(总分：710.00，做题时间：130分钟) Part Ⅰ Writing(总题数：1，分数：0.00)
1. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Importance of Social Practice. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.
1．对于是否应该参加社会实践，大家看法不一 2．参加社会实践的重要性 （分数：106.50）
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正确答案：([范文]
When it comes to students' social practice, some people regard it as a waste of time, whereas others argue that participating in various social activities benefits a lot. Personally, I am in favor of the latter view.
To begin with, by being more socially involved, we can apply the knowledge we have acquired from textbooks to the solution of practical problems. Only in doing so can we get extra experience outside the Ivory Tower. What is more, getting involved in social practice can help us gain a better insight into what is happening in the world around us, which does good to our further study. Last but not least, social practice will provide us with more opportunities to develop interpersonal skills, which may put us in a favorable position in the future job markets.
To conclude, proper amount of social practice does not occupy too much time and should become an indispensable part of school education, for the knowledge we obtain from textbooks in class is far from enough.)
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension(总题数：0，分数：0.00) Section A(总题数：8，分数：0.00)
. Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1. （分数：28.40）
A.Traveling in South Africa to seek medical help. B.Promoting awareness and prevention of AIDS. √ C.Visiting clients and signing contracts. D.Collecting fund for the new business. 解析：[听力原文]
W: Our President, since leaving office five years ago, has spent a huge amount of time promoting AIDS awareness and prevention.
M: That is the thing I have been doing.
W: I know you just came back from Johannesburg, South Africa, part of your six-nation tour of Africa.
M: Right. You know, Africa has been more affected by AIDS than any other place in the world.
W: Why?
M: I think that's partly because there were not systems in place both to
prevent people from contracting it and spreading it.
W: How is your work getting on?
M: I think we are beginning to make some headway not only in Africa, but in other places where it's a problem.
W: can you name some?
M: It is spreading worldwide, growing even faster now in terms of the rate of increase in the former Soviet Union and the Caribbean, India, China.
W: I know your foundation is making a great deal of progress. Is it reasonable to expect that it can be brought under control?
M: Well, yes, but you have to take care of education and prevention and care and treatment at the same time, and the two things speed up each other.
W: How should we understand they speed up each other?
M: When you've got to treat people, you've got to overcome any kind of cultural dislike, talk about it and get young people to behave responsibly and you've got to do whatever you can to get as many people tested as quickly as possible but keep in mind that this is a disease that's one hundred percent preventable.
What has the president been doing since leaving office? ①选项均为现在分词，猜测本题可能是问某人在做什么。②对话开头就点明，President离职后一直在致力于提高人们的艾滋病防御意识，即B。
男士去南非是为艾滋病的防控提供帮助，而非去寻求医疗救助，排除A。C“拜访客户、签合同”以及D“为新业务筹集资金”在对话中均未涉及。
. Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 5. （分数：28.40）
A.To organize activities for children. B.To sell local farm products. C.To bring tourists to the town. D.To raise fund for the hospital. √ 解析：[听力原文]
W: Are you going to the fair next Saturday? M: What fair?
W: The annual fair that Riverbell puts on the first Saturday in June to raise money for the Riverdale hospital. The fair is being held on the university athletic field just like in previous years. Haven't you noticed the tents that had already been set up?
M: Yes, I have, what are they for?
W: They are for the many special events and displays. And this year there'll be quite a few new events.
M: How about you? Will you go?
W: Yes, actually I am going to help serve food at the refreshment tent for a few hours Saturday afternoon.
M: Do many people volunteer to help out?
W: Oh, yes. I like helping, because I really enjoy seeing a lot of my friends at the food tent. Everybody loves to eat.
M: So that's it. I heard some other people talking about going to hear local
bands. Everyone says that this year's show is supposed to be more exciting than all the others put together. That's the entertainment tent, right?
W: Right, but that event will be the evening before the fair on Friday. An auction will take place on Saturday afternoon, and there will be some real treasures for sale then. People donate all kinds of things. There will also be an art show on Saturday and a special games tent just for children.
M: And all the profits from the fair always go to support the hospital. What a good idea! Well, I need a couple of bookcases; maybe I can find some at the auction. I'm glad you mentioned it.
What is the main purpose to hold the fair?
①根据选项内容都是不定式，可以判断题目询问做某事的目的是什么。②对话中男士不解女士提及的集会，女士解释说这是为医院筹集资金的集会。D为原文to raise money for the Riverdale hospital的同义表达，故为答案。
A“为孩子组织活动”、B“销售当地农场产品”和C“把游客带到这个镇上”对话中都未提及。
Section B(总题数：7，分数：0.00)
. Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard. 1. （分数：21.30）
A.Communication actually takes place when the message is received. B.There are more means of receiving than of sending communications. C.Reception of communication involves use of the senses.
D.It is hard to organize by typing the means of sending communication. √ 解析：[听力原文]
Under normal conditions the act of communication requires the presence of at least two persons: one who sends and one who receives the communication. In order to communicate thoughts and feelings, there must be a conventional system of signs or symbols which mean the same to the sender and the receiver. The means of sending communications are too numerous and varied for systematic classification; therefore, the analysis must begin with the means of receiving communications.
Reception of communication is achieved by our senses. Sight, hearing and touch play the most important roles. Smell and taste play very limited roles. Examples of visual communication are gesture and imitation. Although both frequently accompany speech, there are systems that rely solely on sight, such as those used by deaf and dumb persons. Another means of communicating visually is by signals of fire, smoke, flags or flashing lights. Feelings may be simply communicated by touch such as by handshaking, although a highly-developed system of handshaking disables blind, deaf, and dumb persons to communicate intelligently. Whistling to someone, clapping hands in a theater, and other forms of communication by sound rely upon the ear as a receiver. The most fully-developed form of auditory communication is, of course, the spoken language.
The means of communication mentioned so far have two features in common: they last only a short time, and the persons involved must be relatively close to each other. Therefore, all are restricted in time and space.
Why does the speaker analyze reception of communication first?
