英语句子成分 及 五种基本句型

1. 句子成分

句子成分 主语 意义 表示句子说的是什么人或什么事 说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样 表示动作行为的对象 充当词类 例句 名，代，数，不定 We study in HuangQiao 式，动名词，短语Middle School. 或句子 动词或动词词组 同主语 She is dancing under the tree. Both of us like English. Her father is a chemist. His words sound reasonable. Guilin is a beautiful city. 谓语 宾语 表语 与联系动词连用，一起构成同主语 谓语，说明主语的性质或特征 （如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等） 用来修饰名词或代词 形，代，数，名, 副，介词短语或句子 定语 状语 修饰动词，形容词，副词，副词，介词短语或表示动作发生的时间，地句子 点，原因，目的，方式，结果等 逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系 形容词，名词，介词短语等 He works very hard. They held a party in Hollywood. She always keeps the house clean. They painted the wall white. 宾语 补足语 主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！

练习：指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：

❖ 1. The students got on the school bus. ❖ 2. He handed me the newspaper. ❖ 3. I shall answer your question after class. ❖ 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! ❖ 5. They went hunting together early in the morning. ❖ 6. His job is to train swimmers. ❖ 7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. ❖ 8. There is going to be an American film tonight. ❖ 9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 2. 五种基本句型

基本句型 一：主＋ 不及物动词 1. The sun │was shining. 2. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 3. Who │cares?

基本句型 二：主＋谓（系动词）＋表

系动词分有be, look, keep, seem, get, grow, become, turn等 1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner │smells │good. 3. Everything │looks │different. 4. His face │turned │red.

基本句型 三：主＋谓（及物动词）＋宾 1. Who │knows │the answer? 4. He │enjoys │reading. 3. He│ate │an apple. 4. He │said │\"Good morning.\"

基本句型 四: 主＋谓＋间宾(多指人)＋直宾（多指物） 直接宾语是动作的直接承受者；间接宾语是动作的间接承受者。

通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词被省略。 He gives me the book. He gives the book to me.

1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 2. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. 3. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 4. I │showed │him │my pictures.

基本句型 五：主＋谓＋宾＋宾补

此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 1. We found the hall full of people. 2. They │painted │the door │green.

练习： 翻译下列句子

1. 在会上什么也不要说。 2. 为了活着，我们必须吃东西。 3. 门关不上了。

4. 你可以坐9:30的火车。 5. 这会给我们省很多钱。 6. 这是违法的。 7. 你认为这有必要吗？ 8. 请允许我介绍自己。 9. 老师逮住他在抽烟。 10. 什么使你这么生气。

1. Don’t say anything at the meeting. 2. We must eat to live. 3. The door won’t shut. 4. You can take the 9:30 train. 5. This will save us a lot of money. 6. It was against the law. 7. Do you think it necessary? 8. Allow me to introduce myself. 9. The teacher caught him smoking. 10. What made you so angry?