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必修一 Unit 1 Friendship I. Vocabulary: add up 合计 upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的； vt. 使不安；使心烦 in order to 为了…… at dusk 在黄昏时刻 pack vi. & vt. 捆扎；包装；打行李 pack sth. up 将东西装箱打包 thunder vi. 打雷；雷鸣 n.雷；雷声 suitcase n. 手提箱 entire adj. 整个的；完全的； overcoat n. 大衣；外套 entirely adv. teenager n. 十几岁的青少年 get along with 与……相处；进展 goosip vi. & n. 闲话；闲谈; 长舌妇 fall in love 相爱；爱上 exactly adv. 确实如此；正是；确切地 disagree vi. 不同意 grateful adj. 感激的；表示感谢的 dislike vt. 不喜欢；厌恶 join in 参加；加入 spellbind vt. (spellbound, spellbound) 迷住；迷惑 be/get rid of 对……厌烦 recover vi. & vt. 痊愈；恢复；
重新获得 ignore vt. 不理睬；忽视 calm vt. & vi. (使)静；（使）镇定 adj. 平静的；镇静的；沉着的 swap vt. 交换 calm … down （使）平静下来；item n. 项目；条款 （使）镇定下来 have got to 不得不；必须 concern vt. 担忧；涉及；关系到 n. 担心；关注 be concerned about 关心；挂念 walk the dog 遛狗 loose adj. 松的；松开的 go through 经历；经受 set down 记下；放下；登记 series n. 连续；系列 a series of 一连串的；一系列；一套 outdoors adv. 在户外；在野外 power n. 能力；力量；权力 face to face 面对面地 curtain n. 窗帘；门帘；幕布 dusty adj. 积满灰尘的 no longer / not … ang longer 不再… (与延续性动词连用) partner n. 伙伴；合作者；合伙人 settle vi. 安家；定居；停留 loneliness n. 孤单；寂寞 highway n. 公路；大路 vt. 使定居；安排；解决 on purpose故意 II.
Reading ANNE’S BEST FRIEND安妮最好的朋友
Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? 译文：你需
要一位可以倾诉衷肠的朋友吗？比如倾诉你的感情和思想。【注释: whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts是定语从句，修饰限定先行词a friend，而whom是关系代词作to的宾语，用来指代前面的先行词friend; 从句中运用了tell sth. to sb.意思为：告诉某人某事； like your deepest feelings and thoughts并列列举出了everything的部分内容，也可用such as替换like,表示“比如”。】
Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? 译文：你是害怕你的朋友嘲笑你呢，还是担心你的朋友不理解你所经历的呢？【注释：第一个or紧紧承接上文，与上文构成选择关系；第二个or用来连接两个并列谓语“would laugh at you和would not understand what you are going through”，表示选择关系,其中的“what you are going through”为understand的宾语从句；laugh at嘲笑；go through经历，检查，练习，遭受，完成。】Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her best friend.译文：安妮弗兰克想要的是第一种情况，所以她交了最好的朋友。【注释：make friends with sb.与……交朋友】
Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II.译文：安妮在二战期间住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。 Her family was Jewish so they had to hid or they would be caught by the German Nazis.译文：她的家人是犹太人所
以他们必须躲藏起来，否则就会被德国纳粹抓起来。【注释：so引导的前后为因果关系；or表示“否则，要不然”； be caught by…表示“被…抓起来”；“be + 过去分词”构成被动语态。】 She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. 译文：她和她的家人躲藏几乎25月之后才被发现。【注释：①hide away意为“躲藏起来”。
②nearly意为“几乎，将近”，后跟确定的数字，而almost则表示模糊不定的概念，如：In the hall it was almost dark.大厅里几乎一片漆黑。③before表示“在…以前”，用以表示从句动作发生之前的时间，译法灵活。(1)强调从句动作发生在主句之前，意为“不等……就……”。例如：She was angry before I could explain to her.我还没来得及向她解释她就生气了。He asked a second question before I could answer the first question.我还没来得及回答第一个问题，他又问了一个问题。(2)在“It＋be＋时间段＋before从句”中，意为“……之后才……”。例如：The fire lasted about four hours before the firefighters could control it.大火持续了大约四个小时，消防人员才得以控制住。(3)在“It＋be＋否定形式＋long＋before从句”中，意为“……不久就……”。例如：It was not long before he told me about it.不久他就告诉了我这件事情。(4)在特定的情景中，意为“趁着……”。例如：I must
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write it down before I forget it.趁着还没忘，我把它记下来。】During that time the only true friend was her diary. 译文：在此期间，她唯一真正的朋友就是她的日记。She said, “I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most
people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty”. 译文：她说：“我不想像大多
数人所做的那样，只是记流水账，而是我想要我的日记成为我最好的朋友，并且我把我的朋友叫作基蒂”。【注释：①set down记下；（使）放下，（使）坐下，制定，降落。例如：1）He was asked to set down the facts just as he remembered them.他被要求根据记忆把事实写下来。2）He set me down in a comfortable chair.他让我坐在一张舒适的椅子里。3）It is necessary to set down these additional rules.有必要制定这些补充规则。②a series of一系列的。例如：The post office will issue a series of new stamps.邮局将要发行一套新邮票。③as引导方式状语从句，表示“像…一样”。例如：1）He smiled and I smiled back, as you do. 他微微一笑，我也报以微笑，就这样而已。2）She is as tall as her mother.她和她母亲一样高。④to be my friend作this diary itself的补足语。】Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942.译文：现在读读她从1942年7月以后躲藏起来的感受。
