人教版英语八年级下册短语句型及语法总结

2024-02-20 来源：客趣旅游网

p47. keep on doing sth = keep doing sth 继续做某事 6 p48. mean life or death 意味着生存或死亡 6

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s1. What’s the matter (with you) 你怎么啦？ 1 = What’s the trouble (with you)? 若带左右箭头，如look sth↔up， = What’s your trouble? 指宾语是名词，可在副词前或后。 = What’s wrong (with you)? 宾语若是代词，则只在副词前面。答语常用I have a /an + 疾病： p-指短语；s-指句子；g-指语法。 I have a fever. 我发烧了。 I have a toothache. 我牙疼。 Unit 1 What’s the matter? I have a headache. 我头疼。 p1. talk too much 说太多的话；谈论太多 1 I have a (bad) cold. 我感冒了。（有时可用catch a cold） p2. lie down 躺下 2 I have a stomachache. 我胃疼。 p3. have a rest = take a rest = rest 休息 2 I have a cough. 我咳嗽。 p4. hot tea with honey 加有蜂蜜的热茶 2 I have a sore back. 我背疼。 p5. see a dentist = go to the dentist 看牙医 2 I have a sore throat. 我喉咙疼。 p6. get an X-ray 做X光检查 2 s2. Are you OK? 你好吗？/ 你没事吧？ 2 p7. take one’s temperature 量体温 2 s3. What should / can / shall I do? 我该怎么办？ 2 p8. cut oneself 割着自己 2 s4. Should I take my temperature? 我该量体温吗？ 2 p9. put some medicine on it. 在它上面放上药 2 s5. It doesn’t sound like you have a fever. 2 p10. all weekend 整个周末 2 类似：听起来好像你没有发烧。（见g1） all day 整天 all night 整夜 all year 整年 s6. What did you do on weekend? 你在周末干什么了？ 2 all morning 整个早上 (all 加时段时常无the) s7. You need to take breaks away from the computer. 2 p11. in the same way 以同样的方式(方法) 2 你需要远离电脑多休息。 p12. for long 长久地 = for a long time 2 s8. You should lie down and rest. 你应该躺下休息。2 p13. at 9:00 a.m. yesterday 在昨天上午九点 3 s5. Did you hurt yourself playing soccer? 4 p14. (take) the No. 26 bus 乘26路公交车 = (take) bus No. 26 3 你踢球时伤了自己吗？ p15. on the side of … 在……的一边上 3 s6. What happened (to you)? （你）发生了什么事？5 p16. shout for help 求救 3 =What’s the matter (with you)? p17. without thinking twice 毫不犹豫 3 ======================================================== p18. get off 下车 get on 上车 3 g1. 部分感官动词用法。 p19. have a heart problem 有心脏病 3 1 系动词look, sound, taste, feel, smell, 加形： ○p20. go to the hospital 去医院(看病) 3 That sounds wonderful. It tastes salty.

= see a doctor = go to the/a doctor 2 以上词若跟like, “… 起来像…”，加名/代/动名词/that从句。 ○p21. take sb to the hospital 带某人去医院 3 That sounds like a good idea. 听起来像好主意。（加名） p22. expect (sb) to do sth 期待(某人)做某事 3 She looks like you. 她起来像你。（加代） p23. wait for the next bus 等下趟车 3 It sounds like you have a fever. 听来好像你发烧了。（从句） (wait 是不及物，需加for再跟宾语) 3 以上词否定时常把否定词前置。 ○p24. to one’s surprise，… 令某人惊讶的是，…… 3 It doesn’t sound interesting. 这听起来不有趣。 p25. agree to do sth 同意做某事 3 Tom doesn’t look like his brother. 汤姆看起来不像他哥哥。 p26. thanks to …, 多亏了……， 3 g2. “及时”与“准时”。 p27. in time 及时 (on time 准时) 3 1 in time, “及时”，指恰在需要的时候赶上。 ○p28. think about 考虑 3 The doctor saved the man in time. p29. right away = at once 立刻，马上 3 We were just in time for the bus. p30. get into trouble 陷入困境 3 2 on time, “准时”, 指在规定的时间做到。 ○p31. get some sleep 得到一些睡眠 4 Please come to the meeting on time. 请按时参会。 p32. hurt / cut oneself 伤 / 割了自己 4 The train got there on time. 火车及时到了那儿。 p33. put a bandage on the cut 用绷带包扎伤口 5 g3. mean “指的是；意味着；意思是” 用法。 p34. run the cut under water 用水清洗伤口 5 1 What do you mean? 你是什么意思？ ○p35. get hit / get hurt / get sunburned / get killed 6 What does the word mean? 这个单词是什么意思？受到撞击 / 受伤 / 被晒伤 / 被杀死（get+动过分表被动） 2 物 + mean doing sth, “意味着做某事” ○p36. have problems breathing呼吸有困难 6（见g7） Missing the early bus means arriving late for school. p37. be interested in sth /doing sth对（做）某事感兴趣 6 错过早班车意味着上学迟到。 p38. (go) mountain climbing爬山/ (go) bicycle riding 骑车兜风 6 3 人+ mean to do sth, 故意做某事 ○ （名+动ing, 表运动项目，用此结构） I didn’t mean to hurt you. 我不是故意要伤害你。 p39. in a …situation 处于……的局面/状况 6 g4. thanks for 与thanks to区别。 p40. by oneself 依靠自己；独自（by可省略） 6 1 thanks for … = thank you for …, “多谢……”， ○p41. use sth to do sth 用某物做某事 6 后加名/ 动ing, 一般无下文来表示结果。 p42. climb down … 爬下…… 6 Thanks for your help. / Thanks for helping me. p43. between a rock and a hard place 6 2 thanks to …, “多亏了……”, 一般有下文引出结果。 ○ 左右为难，处于两难境地，进退两难 Thanks to your help, I can finish the work on time. p44. tell of / about sth, 谈及某事，告诉有关……的情况 6 多亏你的帮助，我能按时地完成这项工作。 p45. the importance of sth/doing sth (做)某事的重要性6 g5. 计量表达法。结构：数字+单位+形容词。 p46. be in control of … 掌管，管理 6 1 后不接名词时，此结构中无连字符。 ○

人教版英语八年级下册知识点总结

g6. g7.

数字若大于1，单位用复数；小于等于1，单位用单数。 The bridge is 8 meters long. 这座桥八米长。 The baby is one year old. 这个婴儿一岁大。 The street is 100 feet wide. 这条街100英尺宽。 The fish is ten kilos heavy. 这条鱼十公斤重。

2 后接名词时，此结构中有连字符，相当于形容词， ○

单位不可用复数。

It’s an 8-meter-long bridge. It’s a one-year-old baby. This is a 100-foot-wide street. That’s a ten-kilo-heavy fish. hit “打”的用法。常跟介宾结构指出打的部位。 1 hit sb on the + 突起或较硬的部位。 ○

He hit me on the arms / face. 他打了我的胳膊 / 脸。 2 hit sb in the + 引起凹陷部位或身体较软部位。 ○

She hit me in the stomach. 她打着了我的肚子。 have 部分用法。

1 “有”，后接带to不定式，have sth to do sth, “有…做…” ○

We have nothing to eat. 我们没有吃的东西了。 She has a story to tell us. 她有故事给我们讲。

2 一些固定搭配后要接doing. （实际上动词前省略了in） ○

 have a good time doing sth = have fun doing sth

“做某事很开心”；

 have a hard (或difficult) time doing sth =

have problems doing sth = have trouble doing sth “做某事有困难”

3 have译为“使；让”后接三种情况： ○

 have sth / sb do sth “让某物/某人做某事”

She had me work too long. 她让我工作太长时间了。  have sth / sb doing sth “让某物/某人一直做某事”

Don’t keep him standing so long. 不要让他站立太久。

 have sth / sb done “让某物/某人被……”，表示被动。 I’ll have my watch repaired.

我将让我的表被修理。/ 我将让人修理我的表。

g8. “习惯于”用法。结构：人+be used to + sth / doing sth. to是介词，所以跟名/代/动ing。 I am used to the country life. 我习惯了乡村生活。(名) She is used to reading aloud. 她习惯了大声读书。(动ing) g9. run out用法。译为“用完；花光”

1 不加of短语时主语是物， ○“某物被用光” My money has run out. 我的钱(被)用光了 / (被)花光了。 Time is running out. 时间不多了 / 正要被用完。

2 加of短语时主语多是人。“某人用完某物” ○ We’re running out of time. 我们快没有时间了。 He’ll run out of the water. 他将用完水。 g10. so … that … 与 so that用法。

1 so 跟形/副；或 so + 两多两少 + 名，再跟that从句， ○ “如此……以致……”。 The flowers were so beautiful that everyone stopped to take photos. 这些花如此美以致大家都停下来拍照。 He walked so quietly that nobody noticed him. 他走得如此安静以致没人注意到他。 There were so many people in the street that we had to drive slowly. 大街上有如此多的人，以致我们不得不慢慢地开车。

2 so that 句型，若so 后无形/副，表“以致；以便”，分别 ○ 接表结果的从句和表目的的从句。 She sat by the window so that she could see those people. 她坐窗户旁边以便能看到那些人。 Tom walked very quickly so that we couldn’t follow him. 汤姆走得非常快以致我们不能跟上他。 p1. clean sth ↔ up 打扫干净 9 P2. be in (the) hospital 住院 9 go to (the) hospital去看病

p3. cheer sb ↔ up （使）振作起来，使高兴 9

p4. give sth ↔ out 分发，发放 9

p5. come up with (an idea, a plan, … ) = think of… 想出 10 p6. put off (doing) sth 推迟（做）某事 10

p7. make a plan / make plans (to do sth) 制定计划做某事 10 = plan (to do sth)

p8. put sth ↔ up 张贴，搭起，挂起，举起，搭建 10 p9. hand sth ↔ out 散发，发放 10（hand in, 上交） p10. call sb ↔ up 给……打电话 10

p11. from now (on) 从现在起，从现在开始 10 p12. ask sb to do sth 请某人做某事 10 p13. help (sb) out 帮（某人）解决问题 10 p14. read sth to sb 给某人读某物 10

p15. tell (sb) stories （给某人）讲故事 10 p16. used to do sth 过去常常/曾经做某事 10 p17. care for sb 照顾某人 10

p18. give up sth/doing sth 放弃某事（做某事）11

p19. a strong feeling of satisfaction 一种强烈的满足感 11 P20. get better/well 康复 11

p21. by oneself 依靠某人自己，独自地 11

p22. at the age of four/twenty 在四岁时/二十岁时 11 P23. try out for … 参加……选拔 11 try out还可译为“（通过实验）验证……” p24. go on a journey 进行一次旅行 11 p25. come true 实现 11 （见g1） p26. at the same time 同时 11 如： We went to college at the same time. 我们同时上的大学。（same前必须有the） p27. a dream job 一份梦想的工作/理想的职业 11

p28. be busy with sth = be busy (in) doing sth忙于(做)某事 12 p29. in their free time 在他们闲暇时间 12

p30. raise money 捐钱 12 （raise, 捐，养育，升起） p31. run out of ... 用完 = use up 13

p32. be worried about ... 对...感到担心 13 p33. take after (外表或行为)像... 13 不要和 look after（照顾）混淆。 p34. be similar to ... 和...类似 13 p35. give sth ↔ away 赠送 13 (give it away to Mr. Liu, 把它赠给刘先生) P36. Set up 建立；成立 14

P37. make a (big) difference (to sb) 14 (对某人)产生影响／发挥作用 p38. disabled people 残疾人 14 p39. for sb to do sth 让某人做某事 14 p40. think about 考虑，思考 14 p41. answer the telephone 接电话 14 类似：answer the door, 应声开门 p42. be difficult/hard/easy for sb 14 对某人来说是困难的/容易的

p43. one day last year 去年有一天 14

p44. have difficulty doing … 做…有困难14 （见Unit 1. g7） p45. help (sb) out 帮助（某人）解决困难 14 p46. a trained dog 一只训练过的狗 14 （见g11） p47. be excited about … 对……感到兴奋 14 p48. be able to do sth 能够做某事

p49. because of … 由于…… 14 后接短语。（而because接句子） because of your kindness, 由于 / 因为你的好意， p50. at once 立刻；马上 14 （= right away） p51. send sb sth（双宾结构）= send sth to sb 14 给某人送某物（见Unit 3, g7）

Here are some flowers with my best wishes. 给你一些花儿，致以我良好的祝愿。

p54. write a letter to sb 给某人写信 15 (= write to sb.) p55. be interested in sth 对……感兴趣 16

p56. be good at sth = be strong in sth = do well in sth 擅长…… 16 p57. in my free time 在我空闲时间 16

========================================================= s1. I hope to work outside. 我希望去外面工作。 9 s2. You could help to clean up the city parks. 9 你可以帮助把城市的公园打扫干净。

s3. We can’t put off making a plan. 我们不能拖延制订计划。 9 s4. Thank sb for sth/doing sth因（做）某事感谢某人 14

======================================================== g1. 三个“实现”用法。

1 achieve = realize, 及物动词，主语是人。“实现”。 ○ “抱负”, “目的”, “梦想” 等词在其后作宾语。

2 come true, 不及物，主语是物。“成真”。 ○ “抱负”, “目的”, “梦想” 等词在其前作主语。 Test: 选择achieve, come true, 并用适当形式填空。 1. Lucy’s dream must be able to ____________. 2. I’m sure I can ____________ my dream. 3. Ann made her plans _____________. 4. Mary ____________ her purpose in the end. Keys: 1. come true 2. achieve 3. come true 4. achieved g2. 带to不定式用法。

1 作主语或表语。 to do 与doing作主语或表语的区别： ○

 to do作主语或表语常指一次性或不重复的事，或表具体的动作，也常指未完成的事或目的。

To finish the job took me 2 hours. 完成工作花我两小时。 To be a teacher is my dream. 当老师是我的梦想。

Your job is to fix up his bike. 你的工作是修他的自行车。  动名词作主语常指可重复、可多次发生的事，或抽象的动作，具有普遍意义，也表示一件已知的事或经验：

Smoking is not good. 抽烟不好。 Climbing mountains is interesting. 爬山是有趣的。 My hobby is reading books. 我的爱好是读书。

2 作宾语。在及物动词后。 ○（动宾结构） I want to join the music club. He hopes to be a teacher.