由于交流活动中信息发送方式种类繁多，不利于系统分类，因此说话者选择从信息接收方式(the means of receiving communications)的角度来分析信息交流。由此推断，D为正确答案。
①符合“同义替换”的解题技巧。语义强调词(如本处的therefore)所在的句子常常是考点所在。②B与文意相反；C属于答非所问。
. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard. 4. （分数：28.40）
A.Worse than in the past. √ B.As bad as in the past.
C.Not so dangerous as in the past. D.As necessary as in the past. 解析：[听力原文]
Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war? War is an ancient institution which has existed for at least six thousand years. It was always bad and usually foolish, but in the past the human race managed to live with it. Modern ingenuity has changed this. Either Man will abolish war, or war will abolish Man. For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will never be done until we have succeeded in abolishing war. There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology would prevent war. I believe this to be a big error. All ideologies are based upon dogmatic statements which are, at best, doubtful, and at worst, totally false. Their adherents believe in them so fanatically that they are willing to go to war in support of them. To prevent war, we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way. It is not easy to change very old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted for the survival of human beings.
Compared with wars in the past, what is war like today?
短文明确提到，在过去，人类可以伴随战争生存，但现代智慧已经改变了这种情况：现在要么是人类消灭战争，要么是战争毁灭人类。由此可见，战争已经升级，下文提到的具毁灭性特征的生化武器和核武器就是很好的例子。故A为正确答案。
①四个选项都是与in the past的情况进行比较，故听音时要格外留意相关内容。②注意上下文的综合理解：转折词but之后的信息往往很重要。
Section C(总题数：10，分数：0.00)
. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard. 1. （分数：42.60）
A.He is a well-known comic movie star.
B.He is a famous technician of mobile technology. C.He is one of Hollywood's renowned filmmakers. √ D.He is one of the best known film investors. 解析：[听力原文]
W: One of the ways mobile technology is adapting is by getting closer to the film industry, and one of Hollywood's best known names, Robert Redford, is joining
the revolution. Today it's really a great pleasure to have this movie star and filmmaker here to share something with us. Good evening, Robert
M: Thank you for your introduction. You have mentioned mobile technology. Actually, what interests me is how new technology can interact with entertainment, which is art, and so that's where my interest comes in, what new platforms can be created to increase opportunities for artists to tell their stories. And what sits at the bottom of it is, no matter what's going on, no matter what the size of the screen is, or how short the film is, I just don't believe that you can ever keep going forward without story. So, as long as you're able to tell a story on this new platform, then I think it's going to be successful. You have to have a good story. You have to tell a story with a beginning, middle and an end, and it has to have an emotional grabbing point, it has to satisfy you, and it has to entertain you. And that was just four panels. So if you can do it with a comic, you can do it with film. To me, it's a discipline that can be put on the filmmaker that I think is pretty healthy. I love the idea. So, what I really like are new filmmakers. I mean at this film festival this year, which we just finished, there were a lot of exciting things about it. One of them was the film made by the means of crossing over disciplines, which has a lot to do with this new technology. The new technology is sponsoring new ways of seeing things and new ways of doing things. And so suddenly in our festival this year we had more new filmmakers than we've ever had since we started. Secondly we had filmmakers crossing over disciplines. We had Bono and U2 coming with their 3D experimental film for IMAX. You had poets, you had musicians, you had artists from different, other disciplines crossing over into film, and the work to be seen was really exciting.
What do we learn about Robert Redford?
录音开头介绍Robert Redford是一位著名的好莱坞影星和导演，故C所述正确。
录音开头介绍Robert Redford是一位著名的好莱坞影星，但是没说他是一位喜剧影星，故A错误。录音并未提及他是一位著名的移动技术人员，也没说他是知名的电影投资人，故B、D也可排除。
. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard. 4. （分数：56.80）
A.Create images making people stop thinking. B.Run after many fun things in life.
C.Try things that doctors think impossible. √ D.Freeze a big animal in a block of ice. 解析：[听力原文]
As a magician, I try to create images that make people stop and think. I also try to challenge myself to do things that doctors say are not possible. I was buried alive in New York City in a coffin, buried alive in a coffin in April, 1999, for a week. I lived there with nothing but water. And it ended up being so much fun that I decided I could pursue doing more of these things. The next one is I froze myself in a block of ice for three days and three nights in New York City. That was more difficult than I'd expected. The one after that, I stood on top of a hundred-foot pillar for 36 hours. I began to have illusions that the buildings that were behind me started to look like big
animal heads.
So, next I went to London. In London I lived in a glass box for 44 days with nothing but water. It was, for me, one of the most difficult things I'd ever done, but it was also the most beautiful. There were so many skeptics, especially the press in London, that they started flying cheeseburgers on helicopters around my box to tempt me. So, I felt all was worth when the New England Journal of Medicine actually used the research for science.
My next pursuit was I wanted to see how long I could go without breathing, like how long I could survive with nothing, not even air. I didn't realize that it would become the most amazing journey of my life.
As a young magician I was obsessed with Houdini and his underwater challenges. So, I began, early on, competing against the other kids, seeing how long I could stay underwater while they went up and down to breathe, you know, five times, while I stayed under on one breath. By the time I was a teenager I was able to hold my breath for three minutes and 30 seconds. I would later find out that was Houdini's personal record.
In 1987 I heard of a stow about a boy that fell through ice and was trapped under a river. He was underneath, not breathing for 45 minutes. When the rescue workers came they brought him back to life and there was no brain damage. His core temperature had dropped to 77 degrees. As a magician, I think everything is possible. And I think if something is done by one person it can be done by others. I started to think, if the boy could survive without breathing for that long, there must be a way that I could do it.
What does the speaker say he tries to do as a magician?
