Unit 1, Book 4 Fighting with the Forces of Nature
Vocabulary P15
I. 1. 1) alliance 2) heroic 3) stroke 4) limp 5) minus
6) regions 7) declarations 8) siege 9) raw 10) retreat
11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of 13) campaign 14) at the cost of 15) has been brought to a halt P16
2. 1) is faced with 2) get bogged down 3) is pressing on/ pressed on 4) drag on 5) picking up 6) falling apart 7) cut back 8) take over P17
4. 1) the occupation of , retreat to, regions
2) crucial, efficient, to reckon with, weaken, be brought to a halt 3) a heroic, the decisive, turned the tide , siege, by launching
Comprehensive Exercises P21 I. Cloze (A) 1. invasion 2. stand in the way 3. Conquest 4. catching… off his guard
5. launching 6. declaration 7. campaign 8. drag on 9. reckon with 10. die from 11. bring … to a halt P22 II. Translation
The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/ fierce/ stiff resistance. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.
Unit 2 , Book 4 Smart Cars
Vocabulary P46
I. 1. 1) expansion 2) manufacturing 3) vapor 4) take control of 5) hazards
6) satellite 7) convert 8) magnetic 9) bunched 10) in the air
11) got/was stuck in 12) approximately 13) application 14) monotonous 15) mounted
P47
2. 1) send out 2) stand up for 3) result from 4) making up for 5) starting up 6) play up 7) give up 8) take on
P49
4. 1) in/into pollution , had become a reality, Presently, are poised to 2) that vibrate, frequency
3) lanes, are presently, highway, mounted, alert, hazard
II. Word formation P50
Kilogram medical care Memorandum electronic mail Gymnasium communications satellite Liberation news broadcast Doctor automatic pilot Veterinarian European dollar Preparatory breakfast lunch Automobile television broadcast Comprehensive Exercises P63
I. Cloze A
1. alert 2. hazards 3. highway 4. start 5. take control of 6. lane 7. decrease 8. get stuck in 9. monotonous 10. eliminate 11. convert 12. mounted
P54
II. Translation
Automobiles changed the world during the 20th century, particularly in the United states and other industrialized nations. They are indeed of great use to us, but they have brought some hazards as well, such as noise and air pollution, and highway fatalities. It is reported that automobile accidents rang among the leading causes of death and injury throughout the world. Fortunately modern innovators are reinventing the automobile. New propulsion systems, fuels, designs, and means of manufacturing cars have all developed rapidly in the past decade. For example , by using the satellite-aided Global Positioning System (GPS), a computer in the automobile can locate the vehicle’s precise position, and with the application of sensors, smart cars can eliminate most car accidents.
Unit 3, Book 4 Job Interview
Vocabulary I. P84
1. 1) generously 2) physically 3) structure 4) partition 5) blurted out
6) chuckling 7) pried 8) prospective 9) jet 10) sparkled
11) took a crack at 12) partner 13) made a (big) difference 14) beyond his wildest dream 15) employment P85
2 1) go after 2) look back on/ at 3) be put up 4) count on 5) was handed down 6) follow up 7) bring about 8) broke into P87
4. 1) will interview, applicants, the prospective 2) endeavor to, the deadline, go after
3) as the saying goes, bracket, have a crack at
Comprehensive Exercises P92 I. Cloze (A) 1. prospective 2. interview 3. As I see it 4. done your
homework
5. endeavor 6. structure 7. take a crack 8. from the standpoint
9. employment 10. deadline 11. make a difference 12. follow up (B) 1. matter 2. to 3. not 4. possible 5. can 6. interview 7. ask 8. copies 9. If 10. preparing 11. what 12. kinds 13. take 14. Prior 15. whether 16. fit P93 II. Translation
Well begun is half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a difference in his chance of success.
I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100,000 dollars a year in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don’t have much of a chance of success.
Unit 4， Book 4 The Multicultural Society
Vocabulary
I. 1. 1) plural 2) debt 3) thesis 4) inevitably 5) historical
6) precedent 7) constructive 8) destructive 9) ethnic 10) combination
11) stagnant 12) destiny 13) discourage 14) from the perspective of 15) in the (medical) sense 2. 1) leave behind 2) show up 3) go over 4) knock off
5) Leave (them) alone 6) fading away 7) took in 8) keep up with 3. 1) … is essential for infection in the hospital to be kept effectively under control. 2)… had a sense that their country was at the center of the world and so called it
“the Middle Kingdom”.
