1. good相关短语 be good at 擅长……
be good with 善于应付……的,对……有办法 be good for 对……有好处
e.g. Tom擅长拉小提琴。__________________________________________________
Are you good with old people? __________________________________________ 她知道冰激凌对她的健康没有好处。___________________________________ 2. 同源形容词的区分:-ing 形容事物具有某种性质;-ed形容人具有某种感觉/感情
interesting 有趣的 relaxing 令人放松的 surprising 令人吃惊的 interested 感兴趣的 relaxed 感到放松的 surprised 感到吃惊的 exciting 令人兴奋的 worrying 令人担忧的 moving 令人感动的 excited 感到兴奋的 worried 担忧的 moved 感动的 e.g. 这是一部非常感人的影片,看完后的每一个人都非常的感动。
____________________________________________________________________ 3. “到达” arrive arrive at+小地点 arrive in+大地点 get to + 地点 reach + 地点
注意:当到达的地点是here, there, home等地点副词时,前面不能用介词at/ in/to。 e.g. 我们必须要按时到达车站。_____________________________________________
How do you get to school? _______________________________________________ 我马上就到家了。_____________________________________________________ 4. “穿”的各种表达方式
put on 强调穿的动作“穿上” wear 强调穿的状态“穿着”
be in (衣服) 强点穿的衣服的颜色 “穿着”
dress + sb. 强调动作的对象“给某人穿衣服”get dressed “穿好衣服” e.g. 外面很冷,穿上你的外套。_____________________________________________
She wears a colorful dress today. __________________________________________ Jack穿着一身黑衣服。_________________________________________________ My mother helps to dress my little brother every morning because he is to young. _____________________________________________________________________
5. “说”的表达。
speak + 语言
say + “说的内容”,say “hello/ sorry/ goodbye” to sb. 跟某人打招呼/道歉/ 道别
tell “告诉,讲述”tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某事,tell stories/ a story讲故事 talk
talk with sb. 和某人交谈 talk to sb. 跟某人说话 talk about 谈论的内容 6. “在……前面”
in front of 在(物体之外)的前面 in the front of 在(物体内部)的前面
e.g. 司机把车停了下来因为车前面有一只小狗。______________________________________
A television stands in the front of our classroom.____________________________________ 7. 不同的“花费”
① take:It takes sb. sth. to do sth. 做某事花费某人某物 sth. take sb. sth. 某事物花费某人某物 sb. take sth to do sth. 某人花费某物做某事 ②cost:It costs sb. sth. to do sth. 做某事花费某人多少钱
sth. coat sb. sth. 某物花费某人多少钱
③pay:sb. pay sth. for sth.. 某人为某物支付多少钱 ④spend:sb. spend sth. on sth. 某人在某物上花费某物
sb. spend sth (in) doing sth. 某物在做某事上花费某物
辨别方法:①cost 的主语通常是事或物(包括形式主语 it),不能是人;pay 的主语只能是人;spend 的
主语也只能是人;take 的主语可以是事或物(包括形式主语 it),也可以是人。
②cost 的宾语通常是钱;pay的宾语只能是钱;take 的宾语通常是时间;而 spend 的宾语则可以是时间、钱或精力。
8. few/ a few, little/ a little ① few / a few用来修饰可数名词
few表示否定意义,没有,几乎没有;a few表示有肯定意思,有几个. e.g. He has few friends here, he feels lonely. 他这里没朋友,他感觉寂寞. There are a few eggs in the basket.篮子里有几个鸡蛋. ② little / a little用来修饰不可数名词
little表示否定意思,没有,几乎没有;a little 表示肯定意思,有一点儿.例如: e.g. There is little ink in my bottle, can you give me a little?
我的瓶子里没有墨水了,你能给我点儿吗? 9. “玩得开心”
have a good time/ day (+ doing sth) have fun (+ doing sth) enjoy doing sth. enjoy oneself 10. “带来,带着”
bring 指“从别处把东西或人带来”、“拿来”, e.g. He brought a new book with him. 他带来一新书. take 指“把东西带走或拿走”, e.g. Please take the letter to the post office. 请把这封信送到邮局去. fetch 指“到别处去把某人或某物带来或拿来”, e.g. She has gone to fetch water. 她去打水去了. get 是常用词, 多用于口语,与fetch 同义, e.g. Go and get some water.去打些水来.
carry 指“随身携带(不说明固定方向)”,有时含有“负担”的意思,e.g. Let me carry the box for you. 请让我替你拿这个箱子. 11. 不同的“看”
look指集中注意力地看,是有意的,强调“看”的动作。单独使用时,用来引起对方的注意;
如果跟宾语,要和at连用。
see强调“看”的结果,意为“看见、看到”。
watch强调“专注地看”,有欣赏的意味,常用于看电视、看球赛等。 read指“看”时实指“阅读”,常用于看书、看报等。 see/ watch sb do sth 看到某人做某事 see/ watch sb. doing sth 看到某人正在做某事 12. 不同的“听”
sound作名词时表\"声响,声音\泛指一切声音,作动词时是一个\"半系动词\后面一般加形容词或从句,
表\"听起来怎么样\". (voice尤其指人的声音或鸟叫) hear是\"听\它强调\"听\"的结果.你可翻译为\"听到\"
listen是不及物动词,后面不能直接加宾语,强调\"听\"的动作, 要加\"听\"的对象就用listen to . hear sb. do sth 听到某人做某事
hear sb. doing sth 替你发到某人正在做某事 13. 关于那些“其它”的事
① other可作形容词或代词,形容词意思是“别的,其他”,名词泛指“其他的(人或物)”. e.g. Do you have any other question(s)? Ask some other people.问问别人吧!