录音开头演讲者提到作为一名魔术师，他试图挑战医生认为不可能的事，C为该处录音的同义表达，为本题答案。
录音开头，演讲者提到他试图做到自己创造的形象能让人们停下来思考，并不是让人停止思考，故A错误。演讲者提到自己1999年在纽约的魔术表演结束后，觉得很有趣，因而决定以后可以尝试做这类表演，并不是说他想追求生活中有趣的事情，故B错误。演讲者提到他曾将自己冻在一块冰里，而非将一头大型动物冻在一块冰里，故D错误。
. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard. 8. （分数：42.60）
A.When the President and the First Lady danced in the White House. B.When an old slave was interviewed about American Black History. C.When an old lady danced with the President and the First lady. √ D.when some African American children visited the White House. 解析：[听力原文]
For me the most magical moment in this week's news was the sight of a 106-year-old woman, Virginia McLaurin dancing with the President and the First Lady in the White House. There she was, glowing with excitement like a child; thrilled to be in the White House, thrilled in American Black History Month to be holding hands with a black President and First Lady after all that history of slavery and suffering. It was glorious. And other people thought so as well because 60 million have watched
the video. How do you get to be that old and stay that young?
The best answer I know is at the end of the book of Deuteronomy. The Bible says about Moses that at the age of 120, \"his eye was undimmed and his natural energy not weak.\" I used to think that these were just two descriptions, until I realized that the first was the explanation of the second. Why didn't his energy decline? Because his eye was undimmed. Because he never lost the ideals of his youth, and his belief that his people could emerge from slavery and, inspired by God, write its own chapter in the history of the human spirit.
And despite all the setbacks, despite the fact that a journey that should have taken days took decades, he never lost hope, never stopped journeying toward the Promised Land.
A few months ago, Lord Weidenfeld died at the age of 96. He too stayed active almost to the very end with plans to bring peace to troubled parts of the world. On his 92rid birthday he was interviewed by a journalist who said, \"In their nineties, most people think about slowing down. You seem to be speeding up. Why is that?\" He replied, \"When you get to be 92 you see the door beginning to close, and I have so much to do before it closes that the older I get, the harder I have to work.\" That's how he stayed young.
It isn't always possible; we get weak, the body ages, the mind fades. But while we can, let's live the life of the spirit to the full. We are as young as our ideals. Never 10se faith; never lose hope; never close your mind to wonder. And when the President asked Virginia McLaurin for the secret of being able to dance at 106, she didn't reply; she danced. \"Just keep moving,\" said the First Lady with a smile.
What was the most magical moment in this week's news according to the speaker?
录音开头说话人提到对于她来说本周最不可思议的时刻是看到新闻上播放一位106岁的老太太在白宫和总统及第一夫人跳舞的事。故C为正确答案。
A颇具干扰性，录音开头虽然提到本周新闻中最让人觉得不可思议的是一位老太太和总统及第一夫人跳舞，但主角是老太太，而非总统和第一夫人，故A错误。B“一位老年黑奴接受采访”和D“一些非裔美国小孩参观白宫”录音中均未提及。
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension(总题数：0，分数：0.00) Section A(总题数：10，分数：0.00)
.Throughout history man has observed such natural cycles as the rising and setting of the sun, the ebb and flow of the ocean tides, and the changes of the seasons. The 1 nature of these events provided people with a measure of 2 about things to come and give them reason to reflect on their past and plan for their future. The regularity of such social activities as work hours, meal times, and holiday schedules 3 the extent to which human activity itself is organized in cycles.
Recently, 4 effort has been spent investigating the effect of various biological rhythms in the human body. 5 , interest in these rhythms at least in part results from man's basic desire to predict future behavior.
The human body 6 a number of repeatable rhythms: heartbeats,
breathing rates, brain waves and other physiological processes within the human machine.
Scientists studying rhythms in humans have measured sleep patterns and attention 7 over periods of several days, and have 8 the fact that the cycles exist and exert effects on physiological and sociological behavior. A common example is jet lag. A person's traveling in the east-west direction across time zones 9 his sleep cycles—it may take several days to return to the 10 cycle or to readjust to a new one.
A.indicates E. considerable I. Certainly M. security B.demonstrated F. upsets J. Thankfully N. exhibits C.verifying G. disappoints K. spans O. limits D.normal H. periodic L. gorgeous （分数：35.50） 1. （分数：3.55） A.A B.B C.C D.D
解析： 此处填入修饰nature的词，可能是名词、形容词或分词。空格后的these events指的就是第一句提到的natural cycles“自然周期”所表现的现象。因此，空格处应填入含有“循环；周期”意思的词语，故用形容词periodic“周期(性)的”。
[参考译文]
纵观历史，人类观察着自然周期规律，例如日出日落、潮起潮落、四季更替。这些现象的周期性让人们对即将到来的事物有了不少的安全感，也给予了人们反思过去和计划未来的理由。这些社会活动——如工作时间、吃饭时间和假日安排——的规律性表明了某种程度上人类活动本身的组织安排也是有周期性的。
近年来，人们花费了大量精力来研究人体各种生物节律的作用。当然，对这些节律的兴趣至少有一部分是来自人们想要预测未来行为的基本欲望。
人体有着许多重复的节奏：心跳、呼吸率、脑波和其他人体机能的生理过程。
研究人体节奏的科学家对睡眠模式和注意力集中时间进行了数天的周期测量，并证明了一个事实：周期存在而且在生理和社会行为上发挥着作用。一个常见的例子就是时差。自东向西跨时区的旅行就会扰乱游客的睡眠周期——这可能要花上好几天的时间才能恢复到正常周期或再调整一个新周期。
2. （分数：3.55） A.A B.B C.C D.D
解析： 根据空格前的介词of，可知空格应填入名词或动名词作宾语。a measure of在此用作数量词，相当于an amount of，下文谈到了这些自然现象周期变化的规律性对人们安排行为活动的影响。换句话说，这些现象的周期性让人们能够撑控即将到来的事物。词库中只有security“安全感”放入句中后句意通
顺。
3. （分数：3.55） A.A √ B.B C.C D.D
解析： 空格所在句缺少谓语动词。该句表明的是一般情况，根据主语regularity“规律性”可知，谓语用第三人称单数。空格后的宾语的意思是“人类活动本身的组织安排在某种程度上也是有周期性的”，词库中只有indicates“表明”在语义和时态上衔接得当。
4. （分数：3.55） A.A B.B C.C D.D
解析： 此处填入修饰effort的词，可能是名词、形容词或分词。这里讲的是人们研究人体生理节律所做的努力。considerable“大量的”带入句中意思最通顺，故为答案。normal指“正常的”，语义上不如considerable准确。
5. （分数：3.55） A.A B.B C.C D.D
解析： 空格处于句首，而且该句主谓宾结构齐全，可以判断这里填入的是副词，且首字母应大写，词库中只有Certainly和Thankfully符合。根据意思判断，选Certainly。
6. （分数：3.55） A.A B.B C.C D.D
解析： 空格所在句缺少谓语动词。该句表达的是“人体”与“许多重复的节奏”的逻辑关系。根据冒号后的内容判断，这些重复的节奏都是人体所“表现”出来的，因此用exhibits。demonstrated有“演示”的意思，但时态用在此处不对，该句表明的是一般情况，故用一般现在时。
7. （分数：3.55） A.A B.B C.C D.D
解析： 空格处应填的是名词，与attention搭配，而且还跟sleep patterns一起作have measured的宾语。attention spans是常用的固定搭配，意思是“注意力集中时间”。
8. （分数：3.55）
A.A B.B √ C.C D.D
解析： 这里缺少谓语动词，根据空格前的have可判断时态是现在完成时。词库中只有demonstrated是过去分词形式，带入后表示“……证明了一个事实”。
9. （分数：3.55） A.A B.B C.C D.D
解析： 这里同样缺少谓语动词。根据常识可知，跨时区飞行会扰乱人的生物钟，upsets“搅乱，打乱”完全符合句意。limits“限制”在语义上不准确。
10. （分数：3.55） A.A B.B C.C D.D √
解析： 此处填入修饰cycle的词，可能是名词、形容词或分词。根据句子后半句的意思“再调整一个新周期”，推测空格处填入的词应含有“原来的；正常的”的意思，故用normal。
Section B(总题数：10，分数：0.00) .