3)… network of mentors, women and men, has helped me at various stages in my career. 4) … to have/ develop a conception of ourselves in the universe not as the master
species but as the servant species: as the one being given responsibility for the whole and for the good of the whole. 4. 1) in decline, mentality, paralyzing the
2) the characteristics , an immigrant, unbelievable 3) a religion, cooperation with, submerge
II. Confusable Words 1. like/ as 2. as 3. like 4. like/ as 5. as/ like 6. as 7. like 8. as Structure
2. 1) his determination to realize his ideals. 2) a desire to follow in his footsteps. 3) reached a decision to walk back.
4) failure to properly educate its children. Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze
(A) 1. on the decline 2. historical 3. for the first time 4. mentality 5. essential 6. discouraged 7. destiny 8. immigrants 9. ethnic 10. combination II. Translation
Professor Huntington’s paper greatly inspired me. According to him, in a plural / pluralistic society, there will inevitably be different opinions. The key is to deal with them in such a way that they can play a constructive rather that destructive role.
He argues that in a plural/ pluralistic society we must stress /attach importance to interpersonal relationships, cooperation, and looking at issues from the perspective of other people. If some groups regard themselves as superior and treat other ethnic groups or religions with disrespect, the whole society may be paralyzed.
I am convinced that if we put into practice the ideas mentioned above, then there is the possibility of creating a new civilization.
Unit 5， Book 4 Cruelty
Vocabulary
I. 1. 1)In a way 2)clapping 3)elderly 4) in accordance with 5)vacancy 6)funks 7)current 8)in good condition 9) transparent 10)rub 11)spicy 12)hitherto 13)committed 14) with a very bad grace 15) instinct 2. 1) turned up 2) stuck to 3)brought back 4) settled down
5)driving at 6)away 7)touch on/upon 8)bear…out
3. 1)She has a very weak constitution—she may not be able to survive the operation. 2)I was taken aback by the insurance company’s rejection of my claim.
3)It was something of a surprise when we ran into each other in a place like that. 4)…needs trimming /to be timmed—it’s getting too long. 5)…are often deceptive
4. 1)Oddly enough/went broke/wrinkled/had gone all to pieces 2)a definite/evidently/was a trifle 3)shaving/stroking his/sipping II. Usage
1.Except for 2.except that 3. except 4. except when
5.except to 6. except that 7. except where 8.except that Structure
1. 1)He’ll accept the job unless the salary’s too low. 2)Unless she comes soon, I’m going without her. 3)Milk quickly turns sour unless it’s refrigerated.
4)Unless we are told to stop, we will carry on selling the furniture. 2.1) If you happen to pass a baker’s
2)it happened that no one was in the house.
3)Peter happened to be speaking to me about his would-be-mother-in-law/It happened that Peter was speaking to be about his would-be-mother-in-law. Comprehensive Exercises II. Cloze
A 1.insane 2.committeed 3.current 4.was taken aback 5.in good condition 6.constitution 7. go all to pieces 8.gone broke 9.vacancy 10. mild 11.funk 12. deceptive
B 1. range 2. to 3. called 4. Although 5. as 6. rural 7. below
8. understanding 9. suffer 10. but 11. other 12. it 13. emotional 14. no 15. from 16. into 17. at 18. reduce 19. basis 20. about/of II. Translation
For my own part, I should certainly hestitate to hire a clerk on his face /appearance alone. Appearances are all to often deceptive. For instance, you might well commit an error in judgment if you went by appearances only with people like Edward Hyde Burton, the characeter created by Maugham. As far as appearance and manners were concerned, Burton seemed a man all of a piece. He was a tiny little fellow with white hair and mild blue eyes. Kind, gentle and candid, he was described by many as one of the most respectable people on earth. Nevertheless, he turned out to be cruel to a friend in need of his help. He insulted and fooled Turner who was down and out and made him commit himself to an insane venture. What was still more surprising was that he was completely indifferent to Turner’s dealth. Without doubt, Burton was a man with a heart of stone.