② the other指两个人或物中的一个时,只能用the other,不能用another,此时的other作代词. e.g. He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker.他有两个女儿,一个是护士,另一个人.
the other后可加单数名词,也可加复数名词,此时的other作形容词
e.g. On the other side of the street, there is a tall tree.在街道的另一边,有一棵大树.
Mary is much taller than the other girls.玛丽比其他的女孩高得多. He lives on the other side of the river.他住在河的对岸.
③ others是other的复数形式,泛指“另外几个”,“其他的”.在句中可作主语、宾语.
e.g. Some of us like singing, others go in for sports.我们一些人喜欢唱歌,其他的从事体育活动.
Give me some others, please.请给我别的东西吧! There are no others.没有别的了.
④ the others是“其他东西,其余的人”.特指某一范围内的“其他的(人或物)”.是the other的复数形式. e.g. Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home.两个男孩去动物园,其余的留在家里. the others=the other 复数名词
⑤ another=an other,既可作形容词,也可作代词,只能用于三个或更多的人或物,泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”,只能代替或修饰单数可数名词.
e.g. I don’t like this one. Please show me another.我不喜欢这一个,请给我看看另一个.
I have three daughters. One is a nurse, another is a teacher and another is a worker. 我有三个女儿.一个是护士,另一个是教师,还有一个是工人
14. 辨析“each, every, either”
① each 指所提到的人、事物每一个都...,说明每个个体都是一样的情况,强调个体.
e.g. When arriving, each of you will get a card from the guide.每个人的结果都是一样的,都会得到一张卡片. ② every每个人,强调全部、都
e.g. The sun shines every day. 每天都是阳光灿烂. ③ either pron. 两者之一 adv. 也(不)
e.g. There's coffee or tea - you can have either. 咖啡或茶——你可以任选一种.
\"If you don't go, I won't either.\" \"如果你不去,我也不去.\" 15. 辨析hard与heavy
hard adj. 困难的;硬的;有力的;努力的; anv. 努力地;猛力地;严重地;沉重地 hardly adv. 几乎不;简直不;刚刚;严厉地,粗鲁地
heavy adj. 重的,沉重的;大量的,浓密的;激烈的;重型的 heavily adv. 严重地,大量地;沉重地,沉闷地;猛烈地 考点:雨下得大。It rains heavily/ hard. = It is a heavy rain. It’s pouring. = It’s raining cats and dogs. 16. “制造”那些事儿
① be made of 表示制成成品后,仍可看出原材料是什么,保留原材料的质和形状,制作过程仅发生物
理变化。
如: The kite is made of paper.风筝是用纸做的。
② be made from 表示制成的东西完全失去了原材料的外形或特征,或原材料在制作过程中发生化学变 化,在成品中已无法辨认。
如: The paper is made from wood. Butter is made from milk. ③ be made in 表示在某地制造 如:The pen is made in China.
④ be made by 通过什么方式或由某人制成。
如:The shoes is made by hand。 My desk is made by my father.
⑤ be made up of意为“由……组成(构成)”,强调由部分组成整体,可用于人或物。 如:Our class is made up of 56 students. 我们班56名同学组成。 17. “leave”
leave sp. (to sp.) 离开某地去某地 leave for sp. 动身去某地 leave sth. sp. 把某物落在某地 18. “cut”短语
cut down v.削减;砍倒;杀死;删节;胜过 cut up vt.切碎;抨击 19. “put”短语 put on 穿上 put up 举起,张贴 20. “shout”短语
shout at sb. 对某人喊(距离比较近) shout to sb. 对某人喊(距离比较远) 21. forget和remember
① forget to do 忘记要去做某事. (未做) forget doing 忘记做过某事. (已做)
e.g. The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着,它忘记关了.
He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了. ( 已做过关灯的动作) 典型例题:---- The light in the office is still on. ---- Oh, I forgot___.
A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off ② remember to do 记得去做某事 (未做) remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做) e.g. Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局. Don't you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
22. “爱”to do或doing
like/ love doing 表示爱好,e.g. I like swimming 我喜欢游泳。
Like/ love to do 表示平时喜欢做什么或愿意做什么,e.g. I would like to go to swim 我想去游泳。 23. “保持”keep
keep (on) doing sth. 坚持做某事 keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事 keep…from…阻止,避开
e.g. They keep on keeping these stray dogs.
Tom keeps me waiting for an hour.
You need to keep the cat from eating the fish. 24. practice doing sth. 练习做某事 practice sth. 练习某事物 25. stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事
e.g. Let’s stop to have a rest. 我们停下来休息一下吧。 You must stop smoking. 你必须要戒烟了。(停止吸烟)
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