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9 记念刘和珍君

2024-01-09 来源:客趣旅游网

  【教学目的】

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp思想教育:学习刘和珍等爱国青年不畏强暴,不怕牺牲与帝国主义及其走狗英勇斗争的精神。

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp理解:课文深刻的思想内容。

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp鉴赏:课文记叙、议论和抒情相结合的方法。

  【教学时间】

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp三课时。

  【教学方法】

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp朗读、讲解、讨论等。

  【教学过程 】

  一、简介背景、刘和珍,讲读第一、二部分。(一课时)

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp1、阅读注释①,了解背景与刘和珍。

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp2、阅读“提示”

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp3、讲读课文第一部分

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp①分段讲析内容(见书);(习题穿插于讲读中)

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp②理清结构;(见板书)

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp③诵读课文。

  &nbsp&nbsp〖板书〗

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp┏纪念烈士

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp┏一、写作缘由:悲哀愤怒┃

  纪念的┃&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp┗揭露敌人

  &nbsp&nbsp目的┃&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp┏要象猛士──直面人生

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp┗二、写的必要┃&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(唤起民众)

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp┗不做庸人──暂时偷生

  二、讲读第三部分至第五部分。(一课时)

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp①分段讲析内容(见书);(习题穿插于讲读中)

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp②理清结构;(见板书)

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp③诵读课文。

  &nbsp&nbsp〖板书〗

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp┏三、交往始末:暗自诧异──微笑、温和(不为势利所屈)

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp┃&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp┏府门前喋血┓

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp┃&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp┏刘:微笑、和蔼┃&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp┃

  纪念的┃四、遇害事实┃&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp┗棍棒的伤痕┃(不爆发

  &nbsp&nbsp内容┃&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp┃&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp┏惨象不忍视┃就灭亡)

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp┃&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp┗敌:下劣、凶残┃&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp┃

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp┃&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp┗流言不忍闻┛

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp┗五、遇害经过:沉勇友爱──从容转辗(惊心动魄的伟大)&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp④完成“基训”上的习题。

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp⑤检查背诵情况。

  三、讲读第六、七部分;完成课后习题。

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp①分段讲析内容(见书);(习题穿插于讲读中)

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp②理清结构;(见板书)

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp③诵读课文。

  &nbsp&nbsp〖板书〗

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp┏六、经验教训:谈资流言──徒手请愿&nbsp(应取有效方法)

  纪念的┃&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp┏百折不回┓

  &nbsp&nbsp意义┗七、死难意义┃&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp┃勇毅不亡&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp(奋然前行)

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp┗殒身不恤┛

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp④完成作业 。

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp第一题

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp分析文章结构:

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp文章从追悼会上程君请求作文写起,交代写作此文的缘由。“我”因为无法承受追悼会的悲凉,独自到礼堂外徘徊、思索;程君问“曾为刘和珍写了一点什么没有”,勾起“我”对烈士的悲痛的忆念,再次感到“有写一点东西的必要”──“也早觉得”,“也”字针对程君的请求而言,说明写作此文,不仅仅因程君的请求,更主要是出自我“本身”的意愿;“早”字则进一步说明,要写文章纪念的愿望由来已久,不只是由程君的请求才引起的。

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp“可是我实在无话可说”,因为“我已经出离愤怒了”──这是为什么至今还“没有”写出文章的原因。反动派的“下劣凶残”完全出于“我”的意料之外,“四十多个青年的血”,“洋溢在我的周围,使我艰于呼吸视听”,又怎能说出话来?

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp杀人者依然横行,造谣者诽谤中伤,黑暗的世界,何时是个尽头!苟活者们该怎么办呢?“三•一八”惨案才过去两星期,而忘却的救主却快要降临了。因此作者再次感到“写一点东西的必要”,让人们清醒地知道,所住的并非人间,不要忘记烈士的鲜血,不要苟且偷生,继续着这似人非人的世界!

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp作者于是痛心地回忆起认识刘和珍君的过程,直至留在记忆上的最后印象。这是第三部分的内容。

  第四部分,文章接着叙写得到噩耗的惊愕,──出乎意料之外:&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp①卫队居然向手无寸铁的请愿群众开枪;

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp②始终微笑的刘和珍也在被害之列──有尸骸为证;

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp③这是虐杀,因为身上还有棍棒的伤痕,反动政府竟如此下劣;

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp④杀人者反诬被杀者是暴徒!说她们是受人利用的!

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp刀枪,野蛮凶残;流言,更加阴险恶毒。屠杀,舆论钳制,这是反动派惯用的两手,这是衰亡民族之所以默无声息的缘由。作者于是再次愤慨地写道:“我还有什么话可说呢?”

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp但作者并不以为我们的民族就此沉默下去了。“不在沉默中爆发,就在沉默中死亡。”所以他大声呐喊,“但是,我还有要说的话”。──记叙遇害经过,夹叙夹议,揭露控诉段政府布下罗网,杀害爱国学生的暴行。这是第五部分的内容。

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp第六部分,作者从历史进程的角度沉痛总结了经验教训。尽管他不同意徒手请愿,但他认为烈士的鲜血是不会白流的。想到这里,他不觉又慷慨激昂起来,进而化作对烈士死难意义的高度评价,对刘和珍等临难从容的勇毅精神的热烈讴歌。这便是文章第七部分的内容。

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp文章是写完了,然而言已尽而意无穷。作者以“呜呼,我说不出话,但以此”,呼应开头“菲薄的祭品”,表达的是一种深深的歉意与内疚。

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp通观全文,作者悲和愤两股情感的烈焰,无处不在迸发,无处不在燃烧,升腾交炽,无法抑制。追悼会的气氛,程君的发问和要求,引起对烈士的痛心的追忆,并且激发起对杀人者的满腔仇恨,发为愤怒的揭露控诉;同时,作为革命家、思想家的作者,始终没有停止深沉的思索,对惨案的经验教训进行了沉痛总结,对烈士死难意义给予了高度评价。

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp这就是作者思想感情发展和文章结构的大体脉络。

  〖作业 】

  &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp背诵一、二部分,默写检查。

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