I. Vocabulary(20 points)
1. Within days he became paralyzed, and people feared that he might die. But he _________. a. absorbed b. dissolved c. discovered d. recovered 2. Tilden, the other presidential ______, actually received more votes. a. advocate b. candidate c. sponsor d. opponent 3. An Olympic runner wins a _______.
a. medal b. model c. modle d. modest
4. To find out how the bees managed to tell time, an unusual experiment was _______ four years ago.
a. carried on b. carried away c. carried out d. carried out 5. Every society has its own peculiar custom and _____ of acting. a. ways b. behavior c. attitude d. means
6. They ______ their knowledge in the exploding world of ideas. a. modernize b. supply c. update d. upgrade
7. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and ______ in a quiet neighborhood. a. all in all b. above all c. after all d over all
8. It’s difficult to divine what constitutes an ______ tip in any country. a. appropriate b. thoughtful c. considerable d. sufficient
9. Shipbuilders would not _____ their money unless they knew that they could make a profit. a. invest b. invent d. involve d. invite
10. At the end of four years, these six extra hours of each year ____ twenty-four hours, or one full day.
a. add up to b. make up for c. come up with d. put up with 11. Don’t ______ this news to the public until we give you the go-head. a. release b. relieve c. relate d. retain
12. Earth is one of nine planets which ______ around the sun. a. spin b. roll c. rotate d. revolve
13. “No sense in you getting us both killed!” I yelled _____ him. a. at b. with c. to d. out
14. What you have done is ______ doctor’s orders.
a. attached to b. responsible to c. resistant to d. contrary to
15. I want to express the _____ of all of us, for this wonderfully warm welcome. a. appreciation b. enjoyment d. evaluation d. reputation 16. We hire and ______ people mainly for their ability to do business. a. proceed b. progress c. promise d. promote
17. According to government mandate in the Lion City, tipping is not ______. a. admitted b. remitted c. permitted d. emitted
18. The environmental costs were regarded more as temporary inconveniences than as _____ liability.
a. imaginative b. peculiar c. persistent d. original
19. Scientists predict that the world’s known oil resources will _____ early in the next century. a. run off b. run out c. run up d. run over
20. Now a person works for a certain amount of money _____ he can pay for food and clothing. a. in case b. so that c. as to d. such as II. Grammar (20 points)
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21. The basic rock material is referred to ______.
a. as the matrix b. be the matrix c. by scientist to be the matrix d. as being the matrix 22. The oil industry of India ______ two World Wars and withstood the economic, social and political upheavals of a particularly troubled century.
a. survived b. has survived c. was survived to d. has been surviving
23. Although baleen whale may weigh ______ twenty elephants, it feeds on sea plants and animals.
a. so much to b. as much to c. so much as d. as much as
24. Man uses the energy for everything from flying to the moon to ______ about it. a. think b. thought c. thinking d. will think
25. _______ his arms over his head, Lincoln declared he was the “big buck of the lick.” a. Wave b. Waving c. Waved d. Been waved
26. ______ retire are still able to receive pension that they have paid into the social security system during their working days.
a. Most people b. since most people c. Most people are d. Most people who 27. The reward was not always given to everyone, nor _____ to those who deserved it most. a. it was not given b. was given c. it was not given nor d. was not it given
28. Between 1890 and 1970 the monetary costs of supplying energy _____ more or less constant or declined.
a. to stay b. was stayed c. stayed d. has stayed
29. The water ________ Manhattan has been very important to New York. a. surround b. is surrounded c. surrounding d. surrounded
30. The assumption _____ human cloning rests is that all genetic cells contain exact copies of the original set o9f genetic instructions.
a. on which b. on that c. at which d. which
31. For the creatures to become oil, it was necessary that they ______ between layers of rock for an enormous length of time.
a. been imprisoned b. shall be imprison c. should be imprison d. will be imprisoned 32. The gas-oil contact or gas-water contact_____ the lower limit of producible gas. a. is b. are c. were d. has been
33. There is also an interest in sea horse, puffers and other salty types with shapes ____ and colors ____ than even the showiest of fresh-water fish.
a. more strange…more bright b. stranger…. brighter c. stranger… more brighter d. more strange…brighter 34. _______ was a planted sapling of the American redwood tree.
a. There is one of the gifts b. One of the gifts that c. That one of the gifts d. One of the gifts
35. An air ship _______ by energy from the sun has been suggested. a. powering b. to power c. is powered d. powered 36. Most scientists agree _______ was hot for at least a time. a. some of the moon that b. some of the moon it c. that some of the moon d. while some of the moon
37. A group of scientists demanded that the federal government ____ all the studies it has founded on cloning.
a. reveal b. revealed c. is revealing d. must reveal
38. _______ hearing is really produced in all animals by the effect of pressure is not definitely
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known by scientists.