3 作状语。常有目的状语、原因状语、结果状语。 ○ I went there to help him. 目的状语。 To catch the bus, he got up very early. 目的状语。 They are fun to watch. 原因状语。 He’s too young to go to school. 结果状语。

4 作宾补。动+宾+宾语补足语（让语意补充完整） ○。（识别宾补策略：to 前的人或物是to后动作的执行者。） I told him to come here early. He wanted me to help him. She asked me to go with her. I’ll teach him to swim.

5 作名词或代词的后置定语，对前面名/代起修饰作用。 ○ （识别后置定语策略：to do sth可译为“……的”） I think running is the best way to keep healthy. 我认为跑步是保持健康的最好的方式。 I have nothing to say. 我无话可说。（我没有要说的事情。） g3. ill与sick译为“生病的”区别。

1 ill一般在be, get, fall等系动词后作表语。 ○ She was ill for days. Tom fell ill yesterday.

2 sick一般在名词前作定语。 ○ Let’s help the sick children. He’ll look after his sick sister. g4. 动词短语归纳。

1 不及物动词 + 介词 = 及物动词。后跟宾语。 ○

look at, look after, look for, look through, listen to, come into, talk about, talk with/to, take after, live in, arrive in/at, get to, hear from, get into, depend on(依靠), agree with, care for, come up with, worry about, think of, work on(从事), walk past,

g5. g6. g7. g8.

go down(沿着……走), swim across, ……

2 不及物动词 + 副词，此时后面不能跟宾语。 ○

stand up, sit down, come in, go out, go by, run away, get up, get back(返回), get off, get on, work on(继续工作), fall down, go off, go away, lie down, break down(倒塌), wake up(醒来), run out, go down(向下走), look up(向上看), take off(起飞), … 3 及物动词 + 副词，宾语若是代词，只在副词前，若是名词，○ 可在副词前也可在后。

cut up, cut down, cut out, hand in, hand out, make up, give out, give away, give up, break down(损毁), turn down, turn up, turn off, turn on, eat up, sell out, wake up(弄醒), get back(取回), cheer up, try out, try on, call up, work out, help out, put on, put off, put away, put up, put down, put out, pick up, use up, take away, take out, take off(脱下), let down, clean up, write down, …… used部分用法。

1 人+be used to + 名/代/动ing. (to是介词). ○

“习惯于（做）某事”。

She is used to a quiet life. 她习惯于安静的生活。 We are used to staying up late. 我们习惯熬夜了。 2 人/ 物 + used to + 动原， ○

“曾经做某事；过去常做某事”。

He used to be a history teacher. 他曾经当过历史老师。 There used to be a hotel here. 这儿曾经有个旅馆。 I used to stay up late. 我过去常熬夜很晚。

Did you use to read aloud? 你过去常大声读书吗？ so与such区别。

1 so是副词，“如此地”，后跟形/副原级。 ○

so lazy, so lucky, so angrily, so fast

2 such是形容词，“如此的”, 后跟名词短语。 ○

such a boy, such bad news, such fun (可无形容词) (不可数，无冠词) such a lazy girl, such tall trees, such clever girls (可数单数，有a/an) (可数复数，无a/an)

3 若有many, much, few, little等时，名词短语前用so. ○

so many trees / much news / little water / few friends 4 so / such还可与that从句连用，“如此……以致……” ○

此句型中so与such后面内容仍遵循上述用法。（参照Unit 1, g10.）表数量的词或短语归纳。

1 有些词只跟可数名词复数： ○

many, several, a few, few, a number of(许多的，大量的), quite a few(相当多的)，等。 2 有些词只跟不可数名词。 ○

much, a little, little, a piece of, a bit of(一点), quite a little (相当多的)，等。

3 有些词既可跟可复，又可跟不可数。 ○

all, some, lots of(=a lot of), more, most, plenty of(大量的), none, any, no, 等。

some也可跟可数单数，译为“某个”。 every与each区别。

1 every是形容词，“每一个的”，后紧跟名词单数。 ○

因是形容词，后不可有of短语。

强调整体，构成的短语若作主语，谓语用单数。 Every boy has at least one ticket. Every day is OK.

2 each既是形也是代，“每一个；每个的”。强调个体。 ○

构成的短语若作主语，谓语用单数。常见结构：  后加名词单数：

Each boy has his own seat. 每个男孩儿都有他自己的座位。  后加of+限定词+可复：

Each of us owns a house. 我们每个人都拥有一个房子。 Each of the boys has a hobby. 每个男孩儿都有一个爱好。  作同位语：

We each have our own seats. (谓语形式看each前的主语。)

g9. lonely与alone区别。

1 lonely, 只作形容词，和心理感受有关。 ○

 在系动词后作表语，“孤独的；寂寞的” Tom is lonely. I feel very lonely.  在名词前作定语，“偏远的；荒凉的” a lonely village the lonely street

2 alone, 可作形容词，也可作副词。和心理感受无关。 ○ “单独的（地）；独自的（地）”。

 作形容词时，在系动词后作表语，不可作定语。 Tom is alone. 汤姆独自生活。  作副词时修饰动词，常在句尾。 He is working alone. 他一个人工作。 Do it alone. 独自做它 / 自己做它。

g10. stop用法。

1 名词，“车站；停留” ○ at the bus stop, 在车站 He slowed the car almost to a stop. 他放慢车速，车几乎停了下来。

2 动词，“停止；阻止”， ○ stop the car拦着那辆车 The car stopped. 车停了下来。常见三个短语：

 stop doing sth, 停止原来正在做的事 She stopped reading and closed the book. 她停止阅读，合上了书。

The doctor told me to stop smoking at once. 医生告诉我要立即停止抽烟（戒烟）。

 stop to do sth, 停下来（某件事）接着做另一件事 Linda was tired, so she stopped to have a rest. 琳达累了，因此就停下来休息一下。 The phone rang, and I stopped to answer it. 电话响了，我就停下来去接电话。  stop sb/sth (from) doing sth, 阻止……做某事

We stopped him (from) swimming in the river. g11. 动词过去分词与动词ing作定语区别。相同：都可作前置定语和后置定语，都是非谓语动词。不同：前者表被动或已发生；后者表功能属性或正在进行。

1 动过分只有一个词时常作前置定语： ○ the killed man 一个被杀的人 a fallen tree 一棵倒下的树动过分短语（超过一个词）时多作后置定语： the novel written by Mo Yan 被莫言写的小说 a book bought yesterday 一本昨天被买的书 a boy named Tom 一个被叫做汤姆的男孩

2 动ing只有一个词时常作前置定语： ○ a flying kite 一个飞行的风筝（正在发生） the running star 跑步明星（属性） the running dog 正在跑的狗（正在发生） waiting room 候车室/候诊室（功能）动ing短语（超过一个词）时多作后置定语： a kite flying in the sky 一个在天上飞的风筝 a boy wearing a red coat 一个穿着红外套的男孩 p1. do the dishes 洗餐具 17

p2. take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 17 p3. fold the clothes 叠衣服 17 p4. sweep the floor 扫地 17 p5. make your bed 铺床 17

p6. clean the living room 打扫起居室 17 p7. go out for dinner 出去吃饭 18 p8. go to the movies去看电影 18 p9. stay out late 在外面呆得太晚 18

p10. get a ride 搭车 18

p11. help out with sth 帮助解决某事 18 p12. finish doing sth 做完某事 18

p13. be enough for sb 对某人足够了 18 p14. be back from shopping 购物回来 18 p15. any minute now 随时，马上 18

p16. pretty clean and tidy 相当干净整洁 18 p17. welcome sb 欢迎某人 19

p18. come home from school/work 19 放学回家/下班回家

p19. throw down sth 扔下某物 19

p20. take the dog for a walk 带狗去散步（遛狗） 19 p21. all the time 一直，反复 19

P22. all + day/morning/evening/night 19

整天 /整个早上/整个晚上/整夜（all后无the） p23. shout back 大声回击，回喊 19 p24. walk away 走开 19

p25. the next day, 第二天 19

p26. in surprise 吃惊的（地） 19 He looked at me in surprise. 他吃惊地看着我。 p27. share sth with sb 和某人分享某物 19 p28. as soon as 一……就……（见g5） 19

p29. pass sb sth = pass sth to sb 把某物递给某人 20 (sth是代词时不可用前者, 见g6)

p30. lend sb sth = lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人 20 p31. borrow sth from sb 从某人处借某物 20

p32. try not to get it wet 尽量不让它弄湿 20 （见g6） P33. these days, 现在，如今 22

P34 a waste of time 浪费时间（名词短语）22

P35. spend…on sth/ (in) doing sth 22 花费…做某事注意：spend time with sb 和某人共度时光 P36. in order (not) to do sth 为了（不）做某事 22 He got up very early in order to catch the bus. 他起床很早为了赶上公交车。 He did it carefully in order not to make mistakes. 为了不犯错误，他认真地做这事。

P37. provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb 22 为某人提供某物

P38. mind (not) doing sth 介意（不）做某事 22 P39. depend on 依赖，依靠 22

P40. develop children’s independence 22 培养孩子的独立性

P41. teach sb (how) to do sth/learn (how) to do sth 22 教某人做某事 / 学习做某事

P42. look after 照顾 = take care of = care for 22 P43. do one’s part (in sth/ doing sth) 22 尽自己的职责（做某事）

P44. keep it clean and tidy 保持它干净整洁 22 P45. as a result, 结果是, 22 P46. fall ill 病倒 22

========================================================= s1. Could you please sweep the floor? 17 请你扫下地好吗？（见g1） Yes, sure. 当然可以。/ No problem. 没问题。 I’m afraid I can’t. 恐怕不能。

s2. What do you want me to do? 你想让我做什么？18 s3. Could we get sth to drink?我们能弄点吃的吗？ 20 s4. That should be OK. 这应该没问题。20

s5. Here you are. = Here it is. 给你（这个东西）。20 s6. There is no need (for sb) to do sth 22 没有必要（让某人）做某事

s7. the earlier …, the better … 22 “……越早，……越好”

“the+比较级＋…，the+比较级＋…”,

======================================================== g1. Could you please …? “请你……好吗？”与please “请” 用法。相同点：都跟动词原形。 Could you please give me a ride? 请你送我一程好吗？ Please close the door. 请关上门。不同点：用于否定句，后面接的否定形式不同。

1 Could you please not laugh at him? 请你不要嘲笑他好吗？ ○ (could you please + not + 动原)

2 Please don’t laugh at him. 请不要嘲笑他。 ○ (please + don’t + 动原) g2. 数量表整体的用法。数+名复，若指整体（当作一个“量”来看待），谓语用单数。 Two hours of TV is enough for you. 看两个小时电视对你来说足够了。 Five months sounds like a long time. 五个月听起来像是个漫长时间。 g3. get部分用法。

1 系动，后加形，“变得……”： ○ It’s getting colder and colder. 天变得越来越冷了。 She got angry. 她生气了。

2 get + 宾 + 形(宾语补足语) “使处于……状态” ○ Please get your desk clean. 请把你的桌子弄干净。 We must get everything ready. 我们必须准备好一切。

3 get + 宾 + 动过分，表被动，“使……被……”。 ○ I will get my car fixed. 我将让我的车被修理（让人修车）。

4 get + 动过分。表被动或已发生。 ○ We got married last year. 我们去年结的婚。 She fell off her bike and got hurt. 她跌落自行车并受了伤。

5 get sb to do sth, “让某人做某事”。表主动。 ○ Please get Tom to clean is room. 请让汤姆打扫一下房间。 Get her to do the dishes. 让她洗餐具。 g4. neither用法。

1 neither of + 限定词+可复，“两者中没有一个” ○ 此结构作主语时，谓语用单数。 Neither of you ______(be) hard-working. Neither of the ________(boy) ________(like) music. I like neither of the ____________(child).

2 neither + 可数名词单数，“两者中没有一个……”， ○ 此结构作主语时，谓语用单数。 Neither _______(boy) _______(want) to go out.