Unit 6， Book 4 The Pace of Life
Vocabulary
I. 1. 1)appliance 2)comparative 3)mutlitply 4)oblige 5)prosperity 6)in reality 7)aircraft 8)volunteers 9) a handful of
10)distribution 11)famine 12)large quantities of / a large quantity of 13)widespread 14)streamline 15)provoke
2. 1)take back 2)cling to 3)stand out/stood out 4)set aside
5)set about 6)switch off 7)amount to 8)poured in
3. 1)…is forecast to be below average next year, which at the moment is 4 percent. 2)…seems to be some confusion over who is actually giving the talk as both men
are speaking to the audience.
3)…to enter the building and find the baby girl proved futile as rescuers were driven out by the heat and flames. 4)…was urged to diver some of its attention from controlling production and get
more involved with demanding issues.
5)…can really eat heavily into your profits when you are selling suits at ￡900
and dresses at￡2,000.
4. 1)forum/growth/domestic market / a shortage of 2)an abundance of /springing up / the frontiers
3)a burden/are always on the go /seem forever on the go/to cope II. Confusable Words
1. 1)nervousness 2).tension 3).stress/tension 4).tension
2. 1).honorary 2).Honorable 3).honorable 4).honorary 5). honorable 6). Honorary III. Usage
1. Dealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter. Is it sensible, we may ask, to spend large sums of money to save some species--be it an elephant or an orchid--in a nation in which a large proportion of the population is living below the poverty line? 2. This new technology could be used anywhere large numbers of people need to be quickly screened--at airport, train stations, bus terminals or border crossings. However, experts suspect, there is also the risk that people will learn to fool the machine the same way they try to fool polygraph reading by controlling their breath or taking drugs to relax themselves.
3. With a high percentage of marriages ending in divorce, often due to financial difficulties, you would say that money is a big factor in making a good marriage. But, believe it or not, it isn't money that ensures you a happy marriage; it is your philosophy of life that does.
4. Not all the risks on the Internet are sexual, you know. Sites promoting violence are just a click away, and may include instructions for making bombs and other destructive devices. 5. Structure
1. 1)Philosophical essays and translations apart 2) Interest in computer science apart 3) Handsome reward apart 4) Good looks apart
2.1) of 2)about 3) through in 4)from onto Comprehensive Exercises III. Cloze
A 1. switch off 2.obliged 3.on the go 4. stress
5.cope 6. shortage 7 . Wide-spread 8. large quantity of 9. pouring in 10.a handful of 11. fraction 12.futile
B 1. to 2.else's 3. in 4. because 5.where 6. how 7. among 8. everything/all 9. That 10.schedule/allot 11. sticking 12.where/what 13.once/when 14.doesn't 15.the 16. in 17.all 18.effectively
II. Translation
There is no question that today we are under constant pressure to work longer hours, to produce more, to possess more, and to become a success. Workaholism, a modern addiction, has thus arisen. The cause of workaholism is the perception that by working longer hours and completing more projects, we will enhance our self-worth. Many women today feel the same stress to produce and get ahead and, at the same time, to nurture their offspring and shoulder a variety of domestic responsibilities.
Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families. It forces us to labour longer and longer hours, leaving a minute fraction of time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones. Intimacy among family members is doomed to die in the process.
Unit 7， Book 4 Terrorism
Vocabulary
I. 1. 1)faxed 2)boom 3)jogs 4)contending 5) span 6)hiking 7) pertinent 8)adolescents 9)tags 10)weaves 11)all of a sudden 12) statistical 13)string 14)disapproving 15)recurs
2. 1)has backed up 2)went off 3)is held up 4) settle for
5)be laid up 6)strike out 7) reflect on/upon 8)applied for 3. 1)...mortality rate is very high in the poorest rural areas of Africa. 2) ....we can fix it by ourselves for nothing
3)...unusual that John was among the few who arrived early at yesterday's party, for which he was praised by the hostess. 4)...a lot of maintenance whatever the cost. 5) ...(was)enveloped in thick fog.
4. 1)pondered for/to fax/the statistical/to back up 2)much imagination/weave /and unusual
3)maintenance/for nothing from II. Collocation
1.a little of 2. a few/a few of the 3. much 4 .few
5. many 6. many of/most of 7. much of 8. little III. Usage
1. All I did was fax her the paper so as to let her decide what to do.
2. What you need to do is write a follow-up letter after the interview to indicate your eagerness to join the company.
3. \"All you ever want to do is go shopping,\" Tim shouted at his wife. 4. All I did was touch the window , and it broke.