a. If or not b. Whether or not c. have never heard of d. had never heard of 39. It was something we ________.
a. never hear of b. have never heard of c. never heard of d. had never heard of 40. “Could I borrow your bike?” “Yes, you_________”.
a. can b. could c. may d. would III. Reading comprehension (30 points) Question 41-44
Saudi Arabia, OPEC’s cautious giant, understands all this. When Bill Clinton met Saudi Arabia’s Crown Prince Abdullah this week, Mr. Clinton argued for an output rise big enough to put an end to these painful prices. Prince Abdullah has promised to “make every effort to ensure equilibrium in the oil markets and to stabilise prices.” This week he revealed that Saudi Arabia has been quietly leaking an extra 600,000 barrels per day (bpd) on to the market since July in an effort to cool prices.
.If that is true, it just goes to show that managing the oil markets is easier said than done. Despite several Saudi-inspired output increases by the cartel in recent months, the price has remained stubbornly high; this week, it soared to nearly $35 a barrel, the highest since theGulf war in 1990. As the cartel’s oil ministers gather in Vienna on September 10th to hammer out new production quotas, they are once again under intense pressure to release more oil, and fast.
To hear OPEC members talk, you might think that serious price relief is on the way. There is discussion of “managing” prices down through a newish price mechanism. At the cartel’s meeting in March, ministers quietly agreed a grand new plan to keep oil within a target band of $22-28 a barrel. If the price of a basket of seven OPEC crudes stays below $22 for 20 trading days, the cartel is supposed to cut production by 500,000 barrels a 0ay. If it stays above $28 for 20 trading days, it will automatically raise production by the same amount. This price band has become the main topic of discussion in advance of the upcoming gathering of ministers. Prince Abdullah even talks of a return to a stable market within months.
Oil traders and analysts note that the 20-day limit looks likely to be triggered again this week. A new report by Lehman Brothers, an investment bank, echoes the view of many: “Our expectation is that production will be increased by 500,000 bpd, either through the price mechanism or through a separate agreement.” When it released new figures suggesting that domestic oil-stock levels are lower than previously thought, the American government’s Energy Information Administration added that it too expects an increase of that size. Adding support to this theory are mumblings from OPEC delegates in support of the mechanism.
Two decades ago, in the year of the cartel’s 20th birthday celeb rations, ministers gathered in Indonesia to hammer out details of a clever new scheme: a mechanism whereby the price of oil would be fixed, and adjusted every quarter automatically for such factors as inflation and currency fluctuations. Members had agreed on the ambitious plan, except for one crucial detail: at what price to start this price-peg crawling. The cautious Saudis, the self-proclaimed guardians of the oil market, wanted a price below $30 a barrel; the hawks in the cartel, unconcerned about consumers’ pain, demanded a much higher price. The ensuing bickering ensured that the scheme collapsed. History may now be repeating itself. When the current price-stabilization scheme was first unveiled, punters with short memories placed big bets that the cartel would adhere to it. By mid-June, the price basket had sailed past the 20-day upper trigger. But OPEC did not “automatically” release 500,000 barrels. Various confused and contradictory explanations surfaced
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from ministers, but not the oil. Only at their next officially scheduled meeting did they come up with a meager quota increase. 41. The passage confirms that
a. high oil prices can be controlled if OPEC increase oil output.
b. Bill Clinton accomplished his mission for the visit to Prince Abdullah.
c. Abdullah made all his efforts to control oil price without considering the benefits of his own country.
d. managing the oil market is easier said than done.
42. How many oil price schemes were recommended by OPEC ministers according to the passage? a. One b. Two c. Three d. Four
43. What’s the author’s opinion about Saudi Arabia?
a. Saudi Arabia is the largest country among the members of OPEC.
b. Saudi Arabia is the most active country in OPEC to control oil prices for the benefit of the rest of the world.
c. Saudi Arabia is the guardian of the world oil market.
d. Saudi Arabia seems to have strong intention to control the oil prices to a acceptable level, but it takes actions very carefully for the consideration of its own benefit. 44. What can you infer from the passage?
a. OPEC is, in the most cases, not reliable.
b. all the members of OPEC have the intention to lower oil prices when the prices get very high. c. The oil prices are fully controlled by the market and OPEC can do nothing with them even though they wish to
d. In most cases OPEC has been very efficient in managing oil prices.
