】根据题干中的
【解析】本题询问内城区学校表现不佳的主要原因。第糕的主要原因不是教师工会，而是来源”为答案。题干中的undesirable performance
poverty(
贫穷）。与
3 段首句指出，内城区学校表现糟poverty
同义的B 项“缺乏财政main reason,
is chiefly responsible for
对应do poorly
。
对应原文的
【干扰项排除】原文中只是提到主要原因不在于教师工会，而是贫穷，非主要原因。文章内容未涉及排除。
53[C]【定位】根据题干中的【解析】本题询问作者的观点，市长采取的一些措施，本段第偿，他会赞同(sympathetic)
the union
及题干询问内容可定位至第
A 项“不合格教师”
”，也可
C 项“不良的学习环境”和D 项“潜意识的种族歧视
4 段第1、2 句。上段末尾提到工会抵制
工会应该如何作为来赢得公众支持。
1 句提出了作者的观点：如果工会只是致力于获取更高的补。第2 句进一步说明为什么工会应该致力于获取更高的补偿
“为教师争取更高
金：只有高薪才能够吸引优秀人才到贫困地区的学校任教。因此工会应该的报酬”,C 项正确。
【干扰项排除】工会抵制了市长采取的一些措施，
A 项“帮助市政府改革学校”可排除。基
于本文，教师工会的职能主要是为教师提供保护和争取福利，不包括提供建设性的建议54 [D]
”和D 项“帮助教师提高教学质量
”。
B 项“为内城区学校
【定位】根据题干中的the gold standard study, Harvard and Columbia
University scholars 定位至第5 段第2 句。
【解析】本题询问哈佛大学和哥伦比亚大学的学者开展的金标准研究的结果。因此该句found 后的宾语从句即为答案：即使是在极度贫困地区的学校，教师也总是会对教育产生巨大的，或积极或消极的影响。因此，教师对教育所产生的影响。题干中的
D 项“学生的表现与教师密切相关finding
是原文
”为答案，体现了
found 的词性转换。但并非该研究发现的结果，
因此A
【干扰项排除】文章中提及部分内城区学校的师资不佳，项“很多内城区学校的教师无法胜任他们的工作以及他们对教师的态度，
”可排除。文章未提及内城区学校学生的行为
”和C 项“很多学生对他
因此B 项“大部分内城区的孩子经常翘课
们的教师不满”也可排除。55 [A]【定位】根据题干中的位至最后三段。
【解析】本题询问为什么说芝加哥工会的要求是对学生的侮辱。第
9 段指出芝加哥工会坚
Chicago union's, demand
和an insult to students
定
持认为那些被解聘的（通常是不称职的）教师拥有优先聘用权，作者认为这对学生是个侮辱，第10 和第11 段对此作具体解释，指出不应过度保护这些人的工作权益，一旦满足工会要求、保护这些人的权益，学生的权益就会被牺牲掉。因此不称职的教师”为答案，at the expense of
是原文中
A 项“以牺牲学生为代价保护sacrifices
的同义转换。
【干扰项排除】文章未涉及工会对学生辨别和学习能力的评估，师和坏老师的能力
”、D 项“完全忽视学生在学习过程中的主动性
”也可排除。
B 项“低估了学生辨别好老”均可排除。文章未提及歧
视问题，C 项“让学生感到在多方面遭受歧视
翻译参考答案表达难点
1. 第一句有两个谓语动词
“是一种……”及“源于……”，可将前者处理为英文句子的谓语成分，
originating from
）也可用定语从句
后者作“服装”的后置定语，形式既可用非谓语动词（（that originates from...
）。
2. 第二句可以处理成一个定语从句，主干是的定语。用非谓语动词作定语，
“旗袍是长袍”，“王室女性穿着的”是修饰长袍
“旗袍”和“穿”是被动关系，因此用过去分词形式。
这个搭配。“受西方服饰的影响due to the influence of...
”可以用。
3. 第三句的“发生变化”可以用undergo changes 分词作状语的结构
influenced by...
，也可以处理成
4. 第二段都是体现旗袍重要性的一些短句子，如逐一翻译，译文会显得比较松散，可以使用一些结构或词语将它们衔接起来，参考译文
Qipao is an elegant type of Chinese dress that originates from the Manchu Nationality. In the Qing Dynasty, it was a loose gown worn by females of the royal family. In 1920s
，it underwent some changes due to the influence of
比如not only... but also..., moreover, even
等。
western dress. Its cuffs became narrower and the length was shortened as well.
Such changes allow the beauty of female to be fully displayed.
Nowadays Qipao is not only frequently seen on world-class fashion shows, but also the first-choice dress for Chinese women to attend some important social gatherings. Moreover, many Chinese brides choose it as their wedding gowns. Some influential figures even have suggested making Qipao a national dress for Chinese women.
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