ENGLISH ON CAMPUS
基础教育研究
初中英语写作能力的训练
文/林瑞华
【摘要】本文结合笔者近些年来的课堂写作教学实践,探寻初中英语教学的有效途径,旨在摸索出一条符合初中生【关键词】有效途径;短句训练;扩句训练;句型训练【作者简介】林瑞华,福建省永安市第三中学。
(2)我有一本故事书。杰克拥有三本故事书。我们喜欢打篮通过这样的短句训练,让学生发现英语中动词的第三人称单2.扩句训练(一般现在时)。
交际需求和认知发展水平的写作教学模式。
一、初中英语课堂的现状
与能力为目标展开各项教学活动。但是,公开课常常上演“活动秀”,看似热闹的,全体参与的课堂在落实到笔头测试的时候,则是另一番景象。这样的课堂过度侧重听说活动。常此以往,学生的读写能力得不到有效训练,很难跟上初二、初三的学习;学生的写作水平更是难以提高。学生的听、说、读、写英语技能缺一不可。在当前,教师更应当重视对学生写作的培养。
笔者认为成功的英语课堂应该以追求学生获得既定的知识球。他们喜欢踢足球。
数变化以及有两个动词相连时,应该如何变化。接下来,老师要做的事就是适当的扩展句子的长度,但不要加入定语。
(1)我们喜欢在学校打篮球。那些男孩喜欢和老师们一起踢足通过这样的长句训练,让学生发现英语中多出来的无非是有
二、写作能力弱化的原因
球。他的爷爷经常早上散步。这些学生很少乘坐公共汽车去上学。如何将这样的东西找出来并安放在适当的位置。孩喜欢和学校的老师们一起踢足球。
的学生会有抵触情绪,老师改起学生的作文也是一件痛苦的事。学生的语病较多,看见哭笑不得的“中式英语”,老师往往要重新为他写过。事实上,英语写作在初中阶段的要求并不高,所写的内容只要用到简单的词汇与句型,并进行必要的连接即可。老师一般会对作文的写作提出一些要求,并给学生一些参考词汇,布置学生回家写。但简单的要求并不能给学生带来指导,许多学生会觉得无话可说。如何将自己要说的话用英语表达出来,是学生写作时最大的困惑,也是急需解决的问题。面对全班批改后的习作往往无法全面点评,老师一般选其中较好的文章进行简评。简评后,再遇到类似的文章,学生的问题仍然存在。学生觉得作文难写,老师觉得作文难教。究其原因是学生在英语写作过程中,往往会受到汉语思维的影响,在语序上颠来倒去;加上英语中大量的词汇、繁杂的规则、多变的时态会给学习者带来很多的障碍。所以,我们应该明白写作是一个人积累词汇、运用规则、克服语言习惯的过程,需要很长的一段时间。
很大的差异,即使是较勤奋常背诵课文的学生写出句子也不尽人意。如果老师能在句子的语序上对学生加以指导,让学生获得写句的规律并在写作时加以运用,就会少走很多弯路。当然,英语与汉语也存在一些共性,能发现它们,也能起到事半功倍的效果。2.忽视英语与母语的异同点。英语在语序上与汉语的表达存在1.追求“立竿见影”的教学效果。一说英语写作课,大多数关时间、地点、频率这样的一些词,老师的目的就是要教会学生
(2)那些高个男孩喜欢和老师们一起踢足球。八年级的那些男通过这样的长句训练,让学生发现英语中的定语应该如何安
排。教会学生单个的形容词作定语与词组作定语,在英语中有两种不同的处理。由于受母语思维的影响,一开始,学生很容易将短语类的定语位置写在被修饰词的前面。在训练写此类句子的过程中,要留意收集学生带有典型性的错误作为讲评课材料。教师将写得好的习作在课堂上投影,或朗读给学生听,给予鼓励,提高学生的积极性。
学生能写出肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句的各种句式,如果只从作文的角度训练肯定句、否定句显然是不够的。首先要让学生储备相关的特殊疑问词,助动词的知识,其次让学生学会用不同的助动词拆分动词的原形、动词过去式或动词的第三人称单数。
句型,有着它固定的形式。在教授这样的知识时,要从英汉两方面找结合点。如“不仅……而且”、“越……越”、“或者……练习。
或者”等。笔者根据教材这一方面的能力要求,设计了以下一些于我们来说,学好英语很重要。去年我不仅去过北京而且也去过上海。桌子上有一本书与三把笔。上课的时间到了。外面天气很热,为什么不和我们去公园散步呢?你最好让老师知道这件事。我们一到农场,就看到了许多红苹果。生认清变化的来龙去脉。
是由一些普通的句子经过一定的变化得来,老师的任务是要让学通句式与特殊句式的基础上,可以有意识地安排学生写一些语
5.掌握并列句及一些主从句的使用。在学生已经熟练掌握普通过这样的固定句型训练,让学生发现英语中这样的句子也看!多么漂亮的一只风筝啊!风筝越大,价格越(贵)/高。对4.利用固定句型进行训练。初中英语中有一些句子属于固定3.句式变换训练。结合省英语中考的题型,情景交际题要求
三、提高英语句子写作的训练方法
练习。学生在这一时期所需的时间较多。教师要耐心地为学生设计一些典型的例句,让学生感受到两种语言的异同点。以下是笔者在长期的实践中常用的一些方法。
1.短句训练(一般现在时)。
(1)我是一名教师。他们是新来的学生。我来自中国。他们来通过这样的短句训练,让学生发现英语需要在主系表的结构
这一环节的训练包括短句训练与长句训练及常见的句式变换
自美国。我的妹妹很漂亮。他们的鞋子很大。
中添加“是”,而汉语的表达只在有名词的情况下出现“是”。在做翻译练习的时候只要明白了这点,学生才会添加。
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基础教育研究
ENGLISH ON CAMPUS
2018年30期总第418期
Why Do Young EFL Learners Find Speaking Difficulties?文/ Rong Xie
school of Guizhou province in China. It also intends to find out the potential factors that contribute to the existence
【Abstract】This study attempts to discover what speaking difficulties are encountered by pupils in primary
of these difficulties. The results have been obtained in detail via the first-hand sources derived from the in-depth to participate, etc. Additionally, There are following several aspects that contribute to the existence of these speaking
classroom observation and the analysis of curriculum/assessment materials. The findings revealed that the main obstacles and dilemmas, such as, reticence, mother tongue use, linguistic competence, teachers’ intolerance of us to reflect our own teaching approaches, the design of curriculum and assessment materials/tools to realize the reasons why young learners in primary school find it difficult to speak English in real life.
【Key words】Young learners; speaking; English