Question 45-48
The horse preceded man on earth. Although the earliest remains of primitive horses have been found on the North American continent, many scientist believe this small species traveled over a land mass in the Bering Sea to found the beginnings of the modern horse in Asia. It became extinct in America. Other scientists believe that the horse may have originated in Asia. In any event the animal soon spread into China, Europe, and the Middle East. The first modern horses to be introduced into the American continent came with the early Spanish explorers. Horses were bred into many types. The heavy horses developed in the low countries of Europe and were used for Arabian. The only true wild horses left in the 20th century are found in Mongolia. Horses are said to rate in intelligence after the ape, elephant, and dog. They have excellent memories and can sometimes find their way home when lost, and sense danger better that their masters. The early civilizations of man that had made use of ht horse developed more rapidly than those which did not. 45. Some of the characteristics of the horse are _________ a. poor memories b. great loyalty
c. more intelligent the dog d. in some areas they can surpass the abilities of man 46. The horse originated___________
a. in the Middle East b. in Europe c. on the North American continent d. in Spain 47. The primary uses of the horse for early man were ___________
a. for food b. for prestige c. to make money d. to work for him 48. What can be said about the varieties of horses?
a. The early horses were larger than the more modern breeds.
b. The only true wild horses left in the 20th century are in the Middle East.
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c. The oldest breed of the modern horse is said to be the Arabian. d. Medieval knights preferred fast, active horses.
Questions 49-52
Recent intrusions into the lives of public figures have highlighted the lack of laws guarding privacy in Britain. As a result, one issue under discussion as Parliament returns this week is the possible introduction of legislation to curb press powers.
The government will probably take no action until it receives a report from a committee chaired by Sir David Calcutt, due in January 1993. the committee is examining whether the press should be regulated by tougher legislation. It is also considering the ways in which the press has invaded the private lives of the famous.
The Calcutt committee has reported once before, in 1990. it recommendations led to the creation of the Press Complaints Commission, under which the press was given the chance to regulate itself without the need for a privacy law. It also proposed a new criminal offence of physical intrusion to obtain information for publication.
This proposal, which was not acted upon, would have made it unlawful to photograph people on private property to record their conversations without permission. It would have made it an offence to enter a property to place a bug or obtain personal information.
The committee said that the press should be allowed to invade the privacy of a public figure only when it was likely to expose or prevent criminal activity, otherwise his or privacy should be left alone. But a general law protecting privacy was rejected.
Since then, reports in some newspapers and magazines about people’s private lives have ignored the committee’s recommendations. The private lives of Government Ministers and members of the Royal Family have featured prominently in the press. Photographs of the Duchess of York Sunbathing in France, for example, have been widely published.
Some sections of the media justify their intrusion by saying it is in the public interest. In a democracy, they argue, the public has a right to know what people in positions of power are doing. Politicians and others are accountable for their lives. Privacy laws, these critics say, would protect the privileged.
Additionally, many politicians use their private lives to gain popular support, for example by parading their families before cameras to emphasized “traditional value”. Hence, some editors say they are justified in prying into private lives to uncover any faults.
Likewise, the Royal Family is supported from public funds, and therefore it is argued that its members should lead responsible private lives.
49. Which of the following occurred recently in Britain?
a. a report from a committee chaired by Sir David Calcutt. B. Intrusion into the lives of public figures
c. Introduction of legislation to cub press power d. The Government’s action to protect privacy.
50. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
a. The press has more freedom to publish privacy of the famous after the foundation of the Press Complaints Commission.
b. To photograph public figures on public property is legal.
c. A privacy law is unnecessary since the press has the ability to regulate itself.
d. The Press Complaints Commission was formed out of the press and thus did something in favor of the press
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51. What kind of people are likely to appreciate the invasion of their private life?
a. The members of Calcutt committee b. royal family c. pop stars d. some government leaders
52. Which is a lawful purpose for intrusion into privacy?
a. To disclose criminal activity b. To be in agreement with Privacy Law c. To gain popular support d. To protect the privileged
Questions 53-56
When did sport begin? If sport is, in essence, play, the claim might be made that sprot is much older than humankind for, as we all have observed, the beasts play. Dogs and cats wrestle and play ball games. Fished and birds dance. The apes have simple, pleasurable games. Frolicking infants, school children playing tag, and adult arm wrestlers are demonstrating strong, trans-generational and trans-species bonds with the universe of animals past present and future. Young animals, particularly, tumble, chase, run wrestle, mock, imitate, and laugh( or so it seems) to the point of delighted exhaust. Their play, and ours, appears to serve no other purpose than to give pleasure to the players, and apparently to remove us temporarily form the anguish of life in earnest.