Trust Me, I'm a Robot
A. With robots now emerging from their industrial cages and moving into homes and workplaces, roboticists are concerned about the safety implications beyond the factory floor. To address these concerns, leading robot experts have come together to try to find ways to prevent robots from harming people. Inspired by the Pugwash Conferences—an international group of scientists, academics and activists founded in 1957 to campaign for the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons—the new group of robo-ethicists met earlier this year in Genoa, Italy, and announced their initial findings in March at the European Robotics Symposium in Palermo, Sicily.
B. \"Security and safety are the big concerns,\" says Henrik Christensen, chairman of the European Robotics Network at the Swedish Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. Should robots that are strong enough or heavy enough to crush people be allowed into homes? Is \"system malfunction\" a justifiable defence for a robotic fighter plane that contravenes (违反) the Geneva Convention and mistakenly fires on innocent civilians?
C. \"These questions may seem hard to understand but in the next few years they will become increasingly relevant,\" says Dr. Christensen. According to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe's World Robotics Survey, in 2002 the number of domestic and service robots more than tripled, nearly surpassing their industrial counterparts. By the end of 2003 there were more than 600,000 robot
vacuum cleaners and lawn mowers—a figure predicted to rise to more than 4m by the end of next year. Japanese industrial firms are racing to build humanoid robots to act as domestic helpers for the elderly, and South Korea has set a goal that 100% of households should have domestic robots by 2020. In light of all this, it is crucial that we start to think about safety guidelines now, says Dr. Christensen.
Stop right there
D. So what exactly is being done to protect us from these mechanical menaces? \"Not enough,\" says Blay Whitby. This is hardly surprising given that the field of \"safety-critical computing\" is barely a decade old, he says. But things are changing, and researchers are increasingly taking an interest in trying to make robots safer. One approach, which sounds simple enough, is try to program them to avoid contact with people altogether. But this is much harder than it sounds. Getting a robot to navigate across a cluttered room is difficult enough without having to take into account what its various limbs or appendages might bump into along the way.
E. \"Regulating the behaviour of robots is going to become more difficult in the future, since they will increasingly have self-learning mechanisms built into them,\" says Gianmarco Veruggio. \"As a result, their behaviour will become impossible to predict fully,\" he says, \"since they will not be behaving in predefined ways but will learn new behaviour as they go.\"
F. Then there is the question of unpredictable failures. What happens if a robot's motors stop working, or it suffers a system failure just as it is performing heart surgery or handing you a cup of hot coffee? You can, of course, build in redundancy by adding backup systems, says Hirochika Inoue. But this guarantees nothing, he says. \"One hundred per cent safety is impossible through technology,\" says Dr. Inoue. This is because ultimately no matter how thorough you are, you cannot anticipate the unpredictable nature of human behaviour, he says. Or to put it another way, no matter how sophisticated your robot is at avoiding people, people might not always manage to avoid it, and could end up tripping over it and falling down the stairs.
Legal problems
G. In any case, says Dr. Inoue, the laws really just summarize commonsense principles that are already applied to the design of most modern appliances, both domestic and industrial. Every toaster, lawn mower and mobile phone is designed to minimize the risk of causing injury—yet people still manage to electrocute (电死) themselves, lose fingers or fall out of windows in an effort to get a better signal. At the very least, robots must meet the rigorous safety standards that cover existing products. The question is whether new, robot-specific rules are needed—and, if so, what they should say.
H. \"Making sure robots are safe will be critical,\" says Colin Angle of iRobot, which has sold over 2m \"Roomba\" household-vacuuming robots. But he argues that his firm's robots are, in fact, much safer than some popular toys. \"A radio-controlled car controlled by a six-year old is far more dangerous than a Roomba,\" he says. If you tread on a Roomba, it will not cause you to slip over; instead, a rubber pad on its base grips the floor and prevents it from moving. \"Existing regulations will address
much of the challenge,\" says Mr. Angle. \"I'm not yet convinced that robots are sufficiently different that they deserve special treatment.\"
I. Robot safety is likely to surface in the civil courts as a matter of product liability. \"When the first robot carpet-sweeper sucks up a baby, who will be to blame?\" asks John Hallam, a professor at the University of Southern Denmark in Odense. If a robot is autonomous and capable of learning, can its designer be held responsible for all its actions? Today the answer to these questions is generally \"yes\". But as robots grow in complexity it will become a lot less clear cut, he says.