Thursday 15th June, 1944 Dear Kitty, I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.译文：我想知道是不是因为我好久没有能够到外面的缘故，以至于我对一切与自然有关的东西变得如此疯狂地喜欢。【注释：①outdoors adv. 在户外，作状语；而outdoor是adj.户外的，露天的，作定语。例如：1） Children like to play outdoors.孩子们喜欢在户外玩耍。2）He likes watching most outdoor games. 他喜欢观看大部分的室外运动项目。②be/grow crazy about对…疯狂地喜欢，对…着迷。例如：He is crazy about that girl.他迷上了那位女孩。③to do with…:与…有关；处置，对待。例如：1）I am not involved in it; it has nothing to do with me.我与这事没有牵连; 它与我无关。2）What shall we do with the drunken sailor?我们怎么处置这个喝醉的水手?】 I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.译文：我非常清楚地记得有一段时期湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的鸣唱、月光和鲜花从没能使我着迷。【注释：①well“很, 相当”，相当于very,表示强调. 例如：1）The visit had been planned well in advance.那次访问很早就计划好了。2)You may well be right.很可能是你对. ②there was a time when…:有那么一个时期…。 例如：There was a time when I wanted to play truant.有那么一个时期我想逃学。③spellbound adj. 入迷的；出神的。例如：The children were spellbound by the circus performance.孩子们被马戏表演迷住了。】 That’s changed since I was here.译文：自从来到这，这一切都改变了。 … For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself. 译文：比如，一天晚上，非常暖和，为了独自能亲眼好好看一眼月亮，我就故意到晚上11点半还醒着。【注释：①on purpose故意地，有目的地。如：I sometimes think that all his supposed mistakes are made on purpose just to annoy me.我有时认为他犯的那些被信以为真的一切错误是故意为了气我。②in order to…:为了…, 动词不定式作目的状语，该状语可以位于句首，也可以位于句子后面，但so as to…引导的目的状语只能放在句子的后面，即so as to…不能位于句首。如：The test questions are kept secret so as to（in order to） prevent cheating. = In order to prevent cheating, the test questions are kept secret.考试题保密以防作弊。③by myself独自。 如：I live by myself.我一个人生活。】 But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window.译文：可是，随着月光越来越亮，我竟不敢打开窗户。【注释：①as 连词，表示“随着”。如：As she grew older, she kept more to herself.随着年龄的增长，她变得更沉默了。②dare用作情态动词时后面直接加动词，即dare do;用作行为动词时后面要加to,即dare to do;不管是用作情态动词还是行为动词dare都有词形变化，即过去式为dared do, dared to do,过去式的否定式为：didn’t dare do或didn’t dare to do;或dared not do和dared not to do】 Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. 译文：5个月之前，又有一次，黄昏时分我碰巧在楼上，突然，窗户开了。【注释：①happen to…碰巧，如：I happened to be out when Tom came to visit me yesterday. ②at dusk黄昏，如：The street lights come on at dusk and go off at dawn.路灯在黄昏时开, 拂晓时关。③ sb. happened to do sth. when ….某人碰巧在做某事的时候，突然…。】I didn’t 高中英语课文详解及考点连接 Edited by Yanglei
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go downstairs until the window had to be shut.译文：直到窗户不得不关上，我才下楼。【注释：not… until…:直到…才…, 如：you don't know what you can achieve until you try.尝试后才能知道自己能成就什么。】 The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; 译文：那黑暗，那雨夜，那夜风，那闪亮轰鸣的云朵，它们完全把我笼罩着。it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face…译文：那是我一年半以来第一次面对面目睹那夜色。【注释：it is the first time that sb. has done sth.某人第一次做某事。如：It is the first time that I has come to Wenzhou.这是我第一次到温州来。 注意：It was the first time that sb. had done sth.】 …Sadly … I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows.译文：遗憾的是…,我只能通过悬挂在布满灰尘窗户上的肮脏的窗帘来观看大自然。【注释： hanging before very dusty windows是现在分词作定语修饰前面的名词curtains,该分词与所修饰的名词之间的逻辑关系是主谓关系。如： (09赣-34) The government plans to bring in new laws ____ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children. A. forced B. forcing C. to be forced D. having forced (09浙-7) There is a great deal of evidence _____ that music activities engage different parts of the brain. A. indicate B. indicating C. to indicate D. to be indicating】 It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.译文：再看这外面的大自然已经没有意义了，因为大自然只有经过亲身体验才有意义。 【注释：①looking through these any longer是动名词短语作主语，句首的It是形式主语;②look through意思为：⑴仔细检查〔审查〕(某物)，例如：I'll look your suggestion through before passing it to the committee.我要先审查一下你的建议然后再送交委员会。 ⑵对(某人)视而不见，例如：I said good morning but she looked me straight through and walked on.我对她道了声早安, 可她却视而不见径直走了过去。 ⑶穿过…看，例如：I looked through a telescope.我用望远镜看东西。 ⑷看穿〔识破〕(某人或某事)= see through，例如：I have looked through the man; he hasn't any real learning.我已看透那个人了, 他没有一点真才实学。】
6．Your friend comes to school very upset. 【精提取】 upset为形容词作伴随状语。 【巧应用】 小偷躲在角落里，担心被人捉住。
The thief hid himself in the corner，________ ________ ________ ________.
高中英语课文详解及考点连接 Edited by Yanglei
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答案：afraid of being caught
【考题】They ________the meeting by shouting and throwing stones at the windows. A．attended B．held C．upset D．mixed
解析：选C。句意：他们大喊大叫并不断向窗子扔石头打乱了会议。upset 打乱；attend参加；hold举办，容纳；mix混合。
7. She and her family hid away for nearly twentyfive months before they were discovered. 【精提取】 before conj.，意为“在……之前”，常翻译为“不等……就”，引导时间状语从句。 【巧应用】 我还没来得及与他说再见他就走了。
He left ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________. 答案：before I could say goodbye to him
8. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky，the song of the birds，moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.