Some philosophers have claimed that our playfulness is the most noble part of our basic nature. In their generous conception, play harmlessly and experimentally permits us to put our creative forces, fantasy, and imagination into action. Play is release form the tedious battles against scarcity and decline which are the incessant, and inevitable, tragedies of life. This is a grand conception that excites and provokes. The holders of this view claim that origins of our highest accomplishments-liturgy, literature and law-can be traced to play a impulse which, paradoxically, we see most purely enjoyed by young beasts and children. Our sports, in this rather happy, non-fatalistic view of human nature, are more splendid creations of the non-datable, trans-species play impulse.
53. The best title for the passage is _________
a. Games for Animals b. The Origins and Meaning of Play c. A Playful View of Modern Philosophy d. The Role of Sport in Child Development 54. It seems to the author that young animals play in order to ________ a. gain pleasure b. learn specific behavior patterns c. delight their owners d. exercise their growing muscles
55. One may infer from the passage that play is important to adults because it helps them_____ a. understand their children b. interact more with animals and nature c. channel their creativity d. improve their physical strength 56. The word “noble” could best be replace by which of the following? a. snobbish b. wealthy c. royal d. admirable Question 57-60
To ensure similarity in scientific investigation or monitoring, nationally and internationally agreed standards are being introduced. Several systems of documenting experimental methods and procedures are in use today and are becoming increasingly important for indicating data quality and verifying the integrity of studies. One such approach is Good Laboratory Practice which was introduced in 1982 by the Health and Safety Executive to monitor the testing of industrial chemicals. Since 1982 the range of laboratories inspected has been extended to include those working with pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, cosmetics and food additives. Good Laboratory Practice is concerned with the way. laboratory or field studies are planned, monitored, recorded and reported and the conditions under which this occurs. Following the principles of GLP ensures that the studies
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are properly planned, can be adequately carried out and are fully and accurately reported. As pan of the planning, execution and reporting of a study, the various processes carried out are carefully documented as Standard Operating Procedures.
The value of long-term observation of environmental factors has only been recognized relatively recently although some monitoring of the environmental factors have been in existence for over a century. The best known long-term study is probably the Broadbalk Experiment at Rothamsted. Broadbalk and the other long-term experiments at Rothamsted and elsewhere are now proving to be extremely valuable by answering questions not considered, nor even conceived, when they were originally set up. Even so they are limited in geographic scope and by the fact that they are confined to one land use category. Current environmental and ecological monitoring networks, while not limited geographically, have in the main been set up to measure just one aspect of the environment. In contrast, the Environmental Change Network (ECN) was set up to give added value to long-term monitoring and data collection by providing a network of sites in different parts of the U.K. and under a variety of land use conditions where comparable long-term data on a wide variety of environmental variables could be recorded.
The idea of a network such as ECN was first considered in the mid 1970s but the concept did not reach fruition until 1992. The selection of the initial network of terrestrial sites was based on a range of criteria. One of the most important requirements, given the intended long-term nature of the project, was financial security although consistent quality of research was also required. The project intended that other sites representing more variable climate zones and land use will eventually join the network as funding becomes available.
The monitoring carded out at each ECN site covers a range of physical, chemical and biological measurements. Where possible procedures and measurements used by existing national monitoring schemes are employed so that ECN provides an integrating function for the more extensive sectorial networks. Environmental changes due to factors such as climate change are likely to be difficult to identify against the background noise arising from the numerous sources, both natural and man-made, of environmental variability. It is desirable, therefore, to minimize any additional variation due to operator involvement. To this end, and to ensure consistency and repeatability, protocols for each of the key measurements were produced.
57. How many experiment(s) was (were) conducted on the monitoring of the environmental factors? a. Unknown b. Two c. three d. one
58. What does the underlined word mean in “ One such approach is Good Laboratory Practice which was introduced in 1982 by the Health and Safety Executive to monitor the testing of industrial chemicals?”
a. Performance b. Standard c. Experiment d. Repetition 59. Which is the correct description of “ Environment Change Network?”
a. It is a network which is expected to provide environmental and ecological data representing
more geographical areas
b. It is a current environmental and ecological network to measure only one aspect of the
environment
c. Environmental Change Network remained functioning until 1992.
d. Environmental Change Network was wet up to make long-term monitoring of environment
more costly
60. The passage implies, though it does not explicitly state, that _______ is ( are) the most
promising approach to the long-term monitoring of environmental factors. a. Broasbalk Experiment b. Good Laboratory Practice
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c. Environmental Change Network d. Standard Operating Procedures Cloze (10 points)
Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They ______ that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the _______ man. But they insisted that its ______ results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the _______of the English population. _______ contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650-1750, when England was still a _______ agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.
This view, _____ , is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists _______ history and economics, have ______ two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was _______ by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace (平民).
