新概念第四册Lesson28~30课文翻译及学习笔记

新概念第四册Lesson28课⽂翻译及学习笔记　　【课⽂】

　　First listen and then answer the following question.　　听录⾳，然后回答以下问题。

　　What are patients looking for when they visit the doctor?

　　This is a sceptical age, but although our faith in many of the things in which our forefathers fervently believed has

weakened, our confidence in the curative properties of the bottle of medicine remains the same a theirs. This modern faith inmedicines is proved the fact that the annual drug bill of the Health Services is mounting to astronomical figures and shows nosigns at present of ceasing to rise. The majority of the patients attending the medical out-patients departments of our

hospitals feel that they have not received adequate treatment unless they are able to carry home with them some tangibleremedy in the shape of a bottle of medicine, a box of pills, or a small jar of ointment, and the doctor in charge of the

department is only too ready to provide them with these requirements. There is no quicker method of disposing of patientsthen by giving them what they are asking for, and since most medical men in the Health Services are overworked and havelittle time for offering time-consuming and little-appreciated advice on such subjects as diet, right living, and the need forabandoning bad habits etc., the bottle, the box, and the jar are almost always granted them.

　　Nor is it only the ignorant and ill-educated person who has such faith in the bottle of medicine. It is recounted of ThomasCarlyle that when he heard of the illness of his friend, Henry Taylor, he went off immediately to visit him, carrying with him inhis pocket what remained of a bottle of medicine formerly prescribed for an indisposition of Mrs. Carlyle's. Carlyle was

entirely ignorant of what the bottle in his pocket contained, of the nature of the illness from which his friend was suffering, andof what had previously been wrong with his wife, but a medicine that had worked so well in one form of illness would surelybe of equal benefit in another, and comforted by the thought of the help he was bringing to his friend, he hastened to HenryTaylor's house. History does not relate whether his friend accepted his medical help, but in all probability he did. The greatadvantage of taking medicine is that it makes no demands on the taker beyond that of putting up for a moment with adisgusting taste, and that is what all patients demand of their doctors -- to be cured at no inconvenience to themselves.　　【New words and expressions ⽣词和短语】　　sceptical adj. 怀疑的　　forefathers n. 祖先　　fervently adv. 热情地　　curative adj. 治病的　　astronomical adj. 天⽂学的　　tangible adj.实实在在的　　remedy n. 药物　　ointment n. 药膏　　prescribe v. 开药⽅　　indisposition n. ⼩病　　disgusting n. 令⼈讨厌的　　inconvenience n. 不便　　【课⽂注释】　　1.sceptical adj.怀疑的

　　例句：Mary is sceptical about the solution.

　　玛丽对这个解决办法表⽰怀疑。　　2.fervently adv.热情地

　　例句：For her sake, as well as for John's, I hoped fervently that she might still be found.　　为了她的缘故，也为了约翰，我热切地希望她能被找到。　　3.curative adj.治病的

　　例句：The scaffold were believed to have curative powers.　　⼈们认为绞刑架具有治病的功效。

　　4.the same a theirs，这⾥的theirs是指our forefathers。　　5.astronomical figures 天⽂数字

　　6.tangible adj.可触摸的， 实际的， 有形的， 确凿的

　　例句：It is the only tangible object the astronomer can handle.　　这是天⽂学家能够掌握的可接触的对象。

　　The plan brought few tangible benefits to the poor.　　这个计划没有给穷⼈带来多少实际好处。　　【反义词】

　　intangible adj.难以明了的， ⽆形的…

　　例句：The old building have an intangible air of sadness about it.　　那座古⽼建筑物周围笼罩著说不出的凄凉⽓氛。　　Sound is intangible and the same is true of light.　　声⾳是⽆形的，⽽光也同样如此。

　　7.only too ready to provide⾮常乐意提供。在英语中too…to do…的结构通常表⽰否定，但如果在前⾯加上only，就有“⾮常……能做”的意思。　　8.dispose of 处理

　　例句：I want to dispose of these old books.　　我想处理掉这些旧书。

　　He doesn't know how to dispose of his spare time.　　他不知道怎样安排业余时间。

　　9.It is recounted of Thomas Carlyle据说，托马斯 卡莱尔……(有下⾯这件事)。托马斯 卡莱尔是19世纪英国的散⽂作家和历史学家。