3 neither … nor …, “既不……也不……；……和……都不……”， ○ 接平行结构。此短语若作主语，谓语遵循就近原则。 He is neither a teacher nor a doctor. （接名词短语）他既不是老师也不是医生。 He speaks neither English nor French. （接名词）他既不说英语也不说法语。 Ann is neither clever nor hard-working. （接形容词）安既不聪明也不勤奋。 John neither works nor studies. （接动词）约翰既不工作也不学习。 Neither I nor Ann ______(be) free now. （就近原则）

4 neither + be/情动/助动+主语 = nor + be/情动/助动+主语， ○ “……也不……”。表一个对象不……，另一个对象也不……。

 – I can’t swim. – Neither can I.（我也不会游泳。）  Peter isn’t polite. Neither is his son.（他儿子也不礼貌。）  Tom doesn’t like art, nor does John.（约翰也不喜欢。）

1 is; boys; likes; children ○2 boy; wants ○3 is Keys: ○

g5. as soon as用法。（更多用法见Unit 7, g8.）用法： “一……就……”，接时间状语从句，遵循十六字原则：

主将从现，主祈从现，主现从现，主过从过。举例： I will see you as soon as I arrive. 我一到就会见你。 She turned on the TV as soon as she got home. 她一到家就打开电视。

g6. g7.

g8. g9. g10. g11. 5 Test: 用所给词的适当形式填空。

1. He’ll help you as soon as he _________(come) back. 2. Let’s dance as soon as we ________(finish) our work. 3. Lucy cried as soon as she _______(see) her mother. 4. I __________(visit) my cousin as soon as I get there. Keys: 1. comes; 2. finish; 3. saw; 4. will visit

注意：遵循此原则的常有if，unless, when, as, as soon as, before, after, until, till等。 try的否定句的不同表达。

1 not try to do sth 不要/别想做某事。e.g. ○

Don’t try to make her angry. 不要让她生气。 We don’t try to give it up. 我们不要想着放弃它。 2 try not to do sth 尽量不要做某事。e.g. ○

Try not to make mistakes. 尽量不要犯错误。

He tried not to cry, but he failed. 他尽量不哭，但没做到。双宾结构：动词+sb+sth.

 目前已知常见可接双宾结构的动词有： show, give, tell, ask（问），send（送），lend（借出）， teach, pass（传递），bring, buy, build, promise（许诺），…  以上有些双宾常可改为：动词+sth to sb. “做……给某人”

但buy, build等需加sth for sb. “为某人做……”

Please pass me some salt. = Please pass some salt to me. He sent me a watch. = He sent a watch to me.

Could you buy me a ruler? = Could you buy a ruler for me?  若以上动词后面跟的sth是代词，则不可用双宾结构： give me it give it to me buy Sue them buy them for Sue 两个“借”的区别。

1 borrow, “借入”, 看主语， ○

把东西从别处借到主语这里（往里借）常有短语：borrow sth from sb 2 lend, “借出”, 看主语， ○

把东西从主语处借到别处（往外借）常有短语：lend sb sth = lend sth to sb

Test: 1. – May I __________ your dictionary? – Sure. But don’t __________ it to others. 2. – Could you __________ me a ruler? – Sorry. Tom __________ it just now. 3. – Could you __________ your ruler to me? – Sorry. I __________ Tom my ruler five minutes ago. Keys: 1. borrow; lend; 2. lend; borrowed; 3. lend; lent part作名词时的常见短语。（作动词时见Unit 10, g3.） 1 play a part in (doing) sth 在（做）某事上发挥作用 ○

2 take part in (doing) sth 参与（做）某事，参加……活动 ○

3 do one’s part in (doing) sth 在（做）某事上尽责 ○

while用法。

1 译为“在…时；当…的时候”（表示时间段）○（另见Unit 5, g6.） Tom is reading while Mary is cooking. 当玛丽在做饭时汤姆正在读书。 I played the violin while mom stood by. 我拉着小提琴，在这时妈妈站在旁边。

2 译为“然而”，从句中的人或事与主句中的作对比。 ○

This one is free, while that one costs much. 这个免费，而那个价钱不菲。

Tom is weak, while his sister is healthy. 汤姆身体弱，而他的姐姐是健康的。三个“因为”的区别。

1 because, 结构： Because…, … 或 … (,) because … ○

引出未知理由，或回答why问句，侧重从句。 I was sad because my dog died.

Because his bike broke, he come late.

– Why are you sad? – Because my dog died.

2 since, 结构：Since …, … (记成：既然……；由于……) ○

Since everyone is here, let’s start. 既然大家都在这儿，咱们就开始吧。

3 for, 结构：…, for … 表示附加或推断的理由，侧重主句。 ○

The book may be Ann’s, for her name is on it. 这本书可能是安的，因为她的名字在上面。

She didn’t come, for she was ill. 她没来，因为她病了。

p1. get enough sleep 得到足够睡眠 25

p2. allow sb to do sth = allow doing sth 允许做某事 25 p3. after-school classes 课外辅导班 25

p4. get into a fight with sb 和某人吵架/打架 25 P5. write sb a letter 给某人写信 26 (= write a letter to sb = write to sb) p6. wait that / so long 等得如此久 26 p7. surprise sb 使某人惊讶 26

p8. be good at 擅长 = be strong in 26

p9. talk about it on the phone 电话上谈论此事 26 (on+媒介，“通过……”)

P10. find…doing sth发现…正在做某事 26

P11. give sth ↔ back (to sb) 归还某物(给某人) 26 P12. tell sb (not) to do sth 告诉某人(不要)做某事 26 P13. forget about … 忘记有关…的事 26

p14. get on (well) with … = get along (well) with … 27

(with接人时)“和……相处得好”； (with接物时)“…事进展顺利”

p15. argue with sb 和某人争吵 / 争论 27 = have an argument with sb （argue去e加ment是名词） p16. refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事 27

p17. offer sb sth = offer sth to sb 给某人提供某物 27 offer to do sth (主动)表示愿意做某事；提议做某事 p18. so that 以便，以致于（见Unit 1, g9） 27 p19. make sth clear 让某事清楚，弄明白某事 27 后接名词或从句： You must make clear where he lives. 弄清他在哪儿 I have to make clear her age. 我得弄清她的年龄。 Please make clear that he should be polite to others. 请明白告诉他，他应该对别人有礼貌。 p20. look through 浏览 27

p21. explain sth to sb 向某人解释某事 27

p22. without (doing) anything 没（做）任何事 28

p23. make you angry使你生气28（make +宾＋动原/形） It made me sad(形). It made me cry(动原). p24. next time 下一次 28

p25. be worried about = worry about 对…担心 28 p26. copy others’ homework 抄别人的作业 28 p27. be afraid of sth/doing sth 害怕做某事 28 p28. in front of people 在人们面前 28 in front of, 在外部的前面;

in the front of, 在内部的前面

p29. play/do sports 做运动 29 （= do / take exercise） p30. hang out with friends 和朋友闲逛 29

p31. give me a lot of pressure 给我很多压力 29 p32. have a fight with sb 和某人打架 / 吵架 29 p33. compete with sb 和某人竞争 29 p34. be angry with sb 生某人的气 29 p35. each other 彼此，互相（见g10）29

p36. take after-school classes 上课外辅导课 30

p37. get into a good high school/ university上个好高中 / 好大学 30 p38. the Taylors 泰勒一家人 30

此种结构作主语时，谓语用复数：

The Greens are going to visit China next week. 格林一家人下周打算游览中国。

p39. basketball practice/ training 篮球练习/训练 30

p40. cut out a few activities 删除一些活动 30 p41. continue doing / to do sth 持续做某事 30 p42. get older 变老/长大 30

p43. all kinds of classes/flowers 各种各样的课/花 30 p44. compare … with /to … 把…和…作比较 30 p45. push sb so hard 逼某人如此紧 30

p46. be good for one’s development利于某人的发展30 p47. cause a lot of stress 导致/引起很多压力 30 p48. keep (on) doing sth一直/坚持/继续做某事 30 p49. in my opinion, 依我来看，（用于表达观点）32 p50. on the weekend 在周末 32

========================================================= s1. What’s wrong (with you)? 哪不舒服? /怎么啦? 25 s2. Why don’t you talk to your parents? 25 为何不找你父母谈谈呢？

s3. What should I do? 我该怎么办？26

s4. It’s not a big deal. 这没什么大不了的。26 s5. You’re right. 你说得对。26

s6. Thanks for your advice. 谢谢你的建议。 s7. No problems. 没问题；别客气。26 应答感谢（相当于: You are welcome./That’s all right）或应答道歉（相当于: Not at all. /That’s all right）。 s8. Hope things work out. 希望事情解决(会好起来)。26 s9. It’s not easy being your age. 26

依你这个年龄，做这事可不容易啊。

s10. I don’t think that’s fair. 我认为这不公平。 27 s11. It’s time for homework.该到做作业的时间了。30

========================================================= g1. 表请求或建议的归纳。

 Could you please + 动原？ “请你……好吗？” Could / Can ... + 动原？ “……能……吗？”

Shall I/ Shall we / May I +动原？ “我/我们可以……吗？” What about / How about +动ing / 名词？ “……怎么样？” Why don’t you / Why not + 动原？ “为何不……呢？”

Let’s / Let us/ Let me/ Let Tom … + 动原. “让……做某事。” You could / You should + 动原. “你可以/你应该……” Would you like (to do) sth? “你想要（做）...... 吗？” Do you mind + 名 / 动ing? “你介意……吗？”  注意：表请求或建议的疑问句一般用some而非any. Can I ask you some questions? Would you like some tea? How about having some tea? Why not have some milk?

g2. mind用法。

1 名词，“头脑；心思；精神；意志；念头；思想；……” ○ change my mind, 改变我的主意 in her mind, 在她脑海中

2 动词，“介意；反对；注意”，后加名 / 动ing / 从句。 ○ He doesn’t mind the cold weather. 他不介意寒冷天气。 Mind your head. 小心碰头。Mind your step. 注意脚下。 Do you mind giving me some money? 你介意给些钱吗？ Would you mind not sitting here? 请你不坐这儿好吗？ Do you mind my / me opening the door? 你介意我开门吗？ Do you mind if I ask you a question? 你介意我问你问题吗？ g3. return用法。

1 译为 “归还”，是及物动词。return sth = give sth back. ○ You should return the book in time. 你应及时归还这本书。 Please return the bike to Tom soon. 请赶快把车还给汤姆。

2 译为“返回”，是不及物。return = go / get / come back. ○ 可单独使用。跟地点时前有介词to/from. return to Beijing 返回到北京 return from Wuhan 从武汉返回 When will you return? 你将在什么时候返回？ return本身就有“回”的意思，故后面不可再跟back. g4. get back用法。

g5.

g6.

g7.

g8. g9.

He got back from Beijing. 他从北京回来了。= He returned from Beijing.

Tina got back to work. 蒂娜回来工作了。= Tina returned to work.

2 译为“讨回；取回”，及物，get sth back ○

get it back, get back the ruler = get the ruler back whatever及相似形式的词的用法。

 whatever译为“无论什么；任何……的事” = no matter what Whatever you do, don’t let me down. 无论你做什么，都不要让我失望。 Whatever happens, I’ll never give up. 无论发生什么事，我都不会放弃。 He is good at whatever he does. 他擅长任何所做的事。

We’ll love you whatever happens. 无论发生什么，我们都将爱你。  其它类似形式：

whoever = no matter who; wherever = no matter where; whichever = no matter which; whenever = no matter when; however = no matter how 两个“不再”的用法。

 not … any longer = no longer

多指本次不再发生，以后也不会再次发生。  not … any more(anymore) = no more

多指本次不再发生，但以后可能再次发生。注：观察以下句子结构，学会模仿。

She isn’t young any longer. 她不再年轻了。

= She is young no longer. = She is no longer young. She didn’t cry anymore. 她不再哭了。 = She cried no more. = She no more cried.

She can’t walk any longer. 她不能再会走路了。 = She can walk no longer. = She can no longer walk. 两个“代替”的用法。

1 instead是副词，不可作谓语，有两种情况： ○

 单独使用，译为“代替的是”，在句首或句末。 He didn’t call her, instead, he sent her an e-mail. 他没有给她打电话，代替的是，他发了个伊妹儿。 I didn’t do homework. I watched TV instead. 我没做作业。代替的是，我看了电视。 She didn’t have rice. She had noodles instead. 她没吃米饭。代替的是，她吃了面条。

 instead of + 名/代/动ing, “代替……；而不是……”。 He sent her an e-mail, instead of calling her. I watched TV instead of doing homework. She had noodles instead of rice. 2 take sb’s place = take the place of sb. ○

动词短语，“代替某人（的职位等）”。

Maybe Mary will take Tom’s place. 也许玛丽将代替汤姆。 = Maybe Mary will take the place of Tom.

Nobody can take your place. 没有人将取代你的位置。 = Nobody can take the place of you. afraid 三结构。

1 be afraid of (doing) sth “害怕（做）某事”。 ○

Are you afraid of being alone? 你害怕独处吗？ I’m afraid of the dark. 我怕黑。 2 be afraid to do sth “害怕做某事”。 ○

I’m afraid to speak in front of our class. 我怕在班级前发言。 3 be afraid + that从句， “恐怕……”。 ○

I’m afraid that he made a mistake. 两个“忘”的区别。

1 leave, “忘；丢下”, 后跟地点。 ○

I left my keys in the car. 我把钥匙忘在车里了。

Did you leave your bag there? 你把包丢在那儿了吗？ 2 forget, “忘；落下”, 后无地点。 ○

g10. g11.