J. \"Right now, no insurance company is prepared to insure robots,\" says Dr. Inoue. But that will have to change, he says. Last month, Japan's Ministry of Trade and Industry announced a set of safety guidelines for home and office robots. They will be required to have sensors to help them avoid collisions with humans; to be made from soft and light materials to minimize harm if a collision does occur; and to have an emergency shut-off button. This was largely prompted by a big robot exhibition held last summer, which made the authorities realize that there are safety implications when thousands of people are not just looking at robots, but mingling with them, says Dr. Inoue.
K. However, the idea that general-purpose robots, capable of learning, will become widespread is wrong, suggests Mr. Angle. It is more likely, he believes, that robots will be relatively dumb machines designed for particular tasks. Rather than a humanoid robot maid, \"it's going to be a heterogeneous (不同种类的) swarm of robots that will take care of the house,\" he says.（分数：71.00）
1. It is pointed out there is no absolute safety through technology due to the unpredictable nature of human behavior.（分数：7.10）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：F）
解析： 有人指出，由于人类行为的不可预测性导致技术保证不了绝对的安全。
根据题目中unpredictable nature of human behavior定位至F段。该段后半部分提到井上广近博士的观点：靠技术保证百分之百的安全是不可能的，因为无论如何事无巨细地准备，人类的行为本身就是不可预测的。本题句子是对该段倒数第2、3句的概括。题目中的absolute对应原文的one hundred per cent。
[参考译文]
相信我，虽然我是机器人
A．随着目前机器人逐渐突破工业应用的牢笼并进入普通家庭和一般工作场所，机器人专家们开始担心工厂之外的安全隐患。为此，世界上顶尖的机器人专家们聚集到一起，致力于找出防止机器人伤害人类的方法。受帕格沃什会议——由一群科学家、学者和活动家于1957年创立的旨在控制核武器扩散的国际性组织——的启发，新成立的机器人伦理学家团体今年早些时候在意大利热那亚举行了集会，对外公布了他们3月份在西西里岛帕勒莫欧洲机器人学专题讨论会上的初步发现。
B．“安全问题是最令人关注的，”亨利克·克里斯坦森说，他是斯德哥尔摩的瑞典皇家理工学院欧洲机器人网络协会主席。应容许强大或者沉重得可以压伤人的机器人进入家庭吗?如果机器人战斗机违反了日内瓦公约并误对无辜平民
开火，“系统故障”可以成为其正当辩护吗?
C．“这些问题可能现在看起来难以理解，但是在未来几年它们将会与我们的生活日益相关，”克里斯坦森博士说道。垫据联合国欧洲经济委员会所进行的世界机器人调查，2002年家用和服务用的机器人数量增加了两倍多，几乎超过了工业用途的机器人数量。到2003年底真空吸尘机器人和锄草机器人达到60多万预计明年底这一数字将会上升至400万以上。日本工业公司正在争相研制类人机器人作为家庭助手帮忙照顾老年人，韩国已经定下了目标，到2020年100%的家庭都将拥有家用机器人。“依此看来，我们现在非常有必要开始考虑机器人的使用安全指南，”克里斯坦森博士说。
就此止步
D．那么目前科学家们究竟做了多少努力来保护我们免受这些机器的伤害呢?“远远不够，”波来·惠特比说道。他说，考虑到“安全关键计算”这一研究领域出现才仅仅10年，这并不令人惊讶。所幸世界无时无刻不在变化，研究人员对提高机器人安全性的研究越来越感兴趣。一个听起来十分简单的方法，就是通过程序设置使它们完全避免与人接触。但是这说来容易做来难。单单让机器人穿过一个杂乱的房间就已经够困难的了，而且这还不考虑它的四肢或其他各种附件沿途会撞上什么东西的情况。
E．“由于机器人会逐渐被植入自我学习机制，控制和规范它们的行为将变得更加困难，”吉安马科·维卢乔说。他还说，如此一来，人类就无法预测它们的所有行为，因为它们不会按照预先设置的方式行动，而是会随着运行学习新的行为。
F．此外还有无法预见的机器失灵问题。当机器人正在实施心脏手术或正递给你一杯滚烫的咖啡时，如果机器人的马达停止运转了，或者发生了系统故障，该怎么办?当然，你可以添加冗余的备份系统，但是这样做根本不能保证什么，井上广近博士说。他还说：“靠技术保证百分之百的安全是不可能的。”他解释道，因为无论你如何事无巨细地准备，你根本不能预测人类的行为，它本身就是不可预测的。或者换种说法，不论你的机器人设计得多么先进可以避开人类，人们不可能总能避开它，很可能最终被它绊倒而摔下楼梯。
法律问题
G．无论如何，井上博士说，法律实际上只概括了常识性的原理，这些原理已经应用到了绝大多数现代家电和工业电器设计中。每台烤面包机、割草机、每部移动电话都经过精心设计，以便将造成伤害的危险性降到最低——但是人们居然还是会人为地电死自己、割掉手指或者为了接收更好的信号而掉出窗外。但是至少，机器人必须要达到现有产品的那些严格的安全标准。问题是，是否需要新的、专门针对机器人的安全规则——如果需要，这些安全规则应该包括些什么?
