1. 名词后缀
2. 1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物:worker, debtor,hostess,
3. 2)-acy, 表示“性质,状态,境遇” democracy, accuracy, diplomacy
4. 3)-ance, -ence表示“性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度” importance, diligence, difference, obedience
5. 4)-ancy, -ency, 表示“性质,状态,行为,过程” frequency, urgency, efficiency,
6. 5)-bility, 表示“动作,性质,状态” possibility, flexibility, feasibility,
7. 6)-dom, 表示“等级,领域,状态” freedom, kingdom, wisdom
8. 7)-hood, 表示\"资格,身份, 年纪,状态\" childhood, manhood, brotherhood, neighborhood,
9. 8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示“行为的过程,结果,状况” action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction
10. 9)-ism, 表示“制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为” socialism, criticism, , heroism
11. 10)-ity, 表示“性质,状态,程度” purity, reality, ability
12. 11)-ment, 表示“行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果” treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument
13. 12)-ness, 表示“性质,状态,程度” goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness
14. 13)-ship, 表示“情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” hardship, membership, friendship
15. 14)-th, 表示“动作,性质,过程,状态” depth, wealth, truth, length, growth
16. 15)-tude, 表示“性质,状态,程度” latitude, altitude(海拔)
17. 16)-ure, 表示“行为,结果” exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续),
18. 17-grapy, 表示“……学,写法” biography, calligraphy, geography
19. 18)-ic, ics, 表示“……学……法” logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics
20. 19)-ology, 表示“……学……论”biology, zoology, technology (工艺学)
21. 20)-nomy, 表示“……学……术” astronomy, economy, bionomy (生态学)
2. 形容词后缀
(1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义
1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible
2) -ish, foolish, bookish, selfish (注意accomplish, vanish是动词)
3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive
4)-like, manlike, childlike
5) -ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly
6)-some, troublesome, handsome
7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful
8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various
9)-ent, violent
10)-most, foremost, topmost 顶端的
11)-al natural national
11)less, 表示否定,countless, stainless, wireless
3.动词后缀
1)-ize, ise, 表示“做成,变成,……化”modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize 使系统化
2)-en, 表示“使成为,引起,使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden
3)-fy, 表示“使……化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify
4)-ish, 表示“使,令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish
5)-ate, 表示“成为……,处理,作用” separate, operate, indicate
4. 副词后缀
(形容词)-ly:bad→badly坏地/恶劣地,careful→carefully小心地
-wise:clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地);like→likewise同样地
-wards:out→outwards向外面地,north→northwards向北方地
5. 否定前缀
dis-主要加在名词、形容词,动词之前,dis-为否定前缀的词有:disadvantage缺点、
dishonorable不光彩的、disagree不同意,dislike,
in-常加在形容词,名词之前,如incorrect不正确的、inability无能 无力、inaccurate
不准确的等;
im-加在字母m,b,p之前,这样的词有impossible不顺能的、impolite不礼貌的 il-主要加在以1开头的单词的前边,比如:illegal非法的、illiterate文盲的 没有文
化的、illogical不合逻辑的;
ir-放在以r开头的英语单词前面,比如:irregular不稳定的、irresistable不可抵抗
的、irresolvable不能分解的 不能解决的;
un-主要放于名词,形容词,副词前面,常见的例子有unfinished未完成的、
undoubted无疑的、unemployment失业;unfriendly
non-加在形容词、名词前,这样以non-为否定前缀的词有non-existence不存在;
non-smoking 禁止吸烟的
而mis-加在动词、名词前,例词misunderstand误解、misjudge误判、misleading误导、misfortune不幸;
dis-加在动词之前,例词有disappear消失、disarm解除武装、disconnect失去联
系;disagree 不同意, disappear,discover
anti-加在名词、形容词前边。最常见的是anti-Japanese抗日战争、anti-social厌恶
社会的 反社--会的, anti-black
Word formation:
Affix: prefix(改变词意)+suffix(改变词性)
Prefix+root(词根)+suffix: independence
Compound Word(词性取决于后一个词):
Infoglut
Brunch: breakfast+lunch
Motel: motor+hotel
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