【精提取】 there was a time when a deep blue sky，...此处when引导的定语从句修饰time。 【巧应用】 曾经有一段时间，不允许妇女上学。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ women were not allowed to go to school. 答案：There was a time when
必修一 Unit 2 English around the World I．Vocabulary subway n. 地下人行道；（美）地铁 elevator n. 电梯；升降机 petrol n. 汽油 （=美gasoline） oficial adj. 官方的；正式的；公务的 voyage n. 航行；航海 conquer vt. 征服；占领 because of 因为；由于 native adj. 本国的；本地的 n. 本地人；本国人 come up 走近； 上来； 提出 apartment n. 公寓住宅；单元住在 fluent adj. 流利的；流畅的 fluently adv. 流利地；流畅地 such as 例如……; 像这种的 frequent adj. 频繁的；常见的 frequently adv. usage n. 使用；用法；词语惯用法 command n. & vt. 命令；指令；掌握 have a good command of … 精通；掌握 request n. & vt. 请求；要求 at sb’s request 应某人邀请 dialect n. 方言 高中英语课文详解及考点连接 Edited by Yanglei actually adv. 实际上；事实上 base vt. 以……为根据 n. 基部；基地；基础 be based on 以……为根据 at present 现在；目前 gradual adj. 逐渐的；逐步的 gradually adv. 逐渐地；逐步地 enrich vt. 使富裕；充实；改善 vocabulary n. 词汇；词汇量；词表 make use of 利用；使用 take advantage of 利用； 使用 spelling n. 拼写；拼法 latter adj. 较后的；后半的；（两着中）后者的 identity n. 本身；本体；身份 expression n. 词语；表示；表达 midwestern adj. 中西部的；有中西部特征的 play a part (in) 扮演了一个角色； 参与 eastern adj. 东方的；东部的 southeastern adj. 东南方的；来自东南的 northwestern adj. 西北方的；来自西北的 recognize vt. 辨认出；承认；公认 lorry n. (美= truck)卡车 accent n. 口音；强调；重音 lightning n. 闪电 straight adv. 直接；挺直 adj. 直接的 block n. 街区；块；木块；石块 cab n. 出租车 5
II. Reading The Road to Modern English
At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English.译文：在16世纪末，大约有500
万至700万人说英语。【注释：at the end of …：在…末尾；at the end of the day最终，到头来；be at (have come to) the end结束，完成；be at the end of到了…的尽头；几至耗尽； all ends up完全地，彻底地；in the end最后，终于；by the end of…:到…为止。】 Nearly all of them lived in England.译文：他们几乎都住在英格兰。 Later, in the next century, people
from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.译文：后来，在随后的一个世纪里，来自英格兰的人航行征服其它地方，因此，在许多其它国家
开始说英语。【注释：because of意为“因为，由于”，后跟名词、代词或动名词，在句中作状语；owing to意为“把成绩或功劳归功于…”,在句中作状语和表语, 如：He has made great progress in English owing to your tutorship.. 而due to则是指“把失败或挫折归咎于…”，在句中作状语和表语,如： Due to the extreme cold, we were unable to plant the trees.由于天气很冷, 所以我们无法去植树。 thanks to意为“幸亏”，只作状语，如：This is a great success,—— thanks to your help.】 Today, more
people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.译文：如今，人们比以前更多地把英
语当成第一、第二或一门外语。【注释：as介词，意为：当作，作为。】
Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English. 译文：
即使当地说英语的人说的不是同一种英语，他们也能彼此懂得。【注释：①native speaker
说本族语的人,。native（常与to连用，指动植物）特产的，原产于；（也可以指品质）与生俱来的，天赋的，天生的。如：1）Banana is native to Taiwan.香蕉是台湾的土特产。2) He has a great deal of native intelligence, ability, charm, etc. 他天生聪明、能力强、有魅力等。②even if = even though意为“即使，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。如：I wouldn't lose courage even if I should fail ten times.即使要失败十次, 我也绝不灰心。{试题：⑴ Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, ____ they knew it to be valuable.
A. as if B. now that C. even though D. so that
⑵ Allow children the space to voice their opinions, _____ they are different from your own. A. until B. now that C. even though D. as though}】
Look at this example: 译文：看这个例子：
British Betty: Would you like to see my flat?译文：英国的Betty:你愿意来看我的公寓吗？【注释：Would you like to …:愿意，意欲】
American Amy: Yes. I’d like to come up to your apartment.译文：美国的Amy: 好的，我很想来看你的公寓。【注
释：①come up:走近，上来，发芽，发生，（意见、观点）被提出，（太阳、月亮）生起。如：1） He came up and introduced himself. 他走上前来作自我介绍。 2） I’ll let you know if anything comes up.如果发生什么事的话，我会让你知道的。注意：come up with表示：想出，提出。如：I came up with a proposal and it soon came up at the meeting.我想提出一条建议，很快这条建议在会上被提出来了。{试题：They thought about it for a long time, but still couldn’t ____ a solution. A. come up B. come up with C. get along with D. come out} ②flat (英)公寓；apartment (美)公寓。③I’d like to …: 我愿意…; 我很
高中英语课文详解及考点连接 Edited by Yanglei 想…。如：I’d like to help you with your English.】
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So why has English changed over time? 译文：为什么英语会随时间而改变呢？【注释：over time随着时间的过去。】Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other.译文：实际上，在
文化碰撞和交流过程中，所有语言都会改变和发展。【注释：①meet with偶然碰到，碰到；遭受，受到；和…会面。如：1）She met with an old friend at a dinner party.她在一次宴会上偶然遇到一位老朋友。2）Again and again the test met with no success.这一试验一再遭到失。3）He met with the Prime Minister of Japan for an hour.他和日本首相会见了一个小时。②communicate with…:与…联系，与…交流，与…沟通。如：I communicate with him regularly by letter.我与他定期通信。】 At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today.译文：起初，
在公元450年至公元1150年在英国所说的英语不同于现在所说的英语。【注释：①at first起初，开始。②spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150是过去分词短语作定语，相当于定语从句which was spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150. 注意：过去分词作定语表示该分词与所修饰的词之间的关系式被动关系。 ③be different from…： 与…不同。 {考题：1. (09全I-35) Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions ___? A. take B. taking C. taken D. to take
2. (09京-24) For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit ____ on his own farm. A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow
3. (09申-33) With the government’s aid, those ____ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected
4. (09赣-22) ____ the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars. A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given 5. (08湘-26) The trees ____ in the storm have been moved off the road.