I forgot his name. 我忘了他的名字。

Anna often forgets things. 安娜常忘东西。

each other (= one another)，译为 “彼此；互相” 用法。 1 常在介词或动词后作宾语。 ○

We often help each other /one another. 我们常互相帮助。 They know each other very well. 他们彼此很熟。

2 若表达“彼此的……；互相的……”，先加 ’s, 再加名词。 ○

可数名词时，常用复数。

We took each other’s bags by mistake. 我们错拿了彼此的书包。

They tasted each other’s food. 他们品尝了彼此的食物。 talk, speak, say, tell的区别。

1 talk, “谈话；谈论；交谈”, 不及物。 ○

Don’t talk. “不要说话。”（不及物可单独使用） talk about sth “谈论某事”

talk with sb “和某人交谈” （互相，双向） talk to sb “找某人交谈” （单向） 2 speak, “说话；通话；说；演讲；讲话” ○

 “说话”，不及物，表说话的能力。

He can’t speak any more. 他不能再说话了。

 “通话”，后加to sb. 和某人通话；和某人说话。 May I speak to Tom? 我可以和汤姆通话吗？  “说”, 及物动词，后只加语言。 Please speak English. 请说英语。

Do you speak Chinese? 你说中文吗？  “演讲；讲话”, 不及物

Who will speak next? 接下来谁要讲话？ 3 say, “说”，要有说的内容。 ○ Say it in English. 用英语说它。 I have nothing to say. 我没什么要说。 “You’re lucky,” she said. “你真幸运。” 她说。 What will you say? 你要说什么？

4 tell, “告诉；讲”，常作及物动词。 ○ tell sb sth = tell sth to sb 把某事告诉给某人 tell sb (not) to do sth 告诉某人（不要）做某事 tell (sb) a joke / a lie / a story （给…）讲笑话；撒谎；讲故事 g12. It’s time 三句型。

1 It’s time for sth. 该到某事的时间了。 ○ It’s time for lunch / for class / for a rest. 该到午饭/ 上课/ 休息的时间了。

2 It’s time to do sth. 该到做某事的时间了。 ○ It’s time to practice the guitar. 该到练习吉它的时间了。

3 It’s time for sb to do sth. 该到某人做某事的时间了。 ○ It’s time for us to have a rest. 该到我们休息的时间了。 g13. It’s +形 + of sb to do sth. 与It’s +形 + for sb to do sth. 区别。

1 若形容词在修饰人（sb） ○，则用前者。例： It’s kind of you to help others. 你能帮别人真太好了。（在说“你”好，kind在修饰人。）注：类似形容词有：polite, rude, nice, foolish, smart, clever, lazy, 等。

2 若形容词在修饰事（to do sth） ○，用后者。例： It’s necessary for you to take notes in class. 你课堂上做笔记是有必要的。（指做笔记有必要，修饰事。）注：类似形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, impossible, important, dangerous, 等。 g14. another, more, other与数词连用。

g15. 2 数量+more+名词， “另外的多少……” ○

some more meat, 另外的一些肉 a lot more food, 另外的很多食物 much more water, 另外的许多水 one more student, 另一个学生 five more people, 另五个人

many more toys, 另外的许多玩具 3 数量+other+名词，“另外的多少……” ○

some other news, 另外一些消息 two other cities, 另外两个城市 a few other trees, 另外的一些树

the other +数词+名词，“另外的多少……” the other two days, 另外两天

the other five buildings, 另外五个建筑部分介词与连词区别。

介词：一般后加名词、代词或V-Ing。连词：一般后加句子。 before, after等词既可作介词，也可作连词。

另外，when, while等作连词时可用于省略表达。也相当于接动词ing形式。

Test: 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 1. He takes a walk before he ____________(go) to bed. 2. He takes a walk before _____________(go) to bed. 3. Can you come after you ______________(arrive)? 4. Can you come after ______________(arrive)? 5. When he was cooking , he cut his hand. = When _____________, he cut his hand. 6. Linda lost her wallet while she was shopping. = Linda lost her wallet while ____________. Keys:

1.goes 2.going 3.arrive 4.arriving 5.cooking 6.shopping

p24. p25. p26. p27. p28. p29. p30. P31. p32. P33. P34. P35. P36. P37. P38. p39.

Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came? p1. on the street 在街上 33 (=in the street) （见g2） p2. wait for the bus 等公交车 33 p3. look for寻找 34 （见g5） p4. be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 34 be busy with sth 忙于某事 p5. rain heavily 下大雨 34

p6. miss / catch the bus 错过 / 赶上公交车 34 p7. at the time of the rainstorm 在暴风雨的时候 34 P8. take a hot shower 洗个热水澡 34

P9. at this time yesterday 在昨天这个时候 34 P10. pick up 捡起，抓起，接电话 34 p11. at that time 在那个时刻 34 p12. so many times 这么多次 34

p13. need help with my homework 需要帮我做作业 34 need help with sth = need to help with sth 前者help是名词；后者help是动词。 p14. outside his home 在他家外面 35

p15. with no light = without any light (由于)没有光亮 35 p16. feel like 感觉像；想要 35

p17. a heavy rain/rainstorm 一场大雨/一场暴风雨 35 p18. in the area 在该地区 35

p19. in the neighborhood 在附近 35

p20. make sure 确保，保证 35 （见g6）

p21. beat against sth 打在某物上，拍打着某物 35 against，介词，“反对, 对抗” Our school had a match against No. 93 Middle School. 我们学校和九十三中进行了一次对抗赛。 I’m against building a zoo in our city. 我反对在我们城市建动物园。 p22. play a card game 玩纸牌游戏 35 又如：play cards 玩纸牌

p23. at first 起先 (first, 首先) 35

He was happy at first, but later he got angry. 他起先很开心，但后来生气了。 fall asleep 入睡；睡着了 35

(fall, 系动，后跟形。又如：fall ill，生病) die down 减弱，逐渐平息 35

The wind was dying down. 风势正在减弱。 in a mess 一团糟 ( His room is in a mess. ) 35 fallen trees倒下的树 35 broken windows 损坏的窗户

(动过分作定语，表被动或已发生) break sth ↔ apart 分裂/分离某物 35 bring … closer together 35

把…拉在一起更近了; 拉近… 的距离

what other things = what else还有别的什么东西35 (else后无名词, other后有名词)

help each other 互相帮助 35（见Unit 4, g10） in times of difficulty 在困难的时候 35 right away = at once 立刻，马上 36

have a look (at …) = look (at …) 看一看 (…) 36 get to the place of the accident 到达事发地 36 from hitting a tree 由于撞着了一棵树 36 be in bad shape 情况糟糕；健康堪忧 36 the night before 头天夜里 36 by the side of 靠近…旁边 37 at the side of 在…旁边;

on the side of 在…边上；支持

p40. wait for sb. to do sth. 等某人做某事 37 p41. walk by (…) “路过(……)” 37

p42. make one’s way to +地点“(费力地)前往…” 37 P43. on this day 在这一天 38 P44. hear the news 听到该消息 38 P45. on the radio 通过收音机 38

P46. the rest of … 剩余的… 38 （见g9） P47. in silence 沉默的(地); 无声的(地) 38 He looked at me in silence. 他一声不响地看着我。 P48. take down 摧毁，毁掉 38

P49. remember doing sth记住曾经做过某事38 remember to do sth 记住将要做某事 P50. look out of … 向……外看 38

p51. not everyone 不是每一个人38 （不完全否定） p52. get killed = be killed 被杀害 38（见Unit 3, g3.） p53. have trouble (in) doing sth（见Unit 1, g7）38 做某事有困难

p54. be completely shocked 被完全震惊了 38 shock, “使震惊”，后接人； shocked, “感到震惊的”，修饰人； shocking, “令人震惊的”，修饰物

P55. walk home from school 从学校步行回家 40 P56. in the sky 在空中，在天上 40 P57. point out 指出 40

P58. as well 也 40 （见g9） P59. in the sixth grade 在六年级 40 P60. go up 走上去 40

P61. call out 叫出 40 call out his name 喊出他的名字

======================================================== s1. What were you doing when the rainstorm came? 33 当暴风雨来的时候你在干什么？

s2. My alarm didn’t go off so I woke up late. 34 我的闹钟没响，所以我醒来的晚。 s3. You’re kidding! 你在开玩笑吧！37 Are you kidding? 你在开玩笑吧？

g2. g3. g4. g5.

结构：主语 + was / were + 动词ing + 其它。

时间： at that time, at this time yesterday, at the time of …, 等。

还有when, while等从句或主句中，及一些特定语境中也可能用过去进行时。

道路与介词的搭配。

1 表示 “在……街”时，可说 in / on … street ○

Don’t play in / on the street. 不要在大街上玩。 go shopping in / on Dehua Street. 在德化街购物 2 表示“在……路”时，常说 on … road ○

He saw a dog lying on the road. 他看到一条狗躺在路上。 There are many shops on Nanjing Road. 在南京路有许多店。感官动词see, watch, hear, listen to, notice, feel的部分用法。 1 + 宾 + 动原，表全过程： ○

I saw him go out of the park. 我看到他走出了公园。 I heard someone knock at the door three times. He often watches his son practice playing the piano. 2 接动ing时表正在发生： ○

I noticed a boy lying on the ground.

She heard a child shouting for help when she walked by. Can you see a kite flying in the sky? wake up用法。

1 “叫醒；吵醒；弄醒”，及物。wake sb ↔ up ○

The noise woke up the man. 噪声吵醒了这个人。 Please wake me up early. 请早早地叫醒我。 2 “醒来”，不及物，后不可接宾语。 ○

Jim woke up early this morning. 吉姆今天早晨早早就醒了。 be sure与make sure用法。 1 be sure 三结构： ○

 人+be sure of (doing) sth “对（做）某事有把握；相信…”

I’m sure of the news. 我相信这个消息。 He’s sure of winning the game. 他对赢此比赛有把握。

 人 / 物 + be sure to do sth “一定会…；肯定…”

It’s sure to rain. 天一定会下雨。 He’s sure to win. 他一定会赢。 Be sure to come on time. 一定要准时来。 be sure to do sth, 别人认为主语一定会/要怎样。 be sure of doing sth, 主语自认为自己会/要怎样。

 人+be sure +that从句 “确信…；相信…” that可省略。

He’s sure that he will win the game. 他相信他会赢得这个比赛。 I’m sure that he didn’t know the news. 我确信他不知道此消息。【请参照Unit 10, g2了解更多用法。】

2 make sure, “弄清楚；确信；确保”，多用于祈使句中。 ○

 make sure of sth “弄清楚；确认”。

Go and make sure of the time. 去确认一下时间。

 make sure to do sth “确保做某事；保证做某事”。

Make sure to arrive on time. 要保证准时到达。

 make sure + that从句 “保证；确保”。that可省略。 Make sure that you have a ticket. 你要保证有一张票。 Make sure that everything is ready. 确保一切就绪。

g6. when与while“当……的时候”的区别。先看下列句子： While / When he was reading, I was cooking. His parents died while / when he was still at school. He was crying when I saw him. Lily phoned Tom while / when he was reading. When he arrived, I was reading. When I finish my work, I’ll help my dad.

 while “当……时；在……期间；与……同时”，所在从句谓语常是延续性动词。可表示从句中的事发生时，主句中的事也发生了或正在发生。

 when “当……时；在……期间；在……之后”，所在从句谓语可是延续性动词或短暂性动词。可表示从句中的事发生时，主

句中的事也发生了或正在发生；或事件一前一后发生。

Test: 用when与while填空. 1. I was walking past the park __________ it happened. 2. What were you doing __________ she was sleeping? 3. I loved history ___________ I was at school. 4. Call me ___________ you leave. 5. Never talk ____________ you are having meals. Keys: 1. when 2. while/when 3. when/while 4. when 5. while/when g7. true, truly, truth三形式。

1 true是形容词，在系动后作表语，或名词前作定语。 ○ “真实的；真的” His words are true. 他的话是真的。 It’s a true story. 这是个真实的故事。

2 truly是副词，修饰动/形/副/句，“真正地”。= really. ○ He truly loves his son. 他真地爱他的儿子。 He is truly tired. 他真地很累。

3 truth是名词，不可数，“真相；事实” ○ You’re not telling me the truth. 你没有告诉我真相。 To tell the truth, I don’t love art. 说实话，我不喜欢美术。 g8. the rest of用法。结构：the rest of + 限定词 + 可复 / 不可数，“剩余的……” 注意：作主语时，谓语根据of后的名词来决定。 The rest of the students are able to answer the question. 剩余的学生能够回答这个问题。（主复谓复） The rest of my money is used to buy books. 我的余下的钱被用来买书。（主不可数谓单数） g9. 四个“也”的区别。

1 too, 前后都表肯定时，用在句末。 ○too前有或没有逗号。 He’s strong, and I’m strong too. 他很强壮，我也是。 – I want an apple. – Me, too. –我想要个苹果。–我也想。

2 as well, 前后都表肯定时，用在句末。前常无逗号。 ○ Tom can swim and dance as well. 汤姆会游泳，也会跳舞。 – I like music. – I like it as well. – 我喜欢音乐。 – 我也喜欢它。 He’s angry with me, maybe with Jim as well. 他生我的气，也可能生吉姆的气。

3 also, 常在句中，位置：实前be/情/助后。 ○ I have a ruler. I also have a pen. She’s lazy. She’s also foolish. 她是懒惰的。她也是愚蠢的。 She can swim. She can also dance. 她会游泳。她也会跳舞。

4 either, 前后都表否定时，用在句末。 ○ He can’t swim. He can’t dance either. – I don’t like it. – Me either/neither. 我也不喜欢。 He isn’t happy. I am not, either. 他不开心，我也不。 (= He isn’t happy. Neither am I.) (= He isn’t happy. Me either/ Me neither.) p1. all the earth and stone 所有的泥土和石头 41

p2. work on sth / doing sth 从事某事/致力于做某事 42 p3. What do you think about/of …? 你对…怎么看? 42 =How do you like …?