　　10.prescribe v. 开处⽅， 规定

　　例句：I'll prescribe for you as soon as I get the report.　　我拿到报告就给你开处⽅。　　【短语词组】

　　prescribe for 为……开处⽅　　【词义辨析】

　　recommend, advocate, propose, suggest, prescribe 这些动词均含“劝告、主张、建议”之意。

　　recommend: 指向对⽅提出公开的建议或规劝。

　　advocate: 指公开表明对某事或某⾏为的完全赞同，语⽓强于recommend。　　propose: 多指较正式地提出建议。

　　suggest: 语⽓较委婉，指提出不成熟的建议或参见意见。　　prescribe: 多指医⽣开处⽅。　　11.in all probability 很可能

　　例句：In all probability the money will not be paid.　　这笔钱很可能是不会偿付的。

　　Having disappeared for long, he has been kidnapped in all probability.　　他失踪了这么久⼗之⼋九是被绑架了。　　12.put up with 忍受

　　例句：We have to put up with her bad temper.　　我们只得忍受她的坏脾⽓。

　　Noise is coming to the point where we can't put up with it.　　噪⾳快到我们⽆法忍受的地步。　　【参考译⽂】

　　这是⼀个怀疑⼀切的时代，可是虽然我们对我们祖先笃信的许多事物已不太相信，我们对瓶装药品疗效的信⼼仍与祖辈⼀样坚定。卫⽣部门的年度药费上升到了天⽂数字，并且⽬前尚⽆停⽌上升的迹象，这个事实证实了现代⼈对药物的依赖。在医院门诊部看病的⼤多数⼈觉得，如果不能带回⼀些看得见、摸得着的药物，如⼀瓶药⽔，⼀盒药丸、⼀⼩瓶药膏回家的话，就没算得到了充分的治疗。负责门诊的医⽣也⾮常乐意为前来看病的⼈提供他们想要得到的药物，病⼈要什么就给什么，没有⽐这样处理病⼈更快的⽅法了。因为卫⽣部门的⼤多数医⽣超负荷⼯作，所以没有多少时间提出⼀些既费时⽽⼜不受⼈欢迎的忠告，如注意饮⾷、⽣活有规律，需要克服坏习惯等等，结果就是把瓶药、盒药、罐药开给看病的⼈⽽完事⼤吉。

　　并不只是那些⽆知和没受过良好教育的⼈才迷信药瓶⼦。据说托马斯.卡莱尔有过这么⼀件事：他听说朋友亨利.泰勒病了，就⽴刻跑去看他，⾐袋⾥装上了他妻⼦不舒服时吃剩下的⼀瓶药。卡莱尔不知道药瓶⼦⾥装的是什么药，不知道他的朋友得的是什么病，也不知道妻⼦以前得的是什么病，只知道⼀种药对⼀种病有好处，肯定对另⼀种病也会有好处。想到能对朋友有所帮助，他感到很欣慰，于是急急忙忙来到了亨利.泰勒的家⾥，他的朋友是否接受了他的药物治疗，历史没有记载，但很可能接受了。服药的优点是：除了暂时忍受⼀下令⼈作呕的味道外，对服药⼈别⽆其他要求。这也正是病⼈对医⽣的要求 --病要治好，但不要太⿇烦。

新概念第四册Lesson29课⽂翻译及学习笔记　　【课⽂】

　　First listen and then answer the following question.　　听录⾳，然后回答以下问题。

　　What is a hovercraft riding on when it is in motion?

　　Many strange new means of transport have been developed in our century, the strangest of them being perhaps thehovercraft. In 1953, a former electronics engineer in his fifties, Christopher Cockerell, who had turned to boat-building on theNorfolk Broads, suggested an idea on which he had been working for many years to the British Government and industrialcircles. It was the idea of supporting a craft on a 'pad', or cushion, of low-pressure air, ringed with a curtain of higher pressureair. Ever since, people have had difficulty in deciding whether the craft should be ranged among ships, planes, or land

vehicles -- for it is something in between a boat and an aircraft. As a shipbuilder, Cockerell was trying to find a solution to theproblem of the wave resistance which wastes a good deal of a surface ship's power and limits its speed. His answer was tolift the vessel out of the water by making it ride on a cushion of air, no more than one or two feet thick. This is done by a greatnumber of ring-shaped air jets on the bottom of the craft. It 'flies', therefore, but it cannot fly higher -- its action depends on thesurface, water or ground, over which it rides.

　　The first tests on the Solent in 1959 caused a sensation. The hovercraft travelled first over the water, then mounted thebeach, climbed up the dunes, and sat down on a road. Later it crossed the Channel, riding smoothly over the waves, whichpresented no problem.

