牛津译林版9AUnit8 Detective stories Grammar精讲(有答案)

牛津译林版9AUnit8 Detective stories Grammar精讲（有答案）

限制性定语从句与关系代词

在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫做定语从句，它通常放在名词或代词的后面，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词在定语从句中也充当某个成分。可分为关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose)和关系副词(when,where,why等)。

在定语从句中，关系代词的选用取决于先行词和它在从句中所充当的成分。

1.当先行词是人时，关系代词可以用that或who (whom)，在定语从句中作主语或宾语(whom只作宾语); 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略。

(1) Do you know the man who/that is lying on the grass?

你认识那个躺在草地上的人吗?

(2) The man ( that/who/whom ) I talked with just now was my friend's father.

刚才我跟他讲话的人是我朋友的父亲。

2. 当先行词是物时，关系代词可以用that或which,在定语从句中作宾语时，可以省略。

(1) I live in the house that/which was built last year.

我住在去年建的那幢房子里。

(2) I can't find the letter ( that/which) I wrote this morning.

我找不到今天上午写的信了。

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牛津译林版9AUnit8 Detective stories Grammar精讲（有答案）

3. whose表示“某个人的\"，作定语，在定语从句中修饰一个名词。

(1) I have a good friend whose mother is very tall. 我有个好朋友，他的妈妈个子很高。

(2) Let's help the boy whose father has been ill for a month.咱们帮帮那个爸爸病了一

个月的男孩吧。

注意：

①当whom和which在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词可以提前，但不可拆分的动词短语中的介词不能提前。

The house in which we are living now was built last year.我们现在住的房子是去年建的。

The girl with whom you often go to the cinema is my cousin.你經常跟她去看电影的那个女孩是我表姐。

I have found the key that /which you looked for just now.我找到了你刚才找的钥匙。

②当先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时，关系代词只能用that, 而不用which。

This is the best picture that I have ever seen.这是我见过的最好的图画。

③当先行词被all,no,any,the only等词修饰时，关系代词用that,不用which。

I am the only one that you can believe in.我是你唯一可以信任的人。

④当先行词是something, anything,nothing等不定代词时，关系代词用that,不用which。

I am not interested in anything that he told me,我对他告诉我的任何事都不感兴趣。

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牛津译林版9AUnit8 Detective stories Grammar精讲（有答案）

⑤当先行词中既有人又有物时，关系代词只能用that。

Have you thought of the people and the things that you need in your speech?你想到了你的演讲中需要的人和物了吗?

⑥在定语从句中已经有关系代词作宾语或主语了，定语从句中就不能再出现它相应的宾语或主语。

I will go to the museum that I visited it last year.我要到我去年参观过的博物馆去。(应去掉it)

My aunt who she works in a hospital gave me a present.我的那位在医院工作的阿姨给了我一件礼物。(she多余)

⑦在含有定语从句的复合句中，如果关系代词作从句的主语，则从句中谓语动词的人称和数与先行词保持一致。

Now we have ten classes which learn French.现在我们有10个学法语的班。

He is a man who is of value to the people.他是一个有益于人民的人。

【例题解析】

(1)( )一I really want to relax myself. Could we see City Danger tonight?

-Sure! The actor a hero used to be a schoolteacher. I like him very much.

A. who play B. which plays C. who plays D. that play

解析:我们可用“语法分析法”解答此题。分析空格所在句句子结构可知，这是含有定语从

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牛津译林版9AUnit8 Detective stories Grammar精讲（有答案）

句的复合句， a hero为定语从句，修饰the actor。先行词the actor(男演员)是人，所以关系词要用that或who,排除B项;当关系词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语应和先行词在人称和数.上保持一致;此处先行词the actor是单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故选C。

答案: C

(2)( )I hate the dogs live in the next house. They make loud noises all night.

A. who B. that C. what D. whom

解析:我们可用“语法分析法”解答此题。空格处为定语从句的关系代词。who指代人;that指代人或物;what意为“什么”不能引导定语从句;whom指代人，且在从句中作宾语。根据此空前的先行词dogs表示物可知，选B。句意:我讨厌养在隔壁房子里的那些狗。它们整晚弄出大的噪音。

答案:B

(3) ( ) She often parks her car near the house she can easily get to.

A. where B. who C. which D. what

解析:我们可用“语法分析法”解答此题。分析句子结构可知，本句是含定语从句的复合句。先行词the house指物，并且关系词在定语从句中作宾语，可用that或which引导定语从句。故选C。

答案:C

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牛津译林版9AUnit8 Detective stories Grammar精讲（有答案）

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