P4. a little bit + 形/副, “稍微…, 有点儿…” 42

P5. keep trying (and never give up) 继续努力（且永不放弃） 42 p6. remind sb of sth 让某人想起某事 42

P7. be able (unable) to do sth （不）能够做某事 43 P8. for the first /second time 第一次/第二次 43 P9. main character 主人公，主要角色 43 P10. in fact 事实上 43

P11. look like 看起来像 (后加名/代) 43 P12. turn … into … 把……变成…… 43 P13. at other times 在别的时候 43

P14. fight (with) bad people 与坏人搏斗，打坏人 43

P15. keep it in his ear 把它存于耳朵内 43 （keep, 存） P16. As soon as the TV program came out, … 43 这个电视节目一经播出，(就……)（见Unit 3, g5）

p17. be / become interested in (doing) sth对（做）某事感兴趣 43 p18. keep fighting to help the weak 坚持战斗，帮助弱者 43 the +形, 表同一类人。作主语时, 谓语用复数。例：the poor穷人; the young年轻人; the sick 病人 p19. a magic stick 一根魔法棒 43

p20. make her do all the chores 让她做所有的杂务活 44 p21. have no time to make a dress for the party 44 没有时间做参加派对的礼服 (have no time = not have any time)

p22. fall in love with sb/sth 爱上某人/某物 44 p23. can’t stop doing sth 不停地做某事 44 p24. get married 结婚 44 （见Unit 3, g3） p25. make himself a human 让他自己成为人 44 human, 指人类（相对于其它物种） make + 宾 + 名词，“使…成为…”

p26. all over the world = around the world遍及（全）世界 44 p27. a fairy tale 一个童话故事 46 p28. plan to do sth 计划做某事 46 = make a plan to do sth或 make plans to do sth p29. the whole family 整个一家人 46

p30. in the moonlight 在月光下(乘着月光) 46 p31. go to sleep 睡觉，睡着（短暂） 46 注意另几个短语： go to bed 上床睡觉 fall asleep 睡着（短暂） be asleep 睡着的（延续） sleep 睡，睡觉（延续） get to sleep 入睡（短暂） p32. not … until … 直到……才…… 46 p33. along the way 沿途 46

p34. shine bright/brightly 闪耀 46 p35. on the ground 在地上 46

p36. find one’s way out 找到某人出去的路 46 p37. follow sb 跟着某人 (Follow me. ) 46 p38. be made of 由……制成 46

p39. learn about sth 了解到某事 47

p40. find one’s way home 找到某人回家的路 47 home“家，在家，到家”此短语home前无to. 另：on one’s way home 在某人回家的路上

p41. show sb the way to school给某人指出去学校的路48 show sb the way home 给某人指出回家的路 p42. the next morning 第二天早晨 48

p43. in his new clothes 穿着他的新衣服 48 （见g12）

========================================================= s1. Don’t worry! 别担心。= Don’t be worried. 46 Don’t worry about … = Don’t be worried about … 别对…担心 s2. Be quiet. 安静。46

s3. Here’s some bread. 给你一些面包。 46 s4. You bad children! 你们这些坏孩子！46 s5. Never mind. 别介意。47

s6. Once upon a time, (= Long, long ago, = A long time ago,) there was a/an … 从前，有一个… 48

========================================================= g1. a bit与a little（一点）区别。 a bit更口语化且语气更弱。两个短语另有以下用法：

1 都可作副词，后加形/副比较级或原级。 ○ That’s a little / a bit strange. 这有点奇怪。 He’s a little better / a bit better now. 他现在好了一点。

2 都可在动词后，相当于名词作宾语。 ○ Please give me a little / a bit. He ate just a little / a bit. 他只吃了一点。

3 也都可作副词，在动词后修饰动词。 ○ Please turn up the TV a little/a bit. 把电视音量调大一点。

g2. g3. g4. g5. g6. g7. 10 4 后都可接不可数名词[U]，用法不同： ○

a little + [U], a bit of + [U],

前者a little是形容词；后者a bit是名词。 a little bread = a bit of bread 一点面包 a little advice = a bit of advice 一点建议

5 还可用 “a little bit (of …)” ，“稍微有点；一点点”。 ○

Could you turn up the TV a little bit? 你能把电视音量稍微调大点吗？

He gave me a little bit of money. 他给了我一点点钱。 remind用法。

1 remind sb (to do sth), 提醒某人（做某事） ○

He may forget it. Please remind him. 他可能会忘这事，提醒他一下。

Can you remind me to pick him up? 你能提醒我去接他吗？ 2 remind sb of sth. 让某人想起某事；提醒某人某事 ○

It reminds me of my childhood. 它让我想起了我的童年。 She reminded him of his daughter. 她让他想起了女儿。 3 remind sb + that从句，“提醒某人……” ○

I often remind myself that working hard is the best way to succeed. 我常提醒自己，努力工作是成功的最好方式。 seem “似乎；好像；看来好像” 用法。

1 后加to do sth, 若是to be, 可省略，seem相当于系动词。 ○

He seems to hate the man. 他好像讨厌这个人。 I seem to hear a voice. 我好像听到说话声。 She seems (to be) busy. 她好似很忙。（跟形容词） He seems (to be) a clever man. 他像一个聪明人。（跟名词） 2 若接从句，seem前常用形式主语it. ○

It seems that it will snow. 看来要下雪了。 It seems that you’re lying. 你好像在撒谎。 3 seem否定句常把否定词前置。 ○

He doesn’t seem to like music. 他看起来不喜欢音乐。 It doesn’t seem easy to do it well. 要做好它好像不容易。 4 seem like + 名/代，“看起来像……”。 ○

He seems like a good man. 他看起来像个好人。 It seems like a good idea. 这看起来像个好主意。 work三短语区别。

1 work for + 团体或人，“为……工作；为……效力”。 ○

He works for a soccer team. 他为一个足球队效力。 I work for a newspaper. 我为一家报社工作。

Zhou Enlai worked for the people. 周恩来为人民工作。 2 work on + 工作的具体内容，“从事……工作；致力于……”。 ○

I work on English teaching. 我从事英语教学工作。

He works on inventing new medicine. 他致力于发明新药。 3 work as + 职业，“担任……；以……身份而工作”。 ○

He works as an English teacher. 他是做英语教师工作的。 Mary used to work as a waiter. 玛丽过去当过招待。 fight用法。

1 可当可数名词。“打架；吵架；战斗” ○

have a fight / get into a fight with sb, 和某人打架/吵架 2 多作不及物动词，“打架；吵架；战斗” (fought, fought) ○

fight with sb 和某人打架/和某人并肩战斗 fight against sb 反抗某人；和某人做斗争 couple用法。

1 “夫妻，一对人”，指人，作主语时谓语用复数。 ○

The couple have no children. 这对夫妻没有孩子。 They are a strange couple. 他们是奇怪的一对。 2 “两个；几个；一两个；两三个”，指物 ○

I have a couple of hundred books. 我有几百本书。 He has a couple of pens. 他有几只钢笔。

He’ll be away for a couple days. 他将离开两三天。 fit的用法。

1 动词，“适合”，指尺寸、大小、形状等适合。物作主语。 ○

The shoes fit me well. 这些鞋子很适合我。

The key doesn’t fit the lock. 这个钥匙适合这把锁。

g8. g9. g10. g11.

2 形容词，“适合的；合适的”，常见短语：be fit for … ○

I‘m not fit for the job. 我不适合这份工作。

The water isn’t fit for drinking. 这些水不适合饮用。 3 形容词，“健康的”。 ○

We should take exercise to keep fit. 我们应该锻炼来保持健康。 marry用法。 1 “（男）娶；○（女）嫁；与……结婚”，及物，短暂动词。 Tom married Mary last year. 汤姆去年娶了玛丽。 Mary married Tom last year. 玛丽去年嫁给了汤姆。 2 be married to sb = marry sb, 翻译同○1。 ○

Tom was married to Mary. Mary was married to Tom. 3 be married, “……结了婚”, 延续性。 ○

They have been married for two years. 他们结婚两年了。 She has been married since 2008. 她从2008年就结婚了。 4 get married, “……结了婚”，短暂性。 ○

They got married last year. 他们去年结了婚。

Tom got married two weeks ago. 汤姆两周前结的婚。 inside与outside用法。

1 都可作介词，后接地点。“在……里面/外面”。 ○

Let’s play inside / outside our house. 让我们在房子里/外玩吧。

2 都可作副词，不接地点。“在里边/在外边”。 ○

Please play inside / outside. 请在里面/外面玩。 all与whole的部分用法。（注意下文红字中the的位置） 1 all + 可复/可单/不可数，“所有的；整个的”, ○

= all of + 限定词+可复/不可数

all students = all the students = all of the students 所有学生 all of us / them / you, 我们/他们/你们所有人 all the food = all of the food = all food 所有食物

all the school 整个学校（加可单时，译为“整个”） 2 whole, “所有的；整个的”： ○

the whole school 整个学校

a whole piece of meat 一整块儿肉 my whole body 我的整个身体 until与till用法。

肯定句中： until/till译为 “直到……为止”，主句谓语用延续性动词。例： Let’s wait until he comes. She slept until her mother came. Jim worked until 11:00 p.m.

否定句中： not … until/till …, “直到……才……”. 主句中谓语常用短暂性动词。例： I won’t leave until I see him. 直到见他我才会离开。

She didn’t wake up until 8:00. 她直到8点才醒。 until/till时态遵行十六字原则。 g12. 几个译为 “穿” 的动词（短语）和介词。

1 put on, “穿上”，+ 物，指行为，短暂性动词。 ○ He put on his jacket and left the house. It’s cold outside. Put on your coat.

2 wear, “穿着”，+ 物，指状态，延续性动词。 ○ Jim is wearing a jacket today. Henry has worn the shirt for two years. I often wear shorts while I’m at home.

3 dress, “给……穿衣”，后接人。 ○ You go first. I have to dress my son. 你先走。我要给儿子穿衣。

4 in, “穿着”, 后接有某种特征的衣服，介词，不作谓语。 ○ The girl in a new skirt is very happy. 那个穿着新裙子的女孩儿很开心。 Do you know the girl in blue? 你认识那个穿着蓝衣服的女孩儿吗？

p1. in the world 在世界上 49

p2. in size, 大小上 49

p3. 1,000 meters deep/high/long 一千米深/高/长 49 (计量表达法见Unit 1, g5.)

p4. than any other mountain 比任何其它山 49 any other 后跟名词单数（有时可用复数） p5. of all the salt lakes 所有咸水湖当中 49

p6. a much longer history 一个长得多的历史 50 p7. mountain climbing 爬山运动 51 （见Unit 1, p38） p8. Of all the mountains, 所有山脉当中，51

p9. take in air 吸入空气 (take in, 吸入，吞入) 51 p10. freezing weather conditions, 极冷的天气状况 51 p11. risk one’s life(lives) 冒着生命危险 51 risk doing sth 冒险做某事

p12. in the face of difficulties 面对困难(之事) 51 have difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困难 difficulty可数,“困难之事”; 不可数,“困难” p13. achieve our dreams实现梦想（见Unit 2, g1）51 p14. the forces of nature 大自然的力量 51 P15. at birth 在出生时 53

P16. up to 达到 (live up to 20 years 活到20岁) 53 P17. weigh 5,000 kilos 重五千公斤 53 p18. panda keepers 熊猫饲养员 54

p19. run over to them 朝他们跑过去 54 p20. with excitement 兴奋地（的）54 p21. walk into sb 撞着某人 54

p22. fall over 跌倒（fall down, 倒下; 坍塌） 54 p23. take care of = look after = care for 照顾 54

p24. around the world = all over the world 遍及世界54 p25. a symbol of China 中国的象征 54

p26. another 300 or so 另外的三百左右 54 p27. one every two years 每两年一个 54 (twice every five days 每三天两次)

p28. die from/of 死于…(die from illnesses 死于疾病) 54 p29. bamboo forests 竹林 54

p30. endangered wild animals 濒临灭绝的野生动物 54 p31. send sb to … 送/派某人去某地 54 p32. tell sb about sth 告诉某人关于某事 54

p33. the importance of (doing) sth (做)某事的重要性 54 p34. try hard to do sth 努力做某事 54

p35. do research to better understand the habits of pandas 做研究来更好地理解熊猫的习性 54

p36. in the future 在将来 (常用于一般将来时) p37. be awake 醒着的；醒来 55 p38. early in the morning 清晨 55

I have to get up early in the morning. 我必须在清早起床。

p39. live for a short time /for a long time活得短 / 长 55 p40. live in the sea 住在海里 55 p41. sea life 海洋生物 55

p42. jump high out of the water 高高地跳出水面 55 p43. whale protection 鲸鱼保护 55 p44. water pollution 水污染 55

p45. learn more about whales了解更多关于鲸鱼的事情 55

======================================================== s1. What is the highest mountain in the world? 49 世界上最高的山是什么？

s2. It’s much older than my country. 50 它比我的国家古老得多。

s3. As you can see 像你能看见的那样， 50 (又如: As you know, 像你知道的那样，) s4. As/So far as I know, 据我所知，

s5. An adult panda weighs many times more than a baby panda. 一只

成年熊猫比熊猫宝宝重很多倍。53

s6. There are fewer than 2,000 pandas living in the forests. 有

少于2,000只熊猫生活在森林里。 54

(There be … doing sth. 有……正在做……) s7. What’s Lin Wei’s job? 林威是做什么的？ 54 问职业的常见句型，以“你是干什么的？”为例： What’s your job? = What do you do? = What are you? s8. What do they look like? 55 他（它）们看起来什么样？

s9. Where do they live?他（它）们住在哪儿？ 55 They live in the sea. 他（它）们住在海里。

s10. How can we protect them? 我们怎样保护它们？ 55

======================================================== g1. 形/副的比较级。两者相比用比较级，常有以下几种情况：

1 出现than时，“……比……更……”。 ○ She is taller than I / I am / me. 她比我更高。 He runs faster than she / she does / her.