　　Since that time, various types of hovercraft have appeared and taken up regular service. The hovercraft is particularlyuseful in large areas with poor communications such as Africa or Australia; it can become a 'flying fruit-bowl', carryingbananas from the plantations to the ports; giant hovercraft liners could span the Atlantic; and the railway of the future maywell be the 'hovertrain', riding on its air cushion over a single rail, which it never touches, at speeds up to 300 m.p.h. -- thepossibilities appear unlimited.

　　EGON LARSEN The Pegasus Book of Inventors　　【New words and expressions ⽣词和短语】　　hovercraft n. ⽓垫船

　　Norfolk Broads n. 诺福克郡的湖泊地区　　cushion n. 座垫　　ring v. 围

　　Solent n. (英国的)苏伦特海峡　　sensation n. 轰动　　dune n. 沙丘　　plantation n. 种植园　　hovertrain n. ⽓垫⽕车　　【课⽂注释】

　　1.the strangest of them being perhaps the hovercraft 这是现在分词being的独⽴主格结构。

　　2.turned to direct one's interest or attention towards; go into 求助于, 转向，在本段中的含义是“改⾏”。　　例句：I had to turn to the dictionary for help.　　我只得求助于字典了。

　　The pop singer turned to figure in soap operas.　　那位流⾏歌星转向屏幕，在肥皂剧中扮演⾓⾊。

　　3.had been working 过去完成进⾏时，通常表⽰某个过去正在进⾏的动作或状态，持续到过去某个时刻，还未完成，⼀直持续到之后的当前才结束 。

　　例句：He had been bumming around the park all day.　　他在公园⾥荡了⼀整天了。

　　He stopped swimming.He had been swimming for the last three hours.　　他停⽌游泳了。在过去的三个⼩时⾥，他⼀直在游泳。　　4. range v. 排列, 归类于

　　例句：The documents may range from a single sheet to a large packet of papers.　　⽂件可以单页排列，也可以多页打包排列。　　5.in between,介乎......之间，这是⼀种组合介词。　　6.a surface ship,⽔⾯船只。　　7.sensation n. 感觉, 轰动, 激动, 知觉

　　例句：He had a sensation of dizziness.　　他有⼀种晕眩的感觉。

　　The new discovery caused a great sensation.　　这项新发现很轰动。

　　8.present no problem 没有出现任何问题　　【词义辨析】

　　modern, contemporary, current, recent, present, up-to-date这些形容词均有“现代的、当代的”之意。　　modern: 指现代或近代，时期可长可短;也可指新颖、时髦的。

　　contemporary: 仅指当今这个时代，不涉及任何过去的时代，但可表⽰不同的⼈或物存在于同⼀时代。　　current: 指⽬前存在和发⽣的。

　　recent: 表⽰新近的，最近的，时间的长短依据所修饰的⼈或物⽽定。　　present: 是这些词中语⽓的⼀个。指现在正发⽣、起作⽤的。

　　up-to-date: ⼀般⽤于⾮正式场合，指很时新、能反映当前的最新发展。　　offer, present, propose, volunteer这些动词均含“提出、提供”之意。

　　offer: 最普通⽤词，多指主动提出或提供意见或东西等，但是否接受由对⽅⾃⾏决定。　　present: 既可指提出意见、建议等，⼜可指拿出某物供⼈欣赏或赠送。

　　propose: 指直接⽽主动地提出问题或建议等，也指在讨论或争辨中提出具体意见或建议。　　volunteer: 与offer同义，侧重出于⾃愿，⽽不是奉命做某事。　　9.may well be,很可能是。

　　例句：This novel may well become a classic.　　这本⼩说很可能成为经典著作。

　　Since he can play many musical instruments, he may well be called a man of　　accomplishments.

　　他能演奏许多乐器，当然称得上是个多才多艺的⼈。　　10.speed up 加快速度

　　例句：Harden up a little, we need more speed.　　把帆索拉紧⼀点，我们需要加快速度

　　The order No.105 is so urgently required that we have to ask you to speed up　　shipment.

　　第105号订单所订货物我们要急⽤，请你们加快装船速度。　　【参考译⽂】

　　本世纪已研制出许多新奇的交通⼯具，其中最新奇的要数⽓垫船了。1953年，有⼀位50多岁名叫克⾥斯托弗.科克雷的原电⼦⼯程师，改⾏在诺福克郡的湖泊地区从事造船业，他向英国政府和⼯业界提出了他研究多年的⼀项计划。他的设想是：⽤⼀个低压空⽓或软垫来⽀撑船体，软垫周围⽤⾼压空⽓环绕。⾃那以后，⼈们很难决定是否应该将这种运载⼯具列为轮船、飞机，或是陆上交通⼯具，因为它是介于船和飞机之间。作为⼀个船舶技师，科克雷尔在寻找解决波浪阻⼒的⽅法，因为波浪阻⼒浪费掉了船在⽔⾯⾏驶的⼤量动⼒，从⽽限制了船的速度。他的解决办法是把船体提离⽔⾯，让船在⼀个⽓垫上⾏驶，⽓垫只有⼀两英尺厚。船底装上⼤量环状喷⽓嘴以实现这⼀⽬的。这样，船就能飞了，但飞不⾼。它的飞⾏限决于它所悬浮的⽔⾯或地⾯。