【作者简介】Rong Xie, Tongren Preschool Education College.1. Introduction
With the rapid development of economy, trade and
speaking difficulties encountered by young learners in China are pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, unwillingness silence, conversational context, curriculum, syllabus and assessment materials, etc. The findings of this study can help
vocabulary and structures they needed. Caused them to fluently and accurately in what they said. Even in the most words, etc. Consequently, part of the learners try to eliminate a problem by changing the topic or switching to the mother tongue to appear (I don’t like to say..., it’s boring...), lead them unwilling to participate in conversation.
are encountered by pupils in primary school of Guizhou factors that contribute to the existence of these difficulties. The
This study attempts to discover what speaking difficulties of time, probably they do not know how to pronounce the
tourism, foreign language has been continuously expanded and developed throughout the world. English has become a
stutter or hesitate in the process of speaking, presented not
compulsory course of primary school from Grade 3 in China regarded as one of the most important skills among the four
since in 2001. Ur (1996) argued that speaking seems to be skills (speaking, listening, reading and writing). The Ministry of Education (2011) stipulated that teaching English to young learners should be mainly cultivate learners to gain necessary skills refer to speaking and listening to communicate in life, a significant role in teaching English to young learners.
Although speaking is regarded as the primary language with little focus on literacy skill. Obviously, speaking skills play skill that young learners should be improved. It is widely noticed that they confront numerous difficulties and dilemmas of my own class, I saw examples of learners trying to express 篇。为了学生能写出一些丰富、连贯的句式,引导他们掌握并列句及一些主从句的使用。们取得了很大的进步。
趣,我们都很喜欢听他的课。课后他经常帮助我们学习英语。我always lovely and interesting. We all like his classes. After class, he often helps us with our English. We have made great progress.起来乏味。
句子使用的都是简单句,虽没语病,但句子之间关系松散读较好表达:Mr. Li has taught us for three years. He always 一般表达:Mr. Li has taught us for three years. His class is 如:李老师已经教我们三年的英语了。他的课上得很生动有in the process of speaking. In the past, through the observation what they wanted to say, but owing to lack of grammar, province in China. It also intends to find out the potential findings of this study can help me to reflect my own teaching approaches, the design of curriculum and assessment primary school find it difficult to speak English in real life.
2. FindingsLearnersmaterials/tools to realize the reasons why young learners in
2.1 The Main Speaking Difficulties Encountered by Young
progress in English.流畅。
有效地使用了一两个复合句,形成一个有机的整体,读起来总之,英文写作是一个长期的训练过程。培养学生的写作能
力不可能一蹴而就。教师应为各自的学生寻找有效的方法,进行长期的有目的、有计划、有要求的、有检查、有反馈地训练,坚持由易到难,使学生在写的过程中收获成功的喜悦。只要充分重视,认真训练,就一定会有所成效。
参考文献:
makes his class so lovely and interesting that we all like him until we understand them. With his help, we have made great
[1]姜培信.分析英语书面表达错误 探讨书面表达教学[J].中小学英语教学与研究,2008(7).
[2]杨利娴.仿写——中学英语写作训练的重要方法[J].中小学英语教学与研究,2009(4).
and his classes. He often explains the difficulties to us patiently
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