2 出现“… or …”结构时。 ○ Which do you like better, tea or coffee? Who is taller, Tom or John?

3 前有even / much / far / a lot时。 ○ He’s getting much better now. 他现在好得多了。

4 出现of the two时，且比较级前加the. ○ Jim is the taller of the two. Of the two toys, Ann bought the cheaper. 安买了较便宜的。 g2. 形/副的最高级。三者或更多相比较时用最高级。

1 用of all / of the three等： ○ Bruce is the tallest of the five. He jumps the highest of all.

2 用于 ~, ~ or ~ 结构： ○ Who is the smartest, Tom, John or Bruce? Which boy works (the) hardest, Tom, Tim or Joe?

3 用于one of后，“最……的……之一”： ○ She is one of the best teachers. 她是最好的老师之一。

4 用于序数词之后： ○ The boy is the second tallest boy in our class.

5 用于in China, in our class等范围或地点的对象时： ○ Mary is the cleverest in her class. 注：形容词的最高级前加the或其它限定词，而副词的最高级前可省略。 g3. 定冠词部分用法。

1 特指：the boy in red, on the wall, …… ○

2 （西洋）乐器前。play the violin ○

3 某些独一无二的东西前：the earth, the sun, … ○

4 方位前：in the east / west / south / north 在东/西/南/北方 ○

5 朝代前：the Ming Dynasty 明朝 ○

6 普通词构成的专有名词前：the Great Wall, the United States ○

7 序数词前：the second week (有其它限定词则无the) ○

8 形/副的最高级前：the tallest boy, run the fastest ○

9 江、河、湖、海、洋前，或沙漠、山脉、岛屿等。 ○ the Changjiang River, the Nile, the Pacific (Ocean), the Sahara, the Yuntai Mountain, …… g4. population用法。

1 问多少人时，如 “中国人口是多少？” 用what提问。 ○ What’s the population of China? 回答：”中国人口超过13亿。” 有以下两种说法： The population of China is over 1.3 billion. = China has a population of over 1.3 billion.

2 汉语“人口多”，用big / large；“人口少”，用small. ○ The population of China is big / large. 中国人口众多。= China has a big / large population. The population of Canada is small. 加拿大人口少。= Canada has a small population.

g5. g6. g7. g8.

12 注：population更多用法见Unit 9, g6.

succeed及其它形式。

succeed, 不及物动词，“成功”。

success, 可数/不可数名词，“成功”。

successful, 形容词，“成功的”，作定语或表语。 successfully, 副词， “成功地”，修饰动词。 Test: 1. Work is the key to __________________. 2. She won’t be happy before she __________________. 3. He has done his work __________________. 4. Tom is a __________________ man. 5. Tom __________________ swam across the river. 6. What’s the secret of your __________________? keys: 1. success; 2. succeeds; 3. successfully; 4. successful; 5. successfully 6. success 部分较难的比较级。

1 “越来越……”：同一形/副比较级+and+比较级。翻译： ○

越来越差 ___________; 越来越年经 ___________; 越来越多 ___________; 越来越少 ___________;

越来越慢(副) ___________; 越来越善解人意___________; 2 “越来越多的”：more and more + 名词。 ○

越来越多的羊___________; 越来越多的雨___________; 3 “越……，越……”：两个the + 比较级分别置于两句开头。 ○

The more you exercise, the healthier you get.

The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you’ll make.

1 worse and worse; younger and younger; keys: ○ more and more; less and less (或fewer and fewer); more and more slowly; more and more understanding

2 more and more sheep; more and more rain ○

倍数与计量用于比较。

1 数词 + times + 形/副比较级 + than …, ○

“比… 重/高/长/大/……多少倍” （time译为“倍”） This tree is twice taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高两倍。

His house is three times bigger than mine. 他的房子比我的大三倍。 2 数词 + times + as … as … ○

“……是……的多少倍重/高/长/大/……” This tree is twice as tall as that one. 这棵树是那棵的两倍高。

His house is three times as big as mine. 他的房子是我的三倍大。

3 数词 + 单位 + 形/副的比较级 + than … ○

“……比……重/高/长/大/……多少公斤/米/公里/岁/……” Yao Ming is two heads taller than me. 姚明比我高两头。 He jumped one meter farther than me. 他跳得比我远一米。 I’m three years older than him. 我比他大了三岁。 as … as …部分短语总结。 1 as long as： ○

 后接条件状语从句，“只要”。

As long as there is life, there is hope. 只要有生命，就有希望。

You can go as long as you finish the work. 只要你完成工作，你就可以去。  后接数词，“长达”。

This bridge is as long as 10 kilometers. 这座桥长达十公里。 2 as soon as： ○

 后接时间状语从句，“一……就……”。

Send me a letter as soon as you arrive so that I won’t worry. 到了就来信，省得我挂念。

 as soon as possible, = as soon as sb can, 尽可能快/早 He got there as soon as possible / he could. 他尽可能快地到了那里。 3 as far as： ○

 接从句，“就 / 据……”

As far as I know, Tom is a great cook. 据我所知，汤姆是个很棒的厨师。

 后跟数量， “（距离）远达……；到……远” He can jump as far as 2.5 meters. 他能跳到2.5米远。

g9. die及其它形式。

1 die, 不及物动词。常见以下短语： ○ die from … 死于（灾难、污染等外部因素） die of … 死于（疾病、悲伤、耻辱等自身因素） die for sth 为……而死（为信仰、正义事业、）

2 dead, 形， ○“死的”，表示已死的状态。 3 dying, 形， ○“快要死的”，但生命尚存。 4 death, 名， ○“死亡；死”。 Test: 1. - Is the dog ________? - Yes. It ________ yesterday. 2. The star ________ young. His ________ makes us sad. 3. Give me a pot of tea. I’m ________ of thirst. 4. Look! The ground is covered with ________ leaves. 5. He is _______. Can we do something to save him? 6. We should face life and _________ bravely. keys: 1.dead; died 2.died; death 3.dying 4.dead 5.dying 6.death

P34. at the end of + 地点/时间点“在……尽头”64

There is a bank at the end of this street. She left Beijing at the end of last month.

P35. not…at all 一点也不……；根本不…… 64

========================================================== s1. Have you read Little Women? 你读过《小妇人》吗？ 58 Yes, I have. 是的，读过。/ No, I haven’t. 不，没读过。 s2. Has Tina read Treasure Island? 蒂娜读过《金银岛》吗？ 58 Yes, she has. 是的，读过。/ No, she hasn’t. 不，没读过。 s3. What’s it like? / What do you think of it? 58 它怎么样？/你对它怎么看？ It’s fantastic. 它好极了。

s4. I’ve already finished reading it! 我已经读完它了！58 s5. What’s it about? 它是关于什么的？ 58

s6. It’s about four sisters growing up. 是关于四姐妹的成长的。58 s7. The book report is due in two weeks. 58 读书报告预计在两周后（上交、完成）。

s8. How long have they been here? 他们在这儿有多久了？ 58 have been in+地点，“已在某地（多久了）” （见g12.）

========================================================== g1. 现在完成时。

结构：have / has + 动词过去分词。“已经…过；已经…了”。 p1. go out to sea 出海 58 否定：haven’t / hasn’t + 动过分。have/has是助动词。 p2. (be) full of … 充满了……；满是…… 58 注意：现在完成时常用于以下三种情况。 p3. the United Kingdom (the UK) 英国 58 1 表过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响或结果。 ○p4. which book to write about要写有关哪一本书的事情 58 Lin Tao has finished his work already. 林涛已完成了工作。 p5. finish sth. / finish doing sth. 完成某事 / 做完某事 58 Have you had lunch? 你吃午饭了吗？ p6. on page 25 在第25页（= on the 25th page）58 2 表过去开始发生，持续到现在的动作或状态。 ○p7. at least 至少 at most 最多 58 Mr. Li has taught English since 1997. p8. hurry up 赶快 58 自从1997年来李老师就教英语了。 p8. arrive on this island 到达这个岛上 59 She has slept for nine hours. 她已睡了九个小时了。 p9. wait for … (to do sth) 等候……（做某事）59 3 表某事刚刚发生。 ○（recently, just, has come to do sth, …） p10. who else 还有其他谁 59 Tom has just returned my bike. 汤姆刚刚还了我的自行车。 p11. not long after that 在那之后不久 59 I have come to return your books. 我是来还你的书的。 p12. one …, the other … (两者中)“一个…，另一个…” 59 g2. 现在完成时与一般过去时的时间区别。 p13. run / fly / go / walk / move towards … 59 1 现在完成时与时间的关系： ○ 朝……方向跑去 / 飞去 / 走去 / 移动  一般与模糊的时间状语连用，或不出现时间状语，意味着 p14. name him Friday 叫他星期五59 （name“叫”，动词）截止到现在某事已完成（故叫“现在完成时”）。 A boy named Tom wants to see you.  常有以下时间表达：for + 时间段；since + 过去的时间点一个（被）叫做汤姆的男孩想见你。或一般时的句子；so far（到目前为止）；ever; never; just; yet; p15. be / become interested in 对…感兴趣 60 already; till / until now; before(单独在句末); in the past / p16. imagine doing sth 想象做某事（的情况） 60 in the last + 时间段（“在最近的……时间里”）；recently等。 p17. can’t wait to do sth 急不可待做某事 60 2 一般过去时与时间的关系： ○ can’t help doing sth 情不自禁做某事  一般过去时常与过去的具体的时间状语连用。强调事情发 can’t stop doing sth 不停地做某事生在过去。 p18. a country music song 一首乡村音乐歌曲 62  常有类似以下的时间状语：yesterday, just now(刚才)， p19. come to / get to realize 逐渐意识到 62 last week, 时间段+ago, in+过去时间点（如in 1980）； p20. (ever) since then, 从那时起，62 （常用于现在完成时） after two days, two days later等。 p21. one day = some day = someday 某一天 62 注：有些时间状语用什么时态，要根据具体的语境来看。可用于将来时，也可用于过去时。如this morning, tonight, now, for, already, 等，可能用于多 p22. modern life 现代生活 62 种时态。 p23. belong to sb 属于某人 62 例： I have finished it now. 我现在已完成它了。 p24. bring sb back to … 带某人回到…… 62 Now I will tell you a story. 现在我要给大家讲个故事。 P25. be kind to each other and trust one another 62 I have already done it. 我已经做过它了。彼此友好，相互信任 (见Unit 4, g10.) Tony is already 80 years old. 托尼已经80岁了。 P26. such as sth/doing sth, 例如…… 62 （见g14） g3. since与for用法。 I like sports, such as, running, swimming, playing tennis and so on.  since + 过去的时间点或一般过去时的句子，“自从……以来”； P27. in life 在生活中 62  for + 时间段，“达到多长时间” P28. the beauty of nature 大自然的美 62 注：以上两结构的主句常用现在完成时。肯定句中主句主语用P29. have / has been to sp, “已经去过某地” 62 延续性动词。否定句中常用短暂性动词。 P30. in American history 在美国历史上 62 对since … / for … 结构提问常用how long …? （how long P31. sing live 现场演唱 62 句谓语也常用延续性动词） P32. look good on sb 穿在某人身上好看 64 问： How long have you worked here? P33. put … down 放下 64 答： I have worked here since 1997.

g4. g5. g6. g7. g8.

g9.