　　1959年，在苏伦特海峡进⾏的⾸次试航引起了轰动，⽓垫船先是在⽔⾯上⾏驶，后⼜登上海岸，爬上沙丘，最后停在路上。后来⽓垫船跨越英吉利海峡，平衡地在波浪上⽅⾏驶，波浪不再产⽣阻⼒。

　　从那以后，各种各样的⽓垫船出现了，并开始了定期航⾏服务。⽓垫船在⾮洲、澳⼤利亚等交通不发达地区特别有⽤。它能成为“飞⾏⽔果盘⼦”，把⾹蕉从种植园运到港⼝。⼤型的⽓垫班轮或许能跨越⼤西洋。未来的⽕车或许能成为“⽓垫⽕车”，靠⽓垫在单轨上⾏驶⽽不接触轨道，时速可达每⼩时300英⾥。⽓垫船的前途是不可限量的。新概念第四册Lesson30课⽂翻译及学习笔记　　【课⽂】

　　First listen and then answer the following question.　　听录⾳，然后回答以下问题。

　　How did people probably imagine the sea-floor before it was investigated?

　　Our knowledge of the oceans a hundred years ago was confined to the two-dimensional shape of the sea surface andthe hazards of navigation presented by the irregularities in depth of the shallow water close to the land. The open sea wasdeep and mysterious, and anyone who gave more than a passing thought to the bottom confines of the oceans probablyassumed that the sea bed was flat. Sir James Clark Ross had obtained a sounding of over 2,400 fathoms in 1839, but it wasnot until 1869, when H.M.S. Porcupine was put at the disposal of the Royal Society for several cruises, that a series of deepsoundings was obtained in the Atlantic and the first samples were collected by dredging the bottom. Shortly after this thefamous H. M. S. Challenger expedition established the study of the sea-floor as a subject worthy of the most qualified

physicists and geologists. A burst of activity associated with the laying of submarine cables soon confirmed the challenger'sobservation that many parts of the ocean were two to there miles deep, and the existence of underwater features ofconsiderable magnitude.

　　Today, enough soundings are available to enable a relief map of the Atlantic to be drawn and we know something of thegreat variety of the sea bed's topography. Since the sea covers the greater part of the earth's surface, it is quite reasonable toregard the sea floor as the basic form of the crust of the earth, with, superimposed upon it, the continents, together with theislands and other features of the oceans. The continents form rugged tablelands which stand nearly three miles above thefloor of the open ocean. From the shore line, out a distance which may be anywhere from a few miles to a few hundred miles,runs the gentle slope of the continental shelf, geologically part of the continents. The real d i v i d i n g l i n e b e t w e e n c o nt i n e n t s a n d o c e a n s o c c u r s a t t h e f o o t o f a s t e e p e r s l o p e . / p > p > 0 0 T h i s c o n t i n e n t a l s l o p e u su a l l y s t a r t s a t a p l a c e s o m e w h e r e n e a r t h e 1 0 0 - f a t h e o m m a r k a n d i n t h e c o u r s e o f a f e w h u n dr e d m i l e s r e a c h e s t h e t r u e o c e a n f l o o r a t 2 , 5 0 0 - 3 , 5 0 0 f a t h o m s . T h e s l o p e a v e r a g e s a b o u t 1i n 3 0 . b u t c o n t a i n s s t e e p , p r o b a b l y v e r t i c a l , c l i f f s , a n d g e n t l e s e d i m e n t - c o v e r e d t e r r a c e s, a n d n e a r i t s l o w e r r e a c h e s t h e r e i s a l o n g t a i l i n g - o f f w h i c h i s a l m o s t c e r t a i n l y t h e r e s u l t o fm a t e r i a l t r a n s p o r t e d o u t t o d e e p w a t e r a f t e r b e i n g e r o d e d f r o m t h e c o n t i n e n t a l m a s s e s . / p> p > 0 0 T . F . G A S K E L L E x p l o r i n g t h e S e a - f l o o r f r o m S c i e n c e S u r v e y / p >