A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow down 6. (08赣-28) We finished the run in less than half the time _____ . A. allowing B. to allow C. allowed D. allows
7. (08浙-13) It is one of the funniest things _____ on the Internet so far this year. A. finding B. being found C. to find D. found 8. (08闽-33) —— Can those ____ at the back of the classroom hear me? —— No problem.
A. seat B. sit C. seated D. sat
9. (07湘-34) “Things ____ never come again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself. A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. have lost
10. (06京-28) There have been several new events ____ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. A. add B. to add C. adding D. added
11. (06鲁-29) Five people won the “China’s Green Figure” award, a title _____ to ordinary people for their contributions to
environmental protection.
A. being given B. is given C. given D. was given
12. (05京-32) The prize of the game show is $ 30,000 and an all expenses ____ vacation to China. A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid
答案1-12: CACDB CDCAD CB}】 It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.译文：当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而我们今天所说的英语则不是。【注释：more… than …：与其说… 不如
说….。如：He is more lazy than stupid.与其说他蠢笨，不如说他懒惰。 注意：⑴more than + 名词，表示“不仅是，不只是”，相当于not only; 如：Hibernation is more than sleep.冬眠不仅仅是睡觉。 ⑵ more than + 数词，表示“超过，多于”，相当于over; 如：There’re more than 50 students in our class. 在我们班有50多名学生。⑶ more than + 形容词/副词，表示“非常，十分”，与“very”同义； 如：In class, she is more than attentive.在课堂上，她非常认真听课。 ⑷ more than + that sb. can/could do oneself. 表示“超出某人能力范围，或超出了…范围”。如：The job is more than I can do myself 那工作超出了我的能力范围。 ⑸ no more than意为“只有、仅仅”,相当于only； 而not more than表示“至多，不超过”，相当于at most; {试题： Mr. Brown is ____ a teacher to us; we look on him as our friend. A. more than B. more or less C. less than D. more and
高中英语课文详解及考点连接 Edited by Yanglei
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more } ②be based on …：以…为基础。注意：可以用based on的独立结构形式作状语，类似于according to. On the base of…：以…为基础。{试题： ____ on this report, the English government decided to ask Captain James Cook to go and look for this continent. A. Having based B. Basing C. Based D. To be based } ③at present目前，现在。 For the present现在，目前。 Be present at …:出席…。 Present sth. to sb.把某物作为礼物送给某人。】 Then gradually between about AD
800 and 1150, English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French. 译文：然后,在公元800年至公元1150年期间，由于那些统治英格兰的人先说丹麦语，后来又说法语，这样英语就
逐渐变得不像德语了。【注释：① become less like变得不像。 ②who ruled England是由who引导的定语从句，who为关系代词，代指前面的先行词those,用于指“人”。 ③{辨析：rule, govern, control都有“管理，支配，控制”之意，当govern和rule用作“统治，控制”一个国家时，可以互换。但，⑴rule是正式的、庄重的的用语，常用贬义，比govern更专权地管理或统治，含有专制或独裁的意味。⑵govern指靠权力、专制或按宪法来系统地管理、统治国家、城市、机构等，含有需要知识和判断力来治理和管理的意味。⑶control指人对事物的一般控制与约束，含有强制使其服从的意味。{试题：1）Alexamder the Great _______ (over) a large empire. 2) She couldn’t __________ herself that moment. 答案：1) ruled; 2) control} }】
These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary.译文：这些新定居者丰富了英语语言，
尤其是在词汇方面。【注释：①enrich是en + rich构成的派生词，意为“使丰富”，其结构式为“en + 形容词”。 ②especially表示递进关系，意为“尤其是”，而specially则表示目的，意为“专门地，特殊地”。 试题：1）he despised them all, _______ Sylvester.他瞧不起他们所有的人，尤其是西尔维斯特。2) I came here ___________ to see you.我特地到这里来就是为了看你。答案：1） especially； 2）specially。】 So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than
ever before. 译文：所以，到了十七世纪莎士比亚比以前能使用更为宽泛词汇。【注释：make use of…利用，使用； make full
use of…充分利用；make good use of…好好利用；make little use of …不充分利用；take full advantage of…充分利用。例如：1) We should consider what use can be made of such a material. 2) In my opinion, the old shopping bag can still be made use of. 试题： 1) The money collected should be made good use ____ the people who suffered a lot in this terrible earthquake. A. of helping B. to help C. to helping D. of to help 2) The manager of the company told us that very little ____ was made of the waste material in the past. A. cost B. value C. use D. matter】In 1620 some British settlers moved to America.译文：在1620年，一些英国移民移到美国。 Later in the 18th century some British people were taken to Australia too.译文：后来，在18世纪一些英国人也被带到澳大利亚。【注释： sb. is taken to sp.某人被带到某处。】 English began to be spoken in both countries.译文：在这两个国家开始说英语。
Finally by the 19th century the language was settled.译文：最终，到19世纪这种语言稳定下来。【注释：settled adj.