5. What the publisher did was cash in on the chance to promote his new textbooks.
6. What we'll do is leave a note for Bob to tell him we'll be back in time for the dinner party.
Structure
1. 1)\"You seem to like smoking a pipe, don't you? Did you use to like it before?\" asked Phil.
2)Life here is much easier than it used to be.
3)We used to be able to walk around the town at night without fear of being mugged. But now no one dares to go out after dark.
4) You don't come and see us as often as you used to.
2. 1)It seems they don't care whether the deal is profitable or not. 2)She doesn't care who teaches so long as he/she teaches well. 3)Don't fuss about it. No one cares how you dress.
4)Most people don't seem to care when/where the conference will be held.
Comprehensive Exercises IV. Cloze
A 1.reflect on 2.span 3.fax 4.imagination 5.boom 6.statistical 7 .back up 8.contends 9.recurring 10.send in 11. weave
B 1.told 2.of 3.What 4.on 5.think 6.But 7.When 8.also 9.declares 10.itself 11.what 12.will 13.not 14.What 15.war 16.cannot 17.every 18.But 19.ways 20.than II. Translation
A severe earthquake occurred all of a sudden at 10 a.m. Yesterday in a rural area, about 200 kilometers east of the city. Initial reports coming out of the region indicate the earthquake has caused widespread devastations/damage and heavy casualties. Many adolescents were among those injured or killed. Yet it remains obscure exactly how many people were hurt and killed as the area has been enveloped in rubble. However, one thing is certain: many of the survivors may face years of pain and suffering. Local people were clearly shaken by this reminder of their mortality. Some religious ones have gathered to pray that it will never recur.
Unit 8.， Book 4 Travel
Vocabulary
I. 1. 1)heap 2) was smeared 3) in detail 4)dissolve 5)loosed 6) slapped 7) hollows 8)tangle 9)lay/get her hands on
10)darted 11)thrashing 12)hop 13)in flocks 14)illuming 15)opaque 2. 1)take...apart 2)take up 3)rests on 4)subscribe to
5)have called for 6)came through 7)breaks down 8)runs out of 3. 1)...was dying to see the movie based on it. 2)...to the 20th floor of our office building can mute all sound. That's why street
noises do not penetrate there.
3)...the spokeswoman's beauty and elegance/the beautiful and elegant spokeswoman, the crowd hushed. 4)...slumped into an armchair, feeling completely exhausted. 5)...was reputed to be the wittiest woman of her time. 4. 1)swarmed to/the spectacular/paddled
2)live in the heart of/out of the range of/trailing/gliding
3)Now/now/clattered/strips/on the fringe II. Confusable Words 1.
1)worth 2)worthy 3) worthwhile 4) worth 5)worth 6)worthwhile 2.
1)lone 2)alone 3)alone 4)lonely 5)lonely 6)alone
III. Usage
1)ice cream 2)teas 3)wines 4)cloth 5)soap 6)beer 7)fuels 8)soils 9)sugars 10)grass
Structure
1. 1)...get/start his program going without strong financial support 2)...started/set the audience in the theater laughing heartily as well.
3)have set phones ringing in plastic surgeons' offices across the country. 4)had her getting to her feet and walking out of the room immediately
2.1)wonder that 2)wondered how/why 3)wonder where 4)wondered who/how
Comprehensive Exercises V. Cloze
A 1.trails 2.tangled 3.heart 4.loop 5.slap 6. oars 7 .glides 8.clatter
9.out of sight 10.in flocks 11.swarms 12.spectacular B 1.running/winding 2.trips 3.either 4.by 5.main 6.tributaries 7.prefer 8.foot 9.through 10.If 11.creating 12.While 13.lies 14.where 15.second 16.With 17.including 18.will
II. Translation
Last Wednesday my classmate Caroline and I visited Zhouzhuang, a well-known town looped all around by streams. When we arrived at the town, Caroline was so excited that she darted towards the first bridge she saw and began singing loudly there. Suddenly her voice hushed when she found that she had startled a flock of ducks not too far from us. Now as Caroline was dying for a boat ride, we decided to tour the town by boat. Now loud, now soft, Caroline talked to all the creatures in the stream and was fussing about everything while I looked at the boats gliding over the water in all silence. Though we did not see anything spectacular, we enjoyed every minute in the town that lies out of the range of the heavy traffic and noise of the large city.
Zhouzhuang is worth visiting and, time permitting, I'd like to go there again.
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