61. a. admitted b. believed c. claimed d. predicted 62 a. plain b. average c. mean d. normal 63. momentary b. prompt c. instant d. immediate 64. bulk b. host c. gross d. magnitude 65. In b. With c. For d. By
66. a. broadly b. thoroughly c. generally d. completely 67. a. however b. meanwhile c. therefore d. moreover 68. a. at b. in c. about d. for
69. a. manifested b. approved c. shown d. speculated 70. a. noted b. impressed c. labeled d. marked
Translation (20 points)
The chemical industry depends very heavily on petroleum and natural gas as sources of raw materials. It is likely that in excess of 80% of the literally thousands of different basic organic chemicals employed today are derived from these sources.
The petrochemical industry has grown with the petroleum industry. As is the case with the latest trends in changing crude oil types, it must also evolve to meet changing technological and humanitarian needs.
The manufacture of chemicals from petroleum and natural gas constituents is an excellent example of the conversion of such materials to more valuable products. The individual chemicals made from petroleum and natural gas numerous and include industrial chemicals, household chemicals and paints, as well as intermediates for the manufacture of products, such as synthetic rubber and plastics.
The processing of petroleum hydrocarbon to yield materials that are, essentially, the building blocks of other chemicals industries, is now very extensive.
The classification of materials such as petrochemicals is used to indicate the source of the chemical compounds, but it should be remembered that many common petrochemicals can be made form other sources, and the terminology is therefore a matter of source identification.,
Petrochemicals are generally chemical compounds derived from petroleum either by direct manufacture or by indirect manufacture as by-products from the variety of processes that are used during the refining of petroleum. Gasoline, fuel oils, lubricating oils, waxes, asphalts, and the like are excluded from the definition of petrochemicals, since they are not, in the true sense, chemical compounds but are in fact intimate mixtures of hydrocarbons.
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B级
The chemical industry depends very heavily on petroleum and natural gas as sources of raw materials. It is likely that in excess of 80% of the literally thousands of different basic organic chemicals employed today are derived from these sources.
The petrochemical industry has grown with the petroleum industry. As is the case with the latest trends in changing crude oil types, it must also evolve to meet changing technological and humanitarian needs.
The manufacture of chemicals from petroleum and natural gas constituents is an excellent example of the conversion of such materials to more valuable products. The individual chemicals made from petroleum and natural gas numerous and include industrial chemicals, household chemicals and paints, as well as intermediates for the manufacture of products, such as synthetic rubber and plastics.
The processing of petroleum hydrocarbon to yield materials that are, essentially, the building blocks of other chemicals industries, is now very extensive.
解析：
I. Vocabulary(20 points)
1. a. absorbed (吸收) b. dissolved （分解） c. discovered 发现 d. recovered 恢复（健康）
2. a. advocate 鼓吹者 b. candidate 候选人 c. sponsor 发起者 d. opponent 对手 3. a. medal 奖牌 b. model 模特 c. modle （无此词） d. modest 和善的 4.a. carried on 继续 b. carried away 得意忘形 c. carried out 执行 d. carried over继续下去；使继续下去(2) 把…争取到自己这边来
5. a. ways 方式 （ways of acting=behavior 行为方式，整个短语等同于behaviour, 因此若用behavior就不能再出现acting，这两个词同义） b. behavior 行为 c. attitude 态度 d. means 手段，方法
6. 在信息时代， 他们时刻更新知识。 a. modernize 使。。。现代化（知识无所谓什么现代化不现代化） b. supply 提供 c. update 更新 d. upgrade 提高。。。档次，改良
7. a. all in all 总之 b. above all 首先，最重要的是 c. after all 毕竟 d over all 整体的