H．“确保机器人是安全的，这点至关重要，”iRobot公司的科林·安格说。他们已经售出了200万台“Roomba”家庭吸尘机器人。他认为事实上他们公司的机器人比一些流行的玩具安全得多。“6岁小孩玩的由无线电操控的玩具车就比我们公司的Roomba危险多了，”他说道。如果你踩到Roomba上，它不会使你摔倒；相反，它底部的一个橡胶垫会抓紧地板从而阻止滑动。“现行的安全规则可以应付大部分情况，”安格先生说，“我不怎么认为机器人已经不一样到需要特别对待的地步了。”
I．机器人安全问题很可能会因为产品责任争端而出现在民事法庭上。“如果第一个地毯清洁机器人把婴儿吸了起来，谁该负责?”欧登塞南丹麦大学的约
翰·哈雷姆教授质问道。如果机器人拥有自我控制和学习的能力，它的设计者要为它所有的行为负责吗?目前对此问题的回答通常是肯定的。但是哈雷姆教授指出，随着机器人变得越来越复杂，答案就不会那么明确了。
J．“迄今为止，还没有保险公司准备为机器人提供保险，”井上博士说。不过他说这种情况会改变的。上个月，日本工贸部颁布了一套家庭和办公室机器人安全准则。机器人要有传感器来帮助它们避免和人相撞，要使用轻而软的材料来制造以将发生碰撞时的伤害降到最低，还要有紧急关闭按钮。这套准则的颁布很大程度上是受到去年夏天举办的一场大型机器人展览的启发。井上博士说，这次展览使当局意识到当数以千计的人们不仅在观看机器人，而且和它们混杂在一起时会存在安全隐患。
K．然而，安格先生指出，具有学习能力的多用途机器人将会广泛流行的想法是不现实的。他认为机器人更有可能会是为特定任务设计的相对无声的机器。他说，“将来打理屋子的将是一群分工不同的机器人”，而不会是一个外型和人相像的机器女佣。
2. It sounds easier said than done to program robots to avoid contact with people.（分数：7.10）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：D）
解析： 避免机器人与人接触的程序设置方法听起来容易做起来难。 根据题目中的program和avoid contact with people定位至D段。该段倒数第2、3句提到，通过程序设置使它们完全避免与人接触的方法听起来十分简单，但做起来困难。题目中的sounds easier said than done是对原文this is much harder than it sounds的同义替换。
3. According to a survey, the number of domestic and service robots was three times over that of industrial robots in 2002.（分数：7.10）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：C） 解析： 据一项调查，2002年家用和服务用机器人的数量是工业用途的3倍。 根据题目中的survey和in 2002定位至C段。该段通过列举数字说明家用和服务用机器人数量的增长。本题句子信息出现在该段中，three times与原文中tripled对应。
4. To deal with the rising safety concern about domestic robots, robo-ethicists held meetings in Genoa.（分数：7.10）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：A）
解析： 机器人伦理学家在热内亚举行会议，探讨家用机器人日益引起关注的安全问题。
根据题目中的robo-ethicists和in Genoa定位至A段。该段提到，随着机器人进入家庭和工作场所，专家们开始担心其安全隐患，机器人伦理学家团体今年早些时候在意大利热那亚举行了集会。本题句子是对此的概括。
5. To a great extent, a robot exhibition contributed to the issue of safety guidelines for home and office robots in Japan.（分数：7.10）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：J）
解析： 一场大型机器人展览很大程度上促使日本家用和办公室用机器人安全准则的颁布。
根据题目中的robot exhibition、safety guidelines和Japan定位至J段。本题句子是对该段第3句和末句内容的概括。文中提到，日本工贸部颁布了一套家
庭和办公室机器人安全准则，这套准则的颁布很大程度上是受到去年夏天举办的一场大型机器人展览的启发。题目中的issue是原文announced的近义表达，to a great extent对应原文largely。
6. A crew member from iRobot believes the existing regulations can cope with much challenges so robots are not so different as to be treated specially.（分数：7.10）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：H） 解析： iRobot公司的一名员工认为，现行安全规则能够应对绝大部分挑战，因此机器人还没有不同到需要特别对待的地步。
根据题目中的iRobot、existing regulations和challenges定位至H段。最后两句提到，iRobot公司的科林·安格认为，现行的安全规则可以应付大部分情况，机器人没有不一样到需要特别对待。本题句子的cope with与原文address对应，be treated specially与deserve special treatment对应。
7. A university professor points out that the complexity of robots may result in the ambiguous product liability.（分数：7.10）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：I）
解析： 一位大学教授指出，机器人的日渐复杂可能会模糊产品责任。 根据题目中的university professor、complexity和product liability定位至I段。该段开头提出机器人可能引发的产品责任应由谁来负，最后一句指出随着机器人变得越来越复杂，答案就不那么明确了。题目信息出自本段，ambiguous是原文less clear cut的近似表达。
8. It will be more difficult to regulate robots' behavior due to their self-learning mechanisms.（分数：7.10）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：E）
解析： 由于机器人的自我学习机制，规范其行为会更为困难。
根据题目中的more difficult to regulate和serf-learning mechanisms定位至E段。首句提到了吉安马科·维卢乔的观点：由于机器人会逐渐被植入自我学习机制，控制和规范它们的行为将变得更加困难。本题句子包含了原文的信息，题目中的due to对应原文since。
9. Right now, the laws can only summarize commonsense principles so as to reduce the chance of injury caused by robots.（分数：7.10）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：G）
解析： 目前法律仅能概括出常识性原理，以减少机器人引起伤害的机率。 根据题目中的laws和summarize commonsense principles定位至第二个小标题下G段。该段第1、2句提到，法律上仅概括出常识性的原理，这些原理已应用到电器设计中，以便将造成伤害的危险性降到最低。倒数第2句提到，机器人必须要达到现有产品的那些严格的安全标准，即机器人也必须要达到法律上概括出的常识性原理的要求。题目中的reduce the chance of injury对应原文minimize the risk of causing injury。
10. Japanese firms are competing in the production of robots specifically helping the old people.（分数：7.10）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：C）
解析： 日本公司竞相生产尤其用于帮助照顾老年人的机器人。
根据题目中的Japanese firms和old people定位至C段。该段倒数第2句提到，日本工业公司正在争相研制类人机器人作为家庭助手帮忙照顾老年人。本
题句子信息与此一致。
Section C(总题数：0，分数：0.00) Passage One(总题数：5，分数：0.00)
. President Barack Obama's pick to head the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Lisa Jackson, has spent 20 years as an environmental officer at the state and national levels. She'll need every bit of that experience to revive an agency that has been corrupted for years, say scientists and environmentalists who welcomed this week's announcement.
A 16-year veteran of EPA's Superfund site remediation (整治) program before taking the top environmental job for the state of New Jersey, Jackson holds a master's degree in chemical engineering. \"She will be an outstanding administrator, committed to defending the integrity of the science on which EPA regulations must be based,\" says David Michaels, a research professor of environmental and occupational health at George Washington University (GWU) in Washington, D.C.