I have worked here since I graduated. I have worked here for over 20 years. hurry部分用法。

1 hurry to do sth, “匆忙做某事”。hurry是动词。 ○

He hurried to tell me the news. 他匆忙来告诉我这个消息。 2 in a hurry, “匆忙地/的”。hurry是名词。 ○ He came back in a hurry. 他匆匆回来。

He is in a hurry to do the work. 他匆忙来做这个工作。 3 in no hurry, “不忙地/的；不急”。 ○ He is in no hurry to get married. 他不急着结婚。 else“另外的；其它的”用法。在不定复合代词、复合副词、疑问词之后。

Was anybody else late today? 今天还有别的人迟到吗？

There’s something else left in the car. 车里还留的有别的东西。 Do you have anything else to say? 你有别的事要说吗？ Who else is in the room? 还有其他谁在房间里？ Where else did you go? 你还去了其它什么地方？ I want to go somewhere else. 我想去其它某个地方。 What else? 还有其它什么？（= What other things?） Anything else? 还有别的事吗？

due的用法。作形容词，“由于；预定；预计”。

1 due to sth “由于某事” = because of sth （to是介词） ○

Your success is due to your talent. 你的成功缘于你的天赋。 He succeeded due to hard work. 他因辛勤工作而成功了。 2 be due to do sth “预计做某事” （带to不定式） ○

He is due to come back in July. 他预计七月份回来。 3 sth + be due + 时间点 / 地点，“预定在……（发生）” ○

The exams are due on June 16th. 考试预定在六月十六日。 His speech is due in the hall. 他的演讲预计在大厅（举行）。 how问句。

1 how much + 不可数（问价钱时可省money） ○

– How much is the skirt? – Three hundred yuan. – How much yogurt shall we need? – Three spoons. 2 how many + 可复 “多少……？” ○

– How many desks do you need? – None. / Three. 3 how long + 长度或时间段 “多长 / 多久” ○

– How long has he stayed here? – Since 2008. / For ten years. 4 how often 对频率提问。 ○

– How often do you exercise? – Once a week. / Hardly ever. 5 how soon 对“in + 时间段”提问，“多久之后”。 ○

– How soon will you finish your work? – In three hours. 6 how far对距离提问。 ○

– How far is it from here?

– it’s 2 hours by bus. /It’s 2 minutes’ walk. / It’s 20 meters away. 国家、国人及语言。

1 England 英国；English英国人(的); 英语(的); 英国的。 ○

He is English. He is an Englishman. He is an English. They are English. They are Englishmen.

2 France 法国；French 法国人(的); 法语(的); 法国的。 ○

1相似。用法和○

3 China 中国；Chinese中国人(的); 汉语(的); 中国的。 ○

He is Chinese. They are Chinese. He is a Chinese. 4 Japan 日本；Japanese日本人(的); 日语(的); 日本的。 ○

3相似。用法和○

5 America美国；American美国人(的); 美国的。 ○

He is (an) American. They are Americans.

5条。下面列举的用法同上文的第○

Italy意大利；Italian ~人(的)；~语(的)；~的。

Canada加拿大；Canadian ~人(的)；~语(的)；~的。 Australia澳大利亚；Australian ~人(的)；~的。 Russia俄国；Russian ~人(的)；俄语(的)；~的。 Germany德国；German ~人(的)；德语(的)；~的。译为“另外的”几类表达的区别。 1 another, “另一个”, 两个用法。1） ○（见Unit 4, g14, ○

g10. g11. g12. g13.

2 the other：又有两个用法。 ○

 + 名词单数，名词有时可省略。指两者中的另一个。 One of Jim’s shoes is big, the other (shoe) is small. 吉姆的一只鞋子是大的，另一只是小的。

 + 名词复数，= the others. 指两部分中的另一部分。 There are five books in my bag. Two books are mine, the other books ( the others) are Tom’s.

我书包里有五本书。两本是我的，另外的是汤姆的。

3 other + 名复 = others. 没the, 泛指，多部分中的另一部分。○ There are many students over there. Some are playing, others (other students) are reading. 一些人在玩，另一些人在读书。三个“到达”。

1 arrive, 不及物，可单独用。~ in +大地点/ ~ at +小地点。 ○

Don’t arrive late. arrive in the town; arrive at the park 2 reach, 及物，需紧跟宾语。 ○

reach Beijing, reach the village, reach the end, reach the door, 一般不常说reach there, reach home

3 get to + 地点（加地点副词时不可有to） ○

get to Beijing, get to the park, get to class get home, get there

abroad及其它类似词用法：都有三含义。

1 abroad (名) “国外；海外；异国”。(副) “在国外；到国外”。 ○

from ~ “来自于海外”（名）；

go ~ 去国外；study ~ 在国外学习；travel ~ 到国外旅行 2 home (名) “家”。 (副) “在家；到家” ○

3 here (名) “这里”。 (副) “在这里；到这里”。 ○

4 there (名) “那里”。 (副) “在那里；到那里”。 ○

5 where (名) “哪里”。 (副) “在哪里；到哪里”。 ○

6 downstairs (名) “楼下”。 (副) “在楼下；到楼下”。 ○

7 upstairs (名) “楼上”。 (副) “在楼上；到楼上”。 ○

have been to, have gone to, have been in三短语的区别。

1 have been to + 地点，“去过某地”（原来去过，现在已回）○。常指出去过某地多少次数/多少地方，或有before, never, ever等。

I’ve been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。 She has never been there before. 她以前从未去过那儿。（无to）

Where have you been? 你去哪儿了？（无to） (此句指的是现在人已回来，问先前去了哪里。) They have been to over ten cities until now. 他们至今已去过十多个城市了。

2 have gone to + 地点，“去了某地”（现在还没回来）○。 - Where is Tom? - He has gone to the library. - 汤姆在哪儿？ - 他去了图书馆了。

Where has he gone? 他去了哪儿了？（无to）

(此句指的是现在人没在这里，去了某个地方还没回来。) 3 have been in + 地点，“已在某地（多久）”。 ○

常有时间段，或how long句中。

She’s been in henghou since two weeks ago. 自从两周前她就已在郑州了。

How long have you been here? （无in）表所属时belong to与be的区别。 1 sth + belong to sb “某物属于某人”。 ○

The book belongs to Mary / me. 这本书属于玛丽/属于我。 This pen doesn’t belong to her. 这个钢笔不属于她。 2 sth + be sb’s “某物是某人的”。 ○

The book is Mary’s / mine / hers. 书是玛丽的/我的/她的。

Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum? p1. at the amusement / at the water park 65

在娱乐场/ 在水上乐园

p2. art/science/space/ history… museum 65 艺术/科学/太空/历史博物馆

p3. lead to color movies 导致彩色电影 66 （见g1）

p4. p5. p6. P7. p8. p9. p10. p11. p12.

learn about 了解 ……66 put up a tent 搭帐蓬 66

put up 搭起，举起，张贴，挂起，建造 camp in the mountains 在山上野营 66

in such a rapid way 以如此快的方式（另见Unit 2, g6.） 67 encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 67 social groups 社会团体 67

make a perfect cup of tea with beautiful tea sets 67 用漂亮的茶具泡一杯完美的茶水 (make tea沏茶；泡茶)

a couple of times 几次（见Unit 6, g6.）68 right now, 现在，此刻 68

（just now, 刚才，现在。 right away = at once, 立刻，马上） p13. a special theme 一个特殊的主题 68 p14. hear of 听说（间接听）（见g3）68 p15. a boat ride 乘船旅游（名词短语）68 p16. take a ride on the boat 乘船兜风 68

p17. several days 几天（several几个，后加可复）68 P18. thousands of 成千上万的（见g6）70 P19. in Southeast Asia 在东南亚 70 P20. take a holiday 度假 70

P21. On the one hand, … On the other hand, … 70 一方面，…。另一方面，…。

P22. three quarters 四分之三；三刻钟 70 a / one quarter 四分之一；一刻钟

P23. an English-speaking country 一个说英语的国家 70 P24. have a problem/difficulty/ trouble doing sth 70 做某事有困难（见Unit 1, g7）

P25. whether … or …, 无论……还是…… 70

P26. during the day(time) = in the day(time) 在白天 70 p27. all year round 全年 70

p28. (be) close to … 离……近 = (be) near to … 70 (be) near …, 在…附近; (be) next to…, 紧挨着… P29. in the past 在过去，（用过去时或现在完成时）72 P30. last time上次，this time 这次，next time 下次 72

========================================================== s1. Have you ever been to the space museum? 65 你曾经去过太空博物馆吗？

Have you ever been there before? 你以前去过那儿吗？ 65 Where have you been? 你去哪儿了？

（have been to见Unit 8, g12）

s2. Where do you want to go? 你想去哪儿？ 65 s3. Me neither. 我也没有。（见Unit 3, g4） 65 s4. How are we going to get there? 66

我们将怎样到那儿？

s5. We can go there by subway. 66

我们可以乘地铁去那儿。

= We can take the subway there.

s6. I’ve never been camping. 我从来没有野营过。66 have/ has been doing sth, 是现在完成进行时，表示“一直都在做某事”如：

I have been teaching English since I came here. 自从我来这儿以来我一直都在教英语。 s7. You should try it! 你应该试试！66

s8. I’m happy to go again. 我很高兴再去。68 人＋be + 形 + to do sth.

I’m sorry to hear that. 听到这事我很难过。 Jim was happy to see her. 吉姆很高兴见到她。

s9. It’s best to do sth. 最好做某事。(best前无the) 71 It’s cold outside. It’s best to wear warm clothes. 外面很冷。最好穿上暖和的衣服。

It’s best to plant trees in spring. 春天种树最好。 s10. What languages do people speak there? 71 那儿的人说什么语言？ Mostly Chinese and English. 主要是汉语和英语。

========================================================== g1. lead部分用法。

1 lead sb into + 地点，“把某人带进……”。 ○ lead sb to + 地点，“把某人带到……”。 I led them into the house. 我把他们领进屋。 He led the guests to the gate. 他把客人带到大门口。

2 lead sb to do sth, “率领某人做某事”。 ○ He is leading us to fight against the bad. 他正带领我们与坏人作斗争。

3 lead to + 地点，“（路或门）通往，达……”； ○ lead to + 状况，“（某事）导致某个结果，致使……”。 This road leads to the park. 这条路通往公园。 Junk food leads to illness easily. 垃圾食品易导致疾病。 g2. invent, invention, inventor三形式。 invent, 动词，“发明”；

invention, 名词，“发明；发明物”； Inventor, 名词，“发明家”。

Test: 1. Tom ___________ a special pen when he was at school. 2. The bike is a great ___________.

3. We call Tom an ___________ because he has __________ many useful ___________.

Keys: 1. invented 2. inventions 3. inventor; invented; inventions g3. hear与hear of区别。

1 hear, “听到”，直接听。 ○ Can you hear me clearly? 你能清楚听到我说吗？ Have you heard the news? 你听过这个消息吗？ I heard a strange sound. 我听到了一个奇怪的声音。

2 hear of, “听说”，间接听（接从句时省略of） ○ Have you heard of Ma Yun? 你听说过马云吗？ I was surprised to hear of his death. 听到他的死我很惊讶。 I heard that he left Beijing last week. 我听说他上周离京了。 g4. if与whether区别。

1 if, “如果；是否”。 ○

 译为“是否”接宾语从句，和whether是近义词。可有if … or not结构，但不可有if or not结构。 Could you tell me if you’ll go to his party? （宾从时态：主句现在时，从句任所需。）

Do you know if he works in Zhengzhou or not? （）你知道他是否在郑州工作吗？

Do you know if or not he works in Zhengzhou? （）  译为“如果”接状语从句（时态：十六字）。 I’ll come if I’m free tomorrow.

2 whether “是否；无论”，都可有whether … or …结构，或 ○ whether or not … 结构，或whether … or not结构。

 译为“是否”接宾语从句，和if是近义词。

Do you know whether he’ll come (or not) tomorrow? 你知道他明天是否会来吗？

I can’t tell whether his words are true or false. 我不能判断他的话是真还是假。 Your eyes are telling me whether or not you are lying. 你的眼睛告诉我你是否在说谎。

 译为“无论”接让步状语从句。

I’ll come whether it’s rainy or windy. 无论下雨还是刮风，我都会来的。 I’ll come whether it’s sunny or not. 不管天气晴朗与否，我都会来。 = I’ll come whether or not it’s sunny.

g5. 分数的表达。口诀：分子用基数；分母用序数；分子大于一，分母用复数。例如：三分之一 “a third 或one third”; 三分之二 “two thirds”; 四分之一 “a fourth, one fourth, a quarter, one quarter; 四分之三 “three fourths 或three quarters”; 15 Copyright by Terry Lee. All Rights Reserved!

g6. g7.

例外： “二分之一；一半” ，常说 “half a / an / the …”. half an hour, half a month, half the class Nearly half the students come from abroad. 将近一半的学生来自国外。

“……又二分之一” 常说 “……and a half”.

例如： one and a half months, = one month and a half 一个半月 two and a half years, = two years and a half 两年半另外：分数结构作主语时，分数后的名词决定谓语单复数。例如： A fourth of the boys play computer games every day. Two thirds of the bread is bad. population更多用法。

population除Unit 7, g4所述用法之外，还有以下用法： 1 population作主语时谓语一般用单数。 ○

The population of Zhengzhou is 9.88 million.