对要选的房子有几个要求，但quiet neighborhood 是最重要的
8. a. appropriate恰当的，合适的 b. thoughtful 关心人的 c. considerable 相当多的 d. sufficient充足的
9. Shipbuilders would not _____ their money unless they knew that they could make a profit. a. invest 投资 b. invent 发明 d. involve 涉及到，卷入 d. invite 邀请
10. a. add up to 累加达到 b. make up for 弥补 c. come up with 想出（办法、主意） d. put up with 忍受
11. a. release 公布，发表（演讲）（别向外界透漏消息，除非告诉你这样做） b. relieve 宽慰 c. relate 联系 d. retain 保持
12. a. spin 自转 b. roll 卷起 c. rotate 自转 d. revolve 绕。。。转（公转） 13. a. at （yell at冲着。。。大喊，） b. with c. to d. out 14. a. attached to 喜欢 b. responsible to 对。。。负责 c. resistant to [对…]有抵抗力的,耐[…]的
d. contrary to 与。。。相反
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15. a. appreciation 感激 b. enjoyment 快乐 d. evaluation 评价 d. reputation名望 16. a. proceed 前行 b. progress 进步 c. promise 许诺 d. promote 提升 17. a. admitted 承认 b. remitted 宽恕 c. permitted 允许 d. emitted 释放 18. 环保上的代价只是暂时的不便，而不是应该承担的永久的义务
a. imaginative b. peculiar 特殊的 c. persistent 永恒的 d. original 最初的，有创新的 19. a. run off （无此短语） b. run out 用光 c. run up 激增 d. run over跑过来 20. 人们工作挣钱，是为了能够买衣食。
a. in case以免、以防 b. so that 为了 c. as to 关于。。。 d. such as 例如 II. Grammar (20 points)
21. referred to sth. as 是个固定短语，把。。。看成是。。。本句是个倒装句，非倒装句是：refer to the rock as the matrix. D选项中的being是多余的， 因为refer to ..as中，as 已经包含了being 的意义。
a. as the matrix b. be the matrix c. by scientist to be the matrix d. as being the matrix 22. 句中的 withstood 是与选项并列的谓语，因此应该是过去有关的时态。Survive是及物动词，不用加to
a. survived b. has survived c. was survived to d. has been surviving
23. c. so much as 只能用在否定句中，例如Dogs doesn’t weigh so much as an elephant. d. as much as
24. from flying to the moon to… about it. 这句中from ….to…的to 是介词，因此应加名词或动名词，若选b那么thought(想法) 前应加the才对。Fly to the moon固定短语飞上月球。 a. think b. thought c. thinking d. will think
25. b. Waving 主语主动发出的动作，做伴随状语。
26. ______ retire(动词，但又不是谓语) are still able to receive （谓语部分）pension 宾语that they have paid into the social security system during their working days.定于从句。本句缺少主语
a. Most people b. since most people c. Most people are d. Most people who 主语中含有个定语从句most people主语 who retire定语从句
27. nor部分倒装， b. was it given d. was not it given 有nor的句子不能再用否定词了，因为Nor就表示not的意思
28. Between 1890 and 1970 是过去的时间短，因此用过去式。c. stayed
29. The water surrounding Manhattan c. surrounding 环绕Manhattan的水，水主动发出环绕的动作，作定语修饰water.
30. a. on which 定语从句，on是根据rest过来的，rest on=base on 31. necessary 要求用虚拟，should +动词原形c. should be imprison 32. or 决定主语中出现的事物只能选择一个，因此是单数， a. is
33. b. stranger…. brighter 这两个词的比较级都是直接加er，因为他们都是单音节词。 34. _______ was a planted sapling of the American redwood tree. d. One of the gifts，句中缺少主语。
35. An air ship _______ by energy from the sun has been suggested.谓语部分
d. powered power提供能量，不能作谓语，与ship构成被动关系.这句的含义是: 由太阳能量提供动力的航天飞船。。。
36. c. that some of the moon 宾语从句中的主语部分
37. demanded 要求句子用虚拟，should加动词原形，should 可以省略a. reveal
38. _______ hearing is really produced in all animals by the effect of pressure is not definitely known by scientists.
a. If or not (if后不能加not) b. Whether or not （whether 引导的主语从句）
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39. It was something we ________. （was标明和过去有关的时态，never 是完成时态的标志） d. had never heard of
40. “Could I borrow your bike?” “Yes, you_________”.
can （这里的could不表示过去式，仅是出于礼貌，could在征求别人意见时，比can更委婉，但在回答时，对方就不必过于客气了，同意某人的请求时直接说can） III. Reading comprehension (30 points) 请阅读第50课第3至8段（P245 Saudi Arabia, OPEC’s cautious giant……P246 with a meager quota increase）.Question 41-44 41. The passage confirms that
a. high oil prices can be controlled if OPEC increase oil output.( 与原文Despite several Saudi-inspired output increase by the cartel in recent months, the prices has remained stubbornly high矛盾)
b. Bill Clinton accomplished his mission for the visit to Prince Abdullah.（Clinton并没有完成出行使命，因为石油价格仍然居高不下，他得到的只是Abdulla表面的应和）
c. Abdullah made all his efforts to control oil price without considering the benefits of his own country.有误
d. managing the oil market is easier said than done.