不变的,不大可能改变的,稳定的. 例如：Once we get settled, we must ask the neighbours in for coffee.我们一安顿下来,就一定请邻居来家里喝咖啡。】 At that time two big changes in English spelling happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his
dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language.译文：当时，英语拼写
出现两大变化：首先Samuel Johnson写了一部词典，后来Noah Webster写了美国英语词典。【注释：at that time当时，在那时】 The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.译文：后者对美国英语拼写给予单独特性。【注释：the latter后者；与其意思对应的是the former“前者”； latter adj. 后者的，后半的，接近终了的； late adj. 迟的，晚到的；later adv较晚地; lately adv. 近来，最近，不久前。例如：1）Have you seen him lately?你最近见到过他吗? 2）We later learnt that this wasn't true at all.我们后来了解到根本不是这么回事。】
English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia.译文：现在在南亚，英语也作为一门外语或第二语言。 For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.译文：例如，由于英国从1765年至1947年统治印度，所以印度拥有大量的能流利说英语的人。【注释：
①a large number of …许多，大量的。 注意以下短语后跟的名词不同： (1) a large/ great/ good number of (2) a great/ good deal of
a great/ good many + 可数名词 a great/ large amount of + 不可数名词 a good few n.[c] quite a little n.[u] quite a few the number of + n.[c]
(3) a lot/ lots of (4) an amount of + n.[u]
后跟单数式谓语动词
a great/ large quantity of + 可数名词复数 a quantity of + n. [c,u] large quantities of 或不可数名词 amounts of + n.[u]
后跟非单数式谓语动词
高中英语课文详解及考点连接 Edited by Yanglei
plenty of n.[u,c] quantities of + n.[u,c]
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试题：As you can see, the number of cars on our roads ____ rising these days. A. was keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping 】 During that time English became the language for government and education. 译文：在此期间，英语成为用于政府和教育的语言。English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries
in Africa such as South Africa. 译文：在新加坡、马来西亚以及非洲一些国家如南非也说英语。【注释：such as用
来列举出前文所讲的同类人或事物的部分内容，意为“例如，比如”。如：We dislike people such as him.我们不喜欢像他这号人。】Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.译文：如今，中国学英语的人数在快速增长。【注释：the number of …作主语时，其后的谓语动词使用三单式形式】 In fact, China may have
the largest number of English learners. 译文：事实上，中国可能拥有学英语的人数最多。【注释：in fact事实上。】 Will Chinese English develop its own identity? Only time will tell.译文：中国英语会形成自己的特色吗？只有时
间才能告诉我们。
7．Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.
【精提取】 even if或even though意为“即使，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。 【巧应用】 即使我得一路走着去，我也要走到那里。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ all the way，I’ll get there. 答案：Even if I have to walk
8. It was based more on German than the English we speak at present. 【精提取】 more...than...与其说……倒不如说……
【巧应用】 造成她不愉快的原因，与其说是他所说的话，倒不如说是他的说话方式。
It was ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________what he said that made her unhappy. 答案：more the way he said it than
9. However，on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak.
【精提取】 the way＋定语从句，定语从句的引导词在从句中作状语时，可用that，in which，也可以省略。 【巧应用】 我不喜欢你嘲笑她的那种方式。
I don’t like ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ . 答案：the way in which you laughed at her
高中英语课文详解及考点连接 Edited by Yanglei
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必修一 Unit 3 Travel Journal
I． Vocabulary
journal n. 日记，杂志，定期刊物 detail n. 细节；详情 transport n. 运送；运输 vt. 运输； source n. 来源；水源 prefer vt. 更喜欢；选择某事物 determine vt. 决定；下定决心 （而不选其他事物） disadvantage n. 不利条件；不便之处 fare n. 费用 route n. 路线；路途 flow vi. 流动；流出 n. 流动；流量 ever since 从那以后 persuade vt. 说服；劝说 cycle vi. 骑自行车 graduate vi. 毕业 n. 大学毕业生 finally adv. 最后；终于 schedule n. 时间表；进度表 vt.为…安排时间 fond adj. 喜爱的；慈爱的；宠爱的 be fond of 喜爱；喜欢 shortcoming n. 缺点 stubborn adj. 顽固的；固执的 care about 关心；忧虑；惦念 care for 照顾；照料 be determined to do sth. 下决心做某事 delta n. 三角洲 attitude n. 态度；看法 Qomalangma n. 珠穆朗玛峰 boil vi. (指液体)沸腾；(水)开 forecast n. & vt. 预测；预报 parcel n. 小包；包裹 insurance n. 保险 wool n. 羊毛；毛织品 reliable adj. 可信赖的；可靠的 view n. 风景；视野；观点；见解 vt. 观看；注视；考虑 yak n. 牦牛 pillow n. 枕头；枕垫 midnight n. 午夜；子夜 flame n. 火焰；光芒；热情 beneath prep. 在……下面 temple n. 庙宇；寺庙 cave n. 洞穴；地窖 organize vt. 组织；成立 change one’s mind 改变主意 journey n. 旅行；旅程 altitude n. 海拔高度；高处 give in 投降；让步；屈服 atlas n. 地图；地图集 glacier n. 冰河；冰川 rapids n. 急流 valley n. (山)谷；流域 waterfall n. 瀑布 vi.缓慢而行；踱步 bend n.弯；拐角 vt.使弯曲 vi.弯身；弯腰 meander n. （指河流）蜿蜒缓慢流动 make up one’s mind下决心；决定 as usual 照常 pace n. 一步；速度；步调 at midnight 在午夜 II. Reading JOURNEY DOWN THE MEKONG PART I THE DREAM AND THE PLAN梦想和计划
My name is Wang Kun.译文：我叫王昆。 Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.译文：自从上中学后，我和姐姐王伟一直梦想进行一次长途自行车旅行。【注释：①ever since