That combination of skills and ethics is badly needed at EPA, say Michaels and other scientists. Kathryn Mahaffey, who left EPA this summer for GWU after 15 years of studying the risk to humans from exposure to pollutants, says that she was instructed three years ago by a politician to \"go back and recalculate\" her results on blood mercury levels among U.S. women. Political interference has grown so serious, she says, that outside scientists \"aren't sure what scientific publications coming out of EPA they really should have confidence in.\"
One issue waiting for the next EPA administrator is whether the agency will regulate carbon emissions under the Clean Air Act. Although the U.S. Supreme Court told EPA a few years ago to re-examine its opposition to doing so, agency Administrator Stephen Johnson said this summer that \"the Clean Air Act is the wrong tool for the job\". An assistant to Obama said that Obama would instruct EPA to regulate carbon under the act if Congress didn't adopt a cap-and-trade system in the next 18 months. Another policy opposed by many environmentalists—to deny California and other states the right to tighten auto emission standards—could be reversed by the new EPA administrator.
As head of New Jersey's EPA, Jackson developed a plan to slash the state's carbon emissions and worked with other Northeast states on a regional program to do the same. Dena Mottola Jaborska, executive director of Environment New Jersey, credits Jackson with making the state \"a leader on global warming.\" At the same time, some groups have criticized Jackson for making inadequate progress on cleaning up toxic waste sites. This month, she became chief of staff to Governor Jon Corzine. If confirmed by the Senate, Jackson, 46, would become the first African-American to lead EPA.
1. During her career, Lisa Jackson had spent the longest time in ______.（分数：71.00）
A.being an environmental officer at the national level √ B.being the top environmental officer in New Jersey C.defending the integrity of science D.researching chemical engineering
解析： 根据题目中的关键词During her career和spent the longest time定位至第1段第1句和第2段第1句。
将第1段第1句提到的“在州政府和联邦政府担任环境保护官员已有20年之久”和第2段第1句“为环保署‘超级基金’场址整治项目工作了16年”作对比，可知Lisa Jackson为联邦环保署工作的时间最长(16年)，而为新泽西州负责该州的环保工作4年，因此选A。
根据以上分析，Lisa Jackson只为新泽西州工作了4年，因此不能选B；原文没有提及Lisa Jackson花了多长时间在“维护科学诚信”上，排除C；D“研究化学工程”虽在第2段出现，但讲的是莉萨拥有化学工程硕士学位，因此，这个选项也不能选。
[参考译文]
莉萨·杰克逊是巴拉克·奥巴马总统指任的环境保护署(EPA)署长，她在州政府和联邦政府担任环境保护官员已有20年之久。科学家和环保人士对本周的任命公告表示欢迎，他们声称杰克逊将利用自己多年累积的各方面经验让腐化多年的环境保护署重获生机。
杰克逊为环保署“超级基金”场址整治项目工作了16年，随后到新泽西州负责该州的环保工作，同时她还拥有化学工程硕士学位。“她会是一位出色的官员，能够致力于维护科学的诚信，这是环保署各项条例制定的基础，”华盛顿的乔治·华盛顿大学(GWU)环境和职业卫生研究教授大卫·迈克尔说道。
迈克尔和其他科学家称，美国环保署迫切需要同时具备职业技能和职业道德的人才。凯瑟琳·马哈菲用了15年的时间来研究人类接触污染物面临的危险，今年夏天她离开环保署到乔治·华盛顿大学工作。她说，3年前一位政府官员曾让她“回去重新计算”她关于美国妇女血液中汞含量的研究结果。她提到，政治干预已经发展到如此严重的地步，以致环保署以外的科学家们“无法确定哪些环保署出版的科学刊物是他们真正应该相信的。
等待下任环保署署长解决的一个问题是，环保署是否要根据《洁净空气法案》来规定二氧化碳的排放量。尽管在几年前，美国最高法院就让环保署对其反对二氧化碳排放量控制这一做法进行重新审视，但环保署前署长史蒂芬，约翰逊今年夏天表示“《洁净空气法案》并不适用于这项工作”。奥巴马一位助理说，如果国会在未来18个月内不通过限制排放与交易许可机制，奥巴马将指示环保署根据该法控制二氧化碳的排放量。另一项被不少环保人士反对的政策——拒绝赋予加利福尼亚和其他州收紧汽车尾气排放标准的权力——可能被新的环保署署长废除。
作为新泽西州环保署长，杰克逊制定了一项削减该州二氧化碳排放量的计划，并在与东北部其他各州的地区合作计划中采取了同样的做法。新泽西州的环保执行长官黛娜·莫托拉·贾波斯卡盛赞杰克逊使新泽西州成为“应对全球变暖的领袖”。与此同时，也有一些团体批评杰克逊在清理有毒废弃物场所方面取得的进展不够。这个月，她成为了新泽西州州长乔恩·科赞的参谋长。如果得到参议院的确认，46岁的杰克逊将成为美国第一位非裔环保署署长。
Passage Two(总题数：5，分数：0.00)
. In the push to cut the amount of carbon we release into the atmosphere, solutions usually focus on how to reduce our power use or how to replace our carbon fuels with renewable sources.
But even in the most optimistic situation, we will be using fossil fuels such as
coal for years to come. China and India aren't going to suddenly shut down all their new coal power plants, nor will Western industrial giants close their factories overnight. Solar and wind may be today's attractive new energy sources, but coal is the fastest-growing fuel in the world, boasting twice the known gas reserves and three times the known oil reserves. \"Coal is here to stay,\" Milton Catelin, head of the World Coal Institute, told the World Future Energy Summit in Abu Dhabi.
That's why governments and industry have recently begun to pay more attention to carbon capture and storage (CCS)—a process that traps CO2 produced by factories and gas or coal power stations and then stores it, usually underground.
The potential impact of CCS is huge. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change says CCS could contribute between 10% and 55% of the accumulative worldwide carbon-reduction effort over the next 90 years.