42. How many oil price schemes were recommended by OPEC ministers according to the passage? b. Two其一在阅读材料的第2段结尾处ministers…to hammer out new production quotas,其二在阅读材料倒数第2段开始，two decades ago, the ministers….to hammer out details of a clever new scheme)
43. What’s the author’s opinion about Saudi Arabia?
a. Saudi Arabia is the largest country among the members of OPEC.(文中没有提到)
b. Saudi Arabia is the most active country in OPEC to control oil prices for the benefit of the rest of the world. 划线处错误
c. Saudi Arabia is the guardian of the world oil market.原文有个self-proclaimed自称的，并不是公认的
d. Saudi Arabia seems to have strong intention to control the oil prices to a acceptable level, but it takes actions very carefully for the consideration of its own benefit. 44. What can you infer from the passage?
a. OPEC is, in the most cases, not reliable.
c. The oil prices are fully controlled by the market and OPEC can do nothing with them even though they wish to 错误
d. In most cases OPEC has been very efficient高效的 in managing oil prices.正好相反
Question 45-48
The horse preceded man on earth. Although the earliest remains of primitive horses have been found on the North American continent,（第2题） many scientist believe this small species traveled over a land mass in the Bering Sea to found the beginnings of the modern horse in Asia. It became extinct in America. Other scientists believe that the horse may have originated in Asia. In any event the animal soon spread into China, Europe, and the Middle East. The first modern horses to be introduced into the American continent came with the early Spanish explorers. Horses were bred into many types. The heavy horses developed in the low countries of Europe and were used for work and by the medieval knights to hold them and their heavy armour. The oldest breed of horse is said to be Arabian. The only true wild horses left in the 20th century are found in Mongolia.
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Horses are said to rate in intelligence after the ape, elephant, and dog. They have excellent memories and can sometimes find their way home when lost, and sense danger better that their masters.（第一题答案依据） The early civilizations of man that had made use of ht horse developed more rapidly than those which did not.
45. d. in some areas they can surpass the abilities of man
46. The horse originated c. on the North American continent 本文讲的是马的起源及发展，primitive原始马来自于北美，后来越过白令海峡，来到亚洲成为现代马的祖先，而这个马种却在北美消亡了
47. The primary uses of the horse for early man were ___________d. to work for him 48. What can be said about the varieties of horses?
a. The early horses were larger than the more modern breeds.文中没提到
b. The only true wild horses left in the 20th century are in the Middle East. （Mongolia） c. The oldest breed of the modern horse is said to be the Arabian. d. Medieval knights preferred fast, active horses.（原文是heavy）
Questions 49-52
Recent intrusions into the lives of public figures have highlighted the lack of laws guarding privacy in Britain. As a result, one issue under discussion as Parliament returns this week is the possible introduction of legislation to curb press powers.
The government will probably take no action until it receives a report from a committee chaired by Sir David Calcutt, due in January 1993. the committee is examining whether the press should be regulated by tougher legislation. It is also considering the ways in which the press has invaded the private lives of the famous.
The Calcutt committee has reported once before, in 1990. it recommendations led to the creation of the Press Complaints Commission, under which the press was given the chance to regulate itself without the need for a privacy law. It also proposed a new criminal offence of physical intrusion to obtain information for publication.
This proposal, which was not acted upon, would have made it unlawful to photograph people on private property to record their conversations without permission. It would have made it an offence to enter a property to place a bug or obtain personal information.
The committee said that the press should be allowed to invade the privacy of a public figure only when it was likely to expose or prevent criminal activity, otherwise his or privacy should be left alone. But a general law protecting privacy was rejected.
Since then, reports in some newspapers and magazines about people’s private lives have ignored the committee’s recommendations. The private lives of Government Ministers and members of the Royal Family have featured prominently in the press. Photographs of the Duchess of York Sunbathing in France, for example, have been widely published.
Some sections of the media justify their intrusion by saying it is in the public interest. In a democracy, they argue, the public has a right to know what people in positions of power are doing. Politicians and others are accountable for their lives. Privacy laws, these critics say, would protect the privileged.
Additionally, many politicians use their private lives to gain popular support, for example by parading their families before cameras to emphasized “traditional value”. Hence, some editors say they are justified in prying into private lives to uncover any faults.
Likewise, the Royal Family is supported from public funds, and therefore it is argued that its members should lead responsible private lives.
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49. Which of the following occurred recently in Britain? B. Intrusion into the lives of public figures
50. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
a. The press has more freedom to publish privacy of the famous after the foundation of the Press Complaints Commission.(Press Complaint Commission新闻投诉协会是限制新闻业自由的 b. To photograph public figures on public property is legal. 文中一再强调public figure on private property(阅读材料第四段、五段)只有私人住所才是不允许新闻也介入的， c. A privacy law is unnecessary since the press has the ability to regulate itself.（与原文不符） d. The Press Complaints Commission was formed out of the press and thus did something in favor of the press（与原文不符）
51. What kind of people are likely to appreciate the invasion of their private life? d. some government leaders
52. Which is a lawful purpose for intrusion into privacy? a. To disclose criminal activity
Questions 53-56
When did sport begin? If sport is, in essence, play, the claim might be made that sprot is much older than humankind for, as we all have observed, the beasts play. Dogs and cats wrestle and play ball games. Fished and birds dance. The apes have simple, pleasurable games. Frolicking infants, school children playing tag, and adult arm wrestlers are demonstrating strong, trans-generational and trans-species bonds with the universe of animals past present and future. Young animals, particularly, tumble, chase, run wrestle, mock, imitate, and laugh( or so it seems) to the point of delighted exhaust. Their play, and ours, appears to serve no other purpose than to give pleasure to the players,（只是为了让玩的人高兴） and apparently to remove us temporarily form the anguish of life in earnest.