“从那时起，自那以后”，往往与现在完成时连用。② dream about梦见，梦到，梦想，向往。如：1） She dreamed about a handsome young prince coming to rescue her from her misery.她梦见一个年轻英俊的王子走来把她从苦难中救出。 2）He got the first place this time, but he never dreamed about it.这回他得了第一名, 但他做梦也没想到。 3） Many people dream about living on an island in the South Seas.许多人向往在南海的一个岛上生活。③dream of 梦见；渴望，梦想。如： 1） I often dreamed of my younger brother soon after I left home.刚离开家时, 我常梦见弟弟。 2）He has dreamed of a trip to Beijing.他曾做梦到北京旅行。3) I never dreamed of such a thing.我从没梦想过这样的事情。 4）I've long dreamed of paying a visit to the Great Wall.我一直渴望游览长城。 特殊结构： ⑴ I would not / never dream of…我做梦也想不到…; 未想过… ⑵ realize one’s dream = one’s dream comes true.实现梦想。如： She realized her dream of becoming a good model.她实现了做一名优秀模特的梦想。】
Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike and then she persuaded me to buy one.译文：两年前，她买了
一辆昂贵的山地车，然后也劝我买了一辆。【注释：①persuade sb. to do sth.(= persuade sb. into doing sth.)说服某人做某事；劝服某人做某事。如： It wasn't easy, but I persuaded him to do the right thing.虽然不容易，但是我还是说服了他去做正确的事。
高中英语课文详解及考点连接 Edited by Yanglei
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persuade sb. of sth.= persuade sb. that …使某人相信某事。如： How can I persuade you of my sincerity?我如何能够让你相信我的诚意呢？ Try to persuade sb. to do sth. = advise sb. to do sth.尽力说服某人做某事。如： He tried to persuaded me to give up smoking, but in vain.他尽力劝服我戒烟，但是没有用。 辨析：persuade强调结果，指“劝说”并使之“听从”； advise着重动作，指“劝说”但不一定说服成功，相当于try to persuade.】 Last year, she visited our cousins, Da Wei and Yu Hang
at their college in Kunming. 译文：去年，她看望了在昆明大学里的老表——大卫和于杭。They are Dai and grew up in western Yunnan Province near the Lancang River，the Chinese part of the river that is called the Mekong River in other countries.译文：他们是傣族人，成长于云南西部的澜沧江之畔，该河在中国境内叫作澜沧江，而在其他国家境内则
叫作湄公河。【注释：grow up长大，向上生长 eg. 1) Tom wants to be a coach when he grows up.汤姆长大后想当教练。 2) All plants like to grow up toward the sunlight.所有的植物都喜欢朝着阳光向上长。】Wang Wei soon got them interested in cycling too. 译文：王伟也很快让他们对长途自行车旅行感兴趣了。【注释：get sb. interested in…使某人对…感兴趣。 interest in …对…感兴趣. eg. His two interests in life are music and paintings.他生平两大爱好是音乐和绘画。 believe in信任; eg.
I don't believe in ghosts, do you?我不相信有鬼, 你呢? success in …的成功 eg. The president had some success in restoring confidence.总统在恢复信心上获得了一些成功。】After graduating from college, we finally got the chance to take a bike trip. 译文：大学毕业后，我们终于有机会进行自行车旅行。【注释：① graduate from从…毕业; 进步, 进展 eg. 1) He
graduated from Taipei University.他毕业于台北大学。 2) He was graduated from a normal college.他是一个师范学院的毕业生。 3) Our son has just graduated from a tricycle to a proper bicycle.我们的儿子刚刚从骑三轮车过渡到骑普通自行车了。 ② to take a bike trip是动词不定式作定语，修饰限制前面的名词chance.】 I asked my sister, “Where are we going ?” 译文：我问姐姐：“我们要去哪里？”It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where
it begins to where it ends. 译文：正是姐姐首先拿定主意，要沿着整个湄公河从源头骑到入河口。【注释： It is/was sb.
who/that does sth. 这是个强调句，被强调的是人,可译为“正是某人做某事”； eg. It was Thomson who helped you with your English.正是汤姆逊帮你学英语。句型It is/ was sth. that …..则强调的是事物（包括时间、地点等） eg. It is in spring that all kinds of flowers begin to blossom out beautifully.正是在春天，各种花开始怒放。 强调句考查试题：
1.(2008年高考全国卷Ⅱ) It was in New Zealand ________ Elizabeth first met Mr.Smith. A．that B．how C．which D．when
2. —________you found out the accident which happened a month ago? —By looking into it. A．It was where that B．Was it how that C．How was it that D．Was it what that 3. (津2008) It was along the Mississippi River ____ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood. A. how B. which C. that D. where
4. (渝2008) It was not until midnight ____ they reached the camp site. A. that B. when C. while D. as
*5.(鲁2007) —— Where did you get to kow her? —— It was on the farm ___ we worked. A. that B. there C. which D. where Keys: ACCAD】
Now she is planning our schedule for the trip.译文：现在她正在制定旅行计划。
I am fond of my sister but she has one serious shortcoming.译文：我喜欢姐姐，但她有一个严重的缺点。【注释：be fond of …喜爱；爱好 eg. I'm fond of pop music.我喜欢流行音乐。】 She can be really stubborn.译文：她可能真的很
顽固。【注释：①stubborn顽固的，固执的 eg. 1) He is a stubborn child.他是个固执的孩子。 2) you're a silly, stubborn old woman.你是个愚蠢、顽固的老婆子。 ② (as) stubborn as a mule非常顽固的，倔如驴的】 Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly.译文：尽管她对去某些地方的最佳路线不
太清楚，但她却坚持要把这次旅行组织的尽善尽美。【注释：insist + that-clause; insist on 与stick to区别 ①insist + that-clause 坚决宣称,坚持说（后跟陈述语气，表述的是一种观点）
坚持认为，坚决要求（后跟虚拟语气，表述的是一种行为, 这种结构可转化为 insist on doing sth. eg. She insisted that she (should) leave at once.