Though it requires up to 40% more energy to ran a CCS coal power plant than a regular coal plant, CCS could potentially capture about 90% of all the carbon emitted by the plant. To solve the problem of climate change, we \"need to use every option we can,\" says Nick Otter, head of the newly created Global Carbon Capture and Storage Institute (GCCSI) in Australia. \"And we've got to have some realism to the approach.\"
Like most technologies, CCS was developed as a way to make money. Oil companies started injecting CO2 into underground oil-bearing rock layers in the U.S. in the 1970s. The technique—known as enhanced oil recovery—allowed them to extract up to two-thirds more oil than by simply pumping the fuel to the surface.
The first country to store CO2 underground deliberately to keep it out of the atmosphere was Norway. When the government there introduced a carbon tax in the early 1990s, energy giant Statoil began capturing the CO2 from its Sleipner natural-gas platform in the North Sea and pumping it into a saline-filled (充满盐溶液的) sandstone layer under the seabed. Since 1996, the operation has cut Norway's CO2 emissions by almost a million tons a year, or about 3% of the country's 1990 CO2 emissions. Other projects have followed, including one on the U.S.-Canada border that has been pumping CO2 from a coal plant into an oil reservoir (储藏) for the past decade.
1. The passage mainly focuses on discussing ______.（分数：71.00） A.a new source to replace carbon fuel B.the problems on using fossil fuels
C.a new way to deal with carbon release √ D.the impact of CO2 on the atmosphere 解析： 全文。
第1～2段指出煤炭等矿物燃料仍将广泛使用的趋势。基于这个事实，第3段第1句提出了减少大气中碳含量的方法：碳捕获和储存(CCS)。接下来的段落都围绕这个话题，可见本文主要是介绍CCS这一用于处理碳排放的新技术，选C。
其他选项都是原文某个段落或细节提到的内容，不能概括全文主题，因此均不正确。
[参考译文]
在努力减少排放到大气中的碳含量方面，我们所提出的解决方案通常集中
在如何减少用电量或者如何用可再生能源取代碳燃料。
但即使在最乐观的情况下，几年之后，我们还是会使用像煤炭这样的矿物燃料。中国和印度并不会突然关闭其所有新煤电厂，西方工业巨头也不会在一夜之间关闭他们的工厂。太阳能和风能可能在今天是富有吸引力的新能源，但煤炭是世界上增长最快的燃料，占已探知的天然气储量的两倍，是已探明的石油储量的3倍。“煤炭还是要继续用下去的，”世界煤炭协会主席米尔顿-卡特林在阿布扎比举行的世界未来能源峰会上这样说道。
这就是为什么政府和工业界最近开始更加关注碳捕获和储存(CCS)——一个从工厂和燃气电厂或燃煤电厂排放的气体中捕获二氧化碳，并将其存储(通常储存于地下)的过程。
CCS有着巨大的潜在影响。政府间气候变化专门委员会称在未来90年，CCS会占全世界范围内碳还原总量的10%至55%。
虽然经营一个CCS燃煤电厂比普通的燃煤电厂需要多用40%的能源，但CCS可以捕获工厂排放的90%的二氧化碳。为解决气候变化问题，我们“需要使用我们可以用的每一个方案”，在澳大利亚新设立的全球碳捕获和存储研究所(GCCSI)负责人尼克·奥特尔说，“而且我们要将这些方法付诸现实。”
像大多数的技术一样，CCS已发展成为一个赚钱的方法。在20世纪70年代，美国的石油公司开始把二氧化碳注入地下的含油岩层。这项被誉为可以提高原油采收率的技术使他们提取的石油比只是简单地将石油抽出地面提取多了2/3。
第一个把二氧化碳有意储存在地下使其不致污染大气层的国家是挪威。在90年代初政府起征碳税时，能源巨头挪威国家石油公司开始捕捉其在北海的斯雷普纳天然气田的二氧化碳并将其注入到海床下面充满盐溶液的砂岩层。自1996年以来，这项行动每年削减了挪威近100万吨的二氧化碳排放量，相当于挪威1990年二氧化碳排放量的3%。在此之后还出现了其他一些方案，其中包括过去10年里在美加边境从燃煤电厂捕获二氧化碳注入到油层中的做法。
Part Ⅳ Translation(总题数：1，分数：0.00)
1. 近来中国的许多城市被灰霾(smog)笼罩，这种灰霾天气导致了交通瘫痪(cripple)、航班延迟及其他许多问题。引起灰霾天气的原因有很多，最主要的原因是空气质量的恶化。随着城市人口增长和工业的发展，机动车辆猛增，污染物大量增加，直接导致了空气能见度降低。相关数据显示，能见度降低使交通事故频发。此外，灰霾会对人们的身体健康造成极大危害，最近几年患呼吸系统疾病(respiratory disease)的人数已经猛增。因此，减少污染源和削减大气污染物是解决雾霾的根本之道。
（分数：106.50）
__________________________________________________________________________________________
正确答案：(Recently many cities in China are shrouded by smog and the smoggy weather has caused the crippled traffic, flight delays and many other problems. There are multiple factors contributing to the smoggy weather, the most important of which is the deterioration of air quality. With the growth of urban population and the development of industry, motor vehicles surge and the amount of pollutants increases massively in large cities, which directly reduces air visibility. Relevant statistics reveal that the visibility reduction leads to frequent traffic accidents. In addiction, smog can do great harm to people's health and the number of people who
suffer from respiratory diseases has increased dramatically in recent years. Thus, the fundamental way to tackle smog is to decrease pollution sources and reduce air pollutants.)
解析： 1．第1句由两个分句组成，可译为两个并列句，用连词and连接。第二个分句的谓语动词是“导致”，因此“交通瘫痪、航班延迟”应转译为名词，即the crippled traffic和flight delays。
2．第2句的两个分句都出现了“原因”，可考虑将笫二个分句“最主要的原因是……”泽成定语从句，即the most important of which is...，使表达更简洁。
3．第3句中的“机动车辆猛增”和“污染物大量增加”可译为两个并列句。“直接导致了空气能见度降低”可用which引导的定语从句来表达，也可译成现在分词短句，作结果状语，即leading to the reduction of visibility。
4．倒数第2句可拆译为两句，一句说灰霾天气对健康的影响，一句说患呼吸道疾病的人数猛增。第二分句中的“人数”的定语“患呼吸系统疾病的”较长，可处理为定语从句。
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