Some philosophers have claimed that our playfulness is the most noble part of our basic nature. In their generous conception, play harmlessly and experimentally permits us to put our creative forces, fantasy, and imagination into action. Play is release form the tedious battles against scarcity and decline which are the incessant, and inevitable, tragedies of life. This is a grand conception that excites and provokes. The holders of this view claim that origins of our highest accomplishments-liturgy, literature and law-can be traced to play a impulse which, paradoxically, we see most purely enjoyed by young beasts and children. Our sports, in this rather happy, non-fatalistic view of human nature, are more splendid creations of the non-datable, trans-species play impulse.
53. The best title for the passage is _________ b. The Origins and Meaning of Play
54. It seems to the author that young animals play in order to ________ a. gain pleasure b. learn specific behavior patterns c. delight their owners d. exercise their growing muscles
55. One may infer from the passage that play is important to adults because it helps them_____ c. channel their creativity 激发创造力
56. The word “noble” could best be replace by which of the following?
a. snobbish势力的 b. wealthy有钱的 c. royal皇室的 d. admirable 可赞赏的（noble 本意是高贵的，但文中出现noble的段落后出现的都是说play的优点，因此，noble就引申为“给人带来好处”类似的含义
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请阅读第41篇第一段第10行至第四段倒数第5行（P193 To ensure similarity in scientific investigation or monitoring, nationally and internationally …..P194 for each of the key measurements were produced.） Question 57-60 57. a. Unknown
58.原文有 to monitor the testing of industrial chemicals监控化工产品的检测，能起到监控作用的只有答案B
a. Performance表演， b. Standard标准 c. Experiment试验 d. Repetition重复 59. Which is the correct description of “ Environment Change Network?”
a. It is a network which is expected to provide environmental and ecological data representing
more geographical areas （阅读材料递2段结尾处有Current environmental and ecological monitoring networks, while not limited geographically….be set up to measure just …因此，这个network 的作用是监控，测量而不是.提供数据
b. It is a current environmental and ecological network to measure only one aspect of the
environment(原文是in the main“主要是”并不是“只能”only检测环境的一个方面) c. Environmental Change Network remained functioning until 1992.原文是直到1992年才reach
fruition结果、有成绩，而不是说ENC只是运行到了1992年
d. Environmental Change Network was set up to make long-term monitoring of environment
more costly（原文提到必须有financial security标明ECN的成本是很高的）
60. The passage implies, though it does not explicitly state, that _______ is ( are) the most
promising approach to the long-term monitoring of environmental factors.
c. Environmental Change Network 从阅读材料的第2段就谈及了long-term monitoring 环
境的长期监控，而这不凡之谈到了ECN没有涉及其它选项
Cloze (10 points)
Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They __1____ that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the __2_____ man. But they insisted that its __3____ results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the ___4____of the English population. _____5__ contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650-1750, when England was still a ____6___ agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.
This view, ___7__ , is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists ___8____ history and economics, have ___9___ two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was ___10____ by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace (平民).
61 b. believed 这部分是科学家的观点,这是解释前一句话historians spoke very critically现象的原因，然后才会接着说后面的they insist “他们认为”。。。 62 b. average average man 固定说法“普通人”
63. momentary 和钱有关的 b. prompt 快速的 c. instant 立即的，瞬间的 d. immediate即可、直接的
64. bulk 名词 大部分 （此空只能填名词 ） b. host 主人 c. gross n.总额 adj总额的（仅指体积、重量、钱物） d. magnitude （adj.巨大的） 65. In contrast 固定搭配，恰恰相反
66. a. broadly 面积广的 b. thoroughly彻彻底底的 （比completely语气重，程度深，在此处于文中的still 不谐调） c. generally 通常的 d. completely完完全全的
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67. a. however 前后都有逗号
68.b. in 在历史和经济学方面的专家，in 在。。。方面
69. a. manifested显示 b. approved 证明 c. shown 表明 d. speculated 思考 70. a. noted (be noted by以。。。而闻名) b. impressed c. labeled 贴标签 d. marked作标记
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