She insisted on leaving at once.她坚持立刻就走。）
eg. 1) The chairman insisted that all was not doom and gloom.主席坚持说不是所有的事情都是消极和注定失败的。 2) I insisted that they should wait for our return.我坚决要求他们等我们回来。
②insist on后面常跟表示观点view、意见opinion、看法viewpoint、要求demand等主观概念。 eg. He insisted on his demand.
高中英语课文详解及考点连接 Edited by Yanglei stick to your promise.你必须遵守诺言。
试题：1) The man insisted ____ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.
A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding
2) Seeing that he was so seriously ill, I insisted that he ____ to hospital at once.
A. was sent B. be sent C. will be sent D. had been sent Keys: CB】
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他坚持他的要求。 stick to后面常跟表示原则principle、承诺promise、决定decision、计划plan等客观概念。 eg. You must
Now I know that the proper way is always her way.译文：现在我明白了尽善尽美的总是她的方法。 I kept asking her, “When are we leaving and when are we coming back?”译文：我不停地问她：“我们何时离开、何时回来？”【注释：keep doing sth.不停地做某事。 eg. The machine kept running.机器一直运转。】 I asked her whether she had looked at a map yet. 译文：我问她是否已经看过地图？【注释：whether she had looked at a map yet用的是过去完成时。过去完成时表示在过去的某个时间或动作之前已经发生或存在的状态，即必须有一个过去的时间或动作作参照。本句的asked是过去的参照动作，look at a map发生在asked之前，所以宾语从句要用过去完成时形式（即had looked）. 有关过去完成时考查试题： 1. (京2010-28) It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they ___ for me. A. had done B. did C. would do D. were doing
2. (湘2010-27) I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone ____ it. Was it you? A. has done B. had done C. would do D will do 3. (皖2010-28) —— Were you surprised by the ending of the film? —— No, I ____ the book, so I already knew the story. A. was reading B. had read C. am reading D. have read
4. (陕2010-15) If we ____ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.
A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken
5. (苏2010-30) —— Peter, where did you guys go for the summer vacation?
—— We _____ busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves. A. were B. have been C. had been D. will be Keys: ABBBC】
Of course she hadn’t; my sister doesn’t care about details.译文：当然，她没有看过，我姐姐不关心细节。【注释：①care about喜欢，担心，在乎；对…感兴趣 eg. 1) I really care about the students in my class.我的确喜欢这个班上的学生。 2) I don't
care much about music.我对音乐不很感兴趣。 3) The young people should care about the old.年轻人应该关心老人。 ② care for照顾，照料; 尊重eg. 1) The mother cared for the sick child day and night.母亲日夜照料着生病的孩子。 2) I do care for what he says.我对他的话的确很尊重。 ③ care to do sth.愿意做某事 eg. I don’t care to go to the party.我不太想去参加聚会。】 So I told her that the source of the Mekong is in Qinghai Province.译文：所以我告诉她湄公河的源头在青海省。 She gave me a determined look — the kind that said she would not change her mind.译文：她向我投一坚定的目光——那眼
神表明她不会改变主意。【注释：① determined坚定的，坚决的，决意的; be determined to do sth.决心做某事 eg. As he was not reconciled to his defeat, he was determined to try again in the next contest.他不甘心这次失败,决心在下次比赛中再作努力。 ② change one’s mind改变主意； make up one’s mind某人下定决心； have no/ a mind to do无/有意做，心里(不)想做； read one’s mind看出某人的心事； speak one’s mind直言不讳； be in/of two minds拿不定主意； give one’s mind to …注意； keep one’s mind on专心于； take sb’s mind off sth.转移某人的注意力； bear/ keep sth. in mind记住某事； bring/ call sth. to mind回忆某事； put sb. in mind of sth.使某人想起某事 eg. 1) Maybe you’ll think it over and change your mind.也许你愿意好好想想，会改变主意。 2) I have no mind to do as you tell me.我无意照你吩咐的去做。】 When I told her that our journey would begin
at an altitude of more than 5,000 metres, she seemed to be excited about it. 译文：当我告诉她旅行将会从5,000多米的海拔开始时，她似乎对此感到很激动。【注释：① at an altitude of…在…海拔。②be excited about对…感到激动】When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience.译文：当我告诉她空气稀薄很难呼吸并且很冷时，她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。【注释：句型sth. is + adj. (for sb.) to do中的to do与主语sth.,在逻辑上是动宾关系，所以不可再在to do后面加it/them作宾语；此句型可以转化为：it is + adj. (for sb.) to do sth.常用于此类结构的形容词有：light, heavy, difficult, easy, comfortable, interesting, bitter, fit等主要用来描述主语或宾语的性质。另外，句型it is + adj. (of sb.) to do sth.中的形容词多为kind, nice, clever, stupid, wise等，主要用来描写人的行为品质，该动词不定式的逻辑主语则有of 引出。Eg. 1) Today’s homework is very hard for me to finish.今天的作业我很难完成。 2) It was
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wise of you to do that.你那样做很聪明。 考题：（全2008） I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ____. A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed】 I know my sister well.译文：我非常了解姐姐。Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.译文：一旦她作出决定，什么也改变不了。【注释：①once在此处为