2 若有分数或百分数在population前，谓语常用复数。 ○

A third of the population are old. 人口的三分之一都是老人。

Ten percent of the population are from China. 10%的人来自中国。概数与确数。

1 概数：数量不精确，大概的数。表数量的词常用复数。 ○

常有以下情况：

 hundreds / thousands / millions / … of + 可复单位前无具体数字，单位加s，且跟of短语。 millions of trees; hundreds of students, …

 in one’s + 整十的数字复数，“在某人几十多岁的时候” I often did many things for the poor in my thirties. 在我三十多岁时，我常为穷人做很多事。

 in the + 整十的年代的复数，“在……世纪……年代” in the 1990s, 在20世纪90年代 in the 1560s, 在16世纪60年代 in the 2000s, 在21世纪前10年

2 确数：数量很具体，比较精确的数。单位不用复数， ○

后常无 “of …” 结构。

thirty thousand sheep 三万只羊 two million students 二百万学生以下情况需注意：

1 a few, about, more than, only, several, 等后面数词不用复数 ○

形式，且一般不跟of …：

a few hundred students, about five thousand trees,

more than two million people, only twenty hundred books, several thousand desks, …

2 many, hundreds of, 等后数词常用概数形式： ○

There are hundreds of thousands of people visiting the city every month.

每个月有几十万人来参观这个城市。

People spent many hundreds of years building the Great Wall. 人们花费数百年建造长城。

3 若表示在某个范围内的数量时，确数后可有 “of …” 结构： ○

The police found over two hundred of the stolen bicycles. 警察找到了二百多辆被偷的自行车。

Unit 10 I’ve had this bike for three years. p1. have a yard sale 有一个庭院旧货拍卖会 73 p2. bring back sweet memories 带回甜蜜的回忆 73 p3. give sth away to sb 把某物赠送给某人 73 p4. in need 在危难中，在危急中 73

help the children in need 帮助危急中的孩子 p5. not …any more 不再……（见Unit 4, g6）73 p6. a couple of months 几个月 74

p7. a bit old 有点旧 74 （见Unit 6, g1） p8. check out 察看，观察 74 p9. soft toys 软体玩具 74 p10. board games 棋类游戏 74

p11. for a long time = for long 长久地 74 p12. grow up 长大 75

p13. in junior high school 在初级中学 75 p14. clear out 清理，清除 75

p15. no longer 不再（见Unit 4, g6）75

p16. play with sth 玩某物 / play with sb 和某人玩 75 p17. a train and railway set 火车和铁路套装玩具 75 p18. at first 起先 75

p19. part with sth放弃/交出/卖掉（舍不得之物或贵重之物）75 p20. be understanding 善解人意的；通情达理的 75 p21. certain toys 某些玩具 75

p22. As for me / For me / To me, 就我来说；至于我 75 p23. To be honest, = To tell the truth, 老实说；说实话75 To be honest, I am a shy boy. p24. for a while, 一会儿 75 after a while 过了一会儿 p25. move to＋地点，“搬到……” 76

p26. miss their hometown a lot/very much 76 很想念他们的家乡 (a lot/very much修饰miss) p27. a primary school 一所小学 77 p28. a concert hall 一个音乐厅 77 p29. hometown feelings 家乡情怀 78

P30. nowadays=today=now=these days 如今；现在78 P31. once or twice (a year) （一年）一两次 78 = one or two times (a year) 79 又如： two or three times“两三次”

【1与2；5与 6等中间无其它整数，用or连接；但如果中间有间隔，用to连接。如：four to six times “四到六次”】 P32. a husband and father 一位丈夫和父亲 78

P33. millions of … 数以百万的（见Unit 9, g7） 78 P34. search for work 寻找工作 78 （见g6） P35. with a hard job, 由于工作辛苦, 78

P36. return home/return to Beijing 返家/返回到北京78 P37. regard … with … 以……来看待…… 78 I regard with great interest what he is doing. 我以极大的兴趣来看待他所做的事情。 He regards me with disappointment. 他对我失望。 P38. in many places, 在很多地方 78

p39. since the mid-twentieth century 自二十世纪中期 78 (century前数词是序数词: in the twenty-first century) P40. stay the same 保持不变 78 ( stay = keep, “保持”, 系动，后跟形) P41. according to sth, 根据某事 78 According to the weather report, 根据天气预报，… P40. opposite (=across from) the school, 在学校对面 78 P41. in my time, 在我那个时代，78

P42. during the summer holidays, 在暑假期间 78 p43. so far, 到目前为止（常用于现在完成时）80 I have read ten stories so far. 到目前我已读了十个故事了。 So far he has planted 20 trees. 到目前他已种了20棵树了。 ========================================================== s1. How long have you had the bike?

你有这辆自行车多久了？(had 是延续动词) I’ve had it since three years ago / for three years / since I was a child.

自从三年前我就有它了。/ 我有它三年了。/ 自从我是个孩子以来我就有它了。 s2. How much is it? 它多少钱？ 73 ＝How much does it cost? ＝What’s the price of it? s3. Welcome to … 欢迎来到… 74

s7. It was such a happy childhood. 这是如此幸福的童年。 78 s8. Our hometown has left many soft and sweet memories in our

hearts. 78 我们的家乡在我们心中留下了许多甜美的回忆。 s9. He has been working in a crayon factory. 79 他一直在一个蜡笔厂工作。（见Unit 9, s6.）

s10. How long have you been in China? 你已在中国多久了？ 80

have been in / have been to / have gone to用法见Unit 8, g12. ========================================================== g1. 短暂性动词与延续性动词的应用。

1 在以下类似句子中常用短暂性动词： ○ The man died in 2010. I turned on the TV ten minutes ago. She left Beijing the day before yesterday.

2 在肯定的since / for引导时间状语时，或用how long提问， ○ 或用于肯定的until/till主句中时，则要用延续性动词。上述句子可改为： The man has been dead since 2010. The TV has been on for ten minutes. She has been away since 2 days ago. 注：以下是常见的短暂性动词改换为延续性动词的方法。 turn on  be on; go away  be away; turn off  be off; leave  be away (from); die  be dead; borrow / get  keep; get back  be back; buy / get  have / own / keep; lose  be lost; move to  live in; wake up  be up; go out  be out; go to  be in/at; marry  be married; put on  wear; begin to do  do arrive in(at) / get to / reach  be in; ……

g2. certain用法及与sure都译为 “肯定的” 的区别。

1 certain, “某个；某些”，后跟名词 ○ For certain reasons I can’t attend the meeting. 由于某些原因，我不能出席这个会议。 I have the same name as a certain boy in our class. 我和我班某个男孩子同名。

2 certain, “肯定的”，常见结构：be certain of / to do / that … ○ I’m certain of it. 我对此有把握。 My dream is certain to come true. 我的梦想一定会成真。

2与sure区别： certain的用法 ○

1 共同点： ○

 接to do时，都可用人或物作主语。 He’s sure / certain to win. 他一定会赢。 It is sure / certain to rain. 天一定会下雨。  接疑问词加带to不定式，常用人作主语。“确定……” I’m not sure / certain when to leave. 我不确定何时离开。

Are you sure / certain which gate to go to? 你确定要去哪个门吗？

 若接of / about sth, 常用人作主语。 I’m sure / certain of that. 我敢肯定。

He’s not sure / certain about it. 他对此没把握。  be sure / certain + that从句，常用人作主语。 I’m sure / certain that he can succeed in the end. 我相信他最后会成功。 2 不同点： ○

 用于It’s certain that …, 不可用sure替换。 It’s certain that Lily is very lazy. 莉莉一定很懒。  在祈使句中，常用sure, 常不用certain.

Be sure to wake me up early. 一定要早早叫醒我。

 用副词表示肯定答复时：Certainly = Sure = Surely. 当然。

g3. part当动词的用法。

1 译为“分开；分离；离开”，作及物动词或不及物动词。 ○ Don’t part me, please. 请不要离开我。（及物）

g4. g5. g6.

They don’t want to part. 他们不想分开。（不及物） 2 用于“part with sth”，译为“放弃；交出；卖掉” ○

常指不舍得的或较贵重的东西。

She doesn’t want to part with her money. 她不想交出她的钱。 He has to part with his old toys. 他不得不卖掉旧玩具。 sometime(s), some time(s)区别。

1 sometime, “将来/过去某个时刻”, 指时间点。 ○

I’ll go there sometime next week. 我下周某个时候去那儿。 It was found sometime last month. 它是上月某时被发现的。 2 sometimes, “有时”, 指频率。 ○

I sometimes get up late. 我有时起得很晚。 She is sometimes unfriendly. 她有时不友好。 3 some time, “一段时间”，指时间段。 ○

I’ll stay in Zhengzhou for some time. 我将呆在郑州一段时间。 4 some times, “几次”，指次数。 ○

I have been to Wuhan some times. 我去过武汉几次了。 between与among译为“在……之间”的区别。 1 between指两者之间，或众多中的两两之间。 ○

常有短语：between … and …, “在……和……之间”。 I sit between Lily and Mary. 我坐在莉莉和玛丽之间。

Can you tell the differences between the two boys? 你能判断这两个男孩之间的不同吗？

Sometimes there are misunderstandings between different cultures. 有时在不同文化之间存在误解。（两两之间） 2 among指三者或更多之间，被人或事物包围。 ○

Can you hear the sound of a bird among the trees? 你能听到树林里一只鸟的声音吗？

Lily is the most popular among her friends. 莉莉在朋友中是最受欢迎的。

Fighting is common among teenagers. 打架在青少年中很普遍。 search“搜索，探求”用法。 1 search可作名词。 ○

The search takes seconds. 搜索花费几秒。

The people in search of gold got nothing. 淘金者一无所获。 2 search可作动词，后有无for含义不同。 ○

 search sth/sb, 人或物是被搜对象，但不是要得的对象。  search for sth/sb, 人或物是要得到的对象。(= look for …)  search sth/sb for sth/sb, 被搜对象及要得对象同时出现。

观察以下各句，体会有for和无for的原因。 The thief is gone. Let’s search the village first. 小偷不见了。咱们先搜搜村子吧。 They searched the hill for gold. 他们在山上搜寻黄金。 The robber searched me for money. 这个劫匪在我身上搜钱。 They’re searching for useful information. 他们正在搜寻有用的信息。 g7. regard译为 “认为” 的用法。

1 regard A as B, “把A当作B对待”。 ○ He regards Tom as his friend. 他把汤姆当作朋友来对待。

2 regard A with B, “以B来看待A”。 ○ Tom regards me with prejudice(偏见). 汤姆对我有偏见。

付出行动，一切皆有可能！

17 不规则动词表

原形过去式过去分词 lose失去，丢

make 做，制造 lost made lost made awake (使) 醒来 awaked / awoke be (am /is /are) was / were bear生，忍受 bore beat 打败 beat become变得 became begin开始 began blow 吹 blew break 打破 broke bring 带来 brought build 建造 built burn 燃烧 burned / burnt buy买 bought can能、可能 could catch捉住 caught choose 选择 chose come来 came cost值，花费 cost cut切，割 cut deal对待 dealt dig挖 dug do did draw绘画 drew dream梦想 dreamt / dreamed drink喝 drank drive驾驶 drove eat吃 ate fall跌，落 fell feed喂 fed feel感觉，摸 felt fight战斗，打架 fought find 找到，发现 found flee逃跑 fled fly飞，放飞 flew forget 忘记 forgot freeze结冰 froze get得到 got give 给 gave go 去 went grow种，生长 grew hang悬挂，上绞刑 hanged / hung have / has有；吃 had hear听到 heard hide隐藏 hid hit打击 hit hold握住，举行 held hurt损伤 hurt keep 保持 kept know 知道 knew lay放、摆、下蛋 laid lead领导 led learn 学，学会 learned / learnt leave离开，留下 left lend借出 lent let 让 let lie躺，位于 lay (lie撒谎) (lied) light点燃 lit / lighted Copyright by Terry Lee.

awoken been born beaten become begun blown broken brought built burned / burnt bought ----------- caught chosen come cost cut dealt dug done drawn dreamt / dreamed drunk driven eaten fallen fed felt fought found fled flown forgot / forgotten frozen got / gotten given gone grown hanged / hung had heard hidden hit held hurt kept known laid led learned / learnt left lent let lain (lied) lit / lighted

may 也许，可能 might --------- mean意味，指 meant meant meet 遇到、迎接 met met

mistake误会

mistook mistaken must 必须，一定 must --------- pay付 paid paid put 放 put put read 读 read read ride骑 rode ridden ring鸣响 rang rung run 跑 ran run say 说

said said see 看，看到，观看 saw seen seek寻找 sought sought sell 卖

sold sold send送，派遣 sent sent set安置，设置 set set shake摇动 shook shaken shall 将要 should

should

shine 照耀 shone / shined shone / shined shoot射击 shot shot

show 显示 showed showed / shown shut关 shut shut sing 唱 sang sung sit 坐 sat sat sleep 睡 slept slept

slide滑

slid

slid / slidden smell闻，嗅 smelled / smelt smelt speak 说、演讲 spoke

spoken

speed 加速 sped / speeded sped / speeded spell 拼写

spelled / spelt spelled / spelt spend度过，花费 spent spent spread 延伸，展开 spread spread stand站，忍受 stood stood steal偷 stole stolen stick刺，插 stuck stuck sweep 扫 swept swept swim 游泳 swam swum take 拿，花费 took taken teach 教

taught taught tell 告诉，讲 told told think 思考，想 thought thought throw扔

threw

thrown understand理解 understood understood wake醒，叫醒 woke waken wear 穿，穿着 wore worn will 将要 would --------- win获胜，赢 won won write 写 wrote written

成功更容易光顾磨难和艰辛，正如只有经过泥

泞的道路才会留下脚印。

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人教版英语八年级下册短语句型及语法总结