从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“一旦…就…”。如：Once you begin, you must continue.一旦开了头, 你就应当继续下去。 ②mike up one’s mind (to do sth.)下决心… eg. We have made up our minds to keep out of their quarrel.我们已经下定决心不理会他们之间的争吵。】 Finally, I had to give in.译文：最后，我不得不让步。【注释：give in (指政治立场的改变)屈服，让步，投降；give up（指遇到困难或挫折）放弃，认输, 猜不出 eg. 1) As neither management nor labour would give in, the union organized a strike.由于劳资双方互不让步, 工会组织了一次罢工。 2) I can't answer that puzzle; I give up.我猜不出这个谜语, 我认输了。】
Several months before our trip, Wang Wei and I went to the library.译文：在旅行前的几个月，我和王伟常到图书馆去。 We found a large atlas with good maps that showed details of world geography.译文：我们找到了一个大地图
集，所配的地图显示出地貌详情。【注释：that showed details of world geography是定语从句，修饰限制前面的先行词maps.】
From the atlas we could see that the Mekong River begins in a glacier on a Tibetan mountain. 译文：根据这份地图
集，我们明白了湄公河发源于西藏山脉上的一条冰河。At first the river is small and the water is clear and cold.译文：起初，河流狭小，河水清澈冰凉。【注释：at first起初，开始，首先 eg. At first, he was against our arrangement, but I managed to argue him round.起初, 他反对我们的安排, 但我设法使他改变了看法。】 Then it begins to move quickly.译文：然后，水势加快。 It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, travelling across western Yunnan Provice.译文：流过峡谷穿越滇西时，水流湍急，【注释：pass through经过，通过；经历，遭受；经历并完成 eg. 1) A diameter passes through the center of a circle.直径从圆心穿过。 2) John passed through a difficult period shortly after his marriage broke down.婚姻破裂不久, 约翰经历了一段短暂的艰难时期。 3) He passed through a university course in Houston.他在休斯敦修完了一门大学课程。】 Sometimes the river becomes a waterfall and enters wide valleys.译文：有时河流变成瀑布，流入宽阔的河谷。
We were both surprised to learn that half of the river is in China.译文：当得知该河的一半流经中国时，我俩都感到吃惊。 After it leaves China and high altitude, the Mekong becomes wide, brown and warm.译文：当她从中国和高原流过后，湄公河就变得宽阔，水色棕黄，河水温暖。 As it enters Southeast Asia, its pace slows.译文：流入东南亚之后，水流就变得舒缓。 It makes wide bends or meanders throgh low valleys to the plains where rice grows.译文：蜿蜒
曲折，流过低谷，进入平原，这里阡陌纵横。【注释：① bend弯曲处，（公路、河流或小路）转弯，折向；急转弯 eg. 1) The road bent left and then right.这条路先往左拐再往右拐。 2) The river slowly bends around Dittisham.河水缓缓绕过迪蒂斯汉姆。 ② meander (指溪流、河流等)蜿蜒而流 eg. A stream meandered towards the sea.一条小河蜿蜒地流向大海。 ③where rice grows是定语从句，修饰限制前面的先行词plains.】 At last, the rive delta enters the South China Sea.译文：该河三角洲流入南中国海。
重点句型：
1．Once she has made up her mind，nothing can change it.
【精提取】 once在此处为从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“一旦……就……”。 【巧应用】 一旦你许下诺言，就得遵守诺言。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ，you should keep it. 答案：Once you have made your promise
2.A determined person always tries to finish the job，no matter how hard it is.
【精提取】 no matter...是连词词组，作“不管；无论”解，同what，who，when，how等词连用，引导表示让步的状语从句。
【巧应用】 不管发生什么事，不要泄气。
________ ________ ________ ________，please don’t be discouraged. 答案：No matter what happens
3．To climb the mountains was hard work but as we looked around us，we were surprised by the view. 【精提取】 To climb the mountains为不定式短语作主语，谓语动词用单数，也可以用形式主语it。 【巧应用】 学习一门外语对你今后的工作是很重要的。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________is important for your future work.
高中英语课文详解及考点连接 Edited by Yanglei
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答案：To learn a foreign language 4．We can hardly wait to see them!
【精提取】 can hardly wait to do sth./for sth.或cannot wait to do sth./for sth.是固定句式，意为“迫不及待地要做某事，急切地做某事”。
【巧应用】 经过这次漫长而又疲惫的旅行，玛丽迫不及待地想回到家。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ after such a long and tiring journey. 答案：Mary couldn’t wait to get home
5．When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold，she said it would be an interesting experience.
【精提取】 the air would be hard to breathe是“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构，其中the air是breathe的逻辑宾语。
【巧应用】 英语难以短时间内学好。
English________ ________ ________ ________ ________ in a short time. 答案：is difficult to learn well 【词义辨析】 persuade，advise
(1)persuade强调说服，劝服的结果。 如果“劝说”不服，不能直接用persuade，而应用try to persuade或advise，或者用persuade的否定式。eg.
Jack tried to persuade Tom to go，but failed at last.杰克试图说服汤姆去，但最终失败了。 (2)advise sb.to do sth.“建议或劝说某人去做某事”，强调提出建议但对方不一定接受。 He advised me to go with him，but I wouldn’t.他建议我跟他一块去，但我不愿意。 【考题检测】
1. We trust you；only you can________him to give up smoking. A．suggest B．attract C．advise D．persuade
2. —Have you________him to give up the job? —Yes，I have.But he doesn’t listen to me. A．persuaded B．suggested C．agreed D．advised
[DD]。
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