一、量表制定的历史
中医五态人格量表，又名五态性格测验表，简称为DY量表，由中国中医研究院1986年研制成功。该量表根据中医的气质阴阳学说制定而成，《内经》中有专章论及气质，从性格、体形、神志与举止等方面作了甚为详细的描述，并涉及气质与疾病及其治疗的关系。中医的气质分类有阴阳与五行两种，自阴阳学说又分为太阳、少阳、阴阳和平、少阴与太阴等五型。除阴阳和平型外，其余四型与古希腊学者依四液所分的四种类型和巴甫洛夫依神经活动的两个过程所分的四种类型的性格和行为表现极为相似。该量表是我国第一个自建的人格测定类量表，为通过大样本的流行病学调查修订，并结合国情建立了全国和各个地区的常模，是目前唯一全面测量、研究中医阴阳气质的量表。
二、量表的功能与适用范围
该量表是我国第一个自建的人格测定类量表，是目前唯一全面测量、研究中医阴阳气质的量表，广泛应用于临床和科研等诸多方面。目前，该量表常模的建立主要为城市成年人口，关于农村人口之常模还需另建，对于儿童有待在此基础上作进一步的发展，所以目前主要适用于城市成年人口的测查。
三、信度与效度
该测验表经过同质性信度检验，各量表题目的内部一致性的r都高于0.70表明具有较高的信度。经专家效度和临床效度的检验，具有良好的效度。
四、使用方法与计算方法
一、量表构成
该量表包括6个分量表，共103个题目，分为太阳、太阴、少阳、少阴、阴阳和平5个量表以及为测试受试者的掩饰、朴实与测试的信度的“掩饰”量表。但后者不作为一种性格分类，实际仍只中医原有的阴阳五态的五种类型，以这6个量表来判断被调查者每个量表得分之高低。
二、实施操作的基本步骤与方法
①建立合作关系
向受测者说明测验的意义、作用和要求，让受测者了解测验并能认真合作地完成测验。 ②回答问题或填写表格
六个量表的各项目混合排列。受评人对每一项目选择回答“是”或“否”。若符合自身实际情况时，即在答卷上相同的编号的“是”字上划圈；若不符合时，则在“否”字上划圈。
③评分与解释
对所有题目都以答“是”为得分，每题记1分，答“否”者不记分。测试完后计各分量表之总分。各分量表之最高分，即为它们的题目数，很少有人得满分或零分。凡答卷中未答题目超过五个时，即作废卷，不超过此数的未答题目，按答“否”计，不计分。同一题目既答“是”又答“否”者，以未答计，不计分。
各分量表主题目号： 太阳（Tya）：1，5，11，15，21，26，31，36，40，45，50，54，59，64，68，73，
78，86，95，100。
少阳（Sya）：2，6，12，16，22，27，32，37，41，46，51，55，60，65，69，74，79，82，87，91，96，101。
阴阳和平（Yy）：7，17，23，33，47，61，75，85，94，99。 少阴（Syi）：3，8，13，18，24，28，34，38，42，48，52，57，62，66，70，76，80，83，88，92，97。 太阴（Tyi）：4，9，14，19，25，29，35，39，43，49，53，58，63，67，71，77，81，84，89，93，98，103。 掩饰（L）：10、20、30、44、56、72、90、102。
各分量表所得总分是为粗分，或原始分，参考使用手册再换算成T分，制剖析图。 某一分量表得分高低，表示受试者该一维度性格的特点，也反映受试者反应之强度、灵活性，平衡性，持久性与趋近性等。如太阳得分高表示反应强度大，低则小，少阳得分高为灵活性大，反之则小，阴阳和平分高为平衡性好，反之则差，少阴分高为持久性好，反之则差；太阴得分高为趋近性差，反之助较好。太阳与太阴两者得分同时都突出时，要考虑受试者的性格不稳定，但在测验表中未列为一型而已。
各量表的最高分数，太阳、少阳、太阴和少阴各为26分，阴阳和平为10分。掩饰分高，表示受试者无虚假，无掩饰，朴实。分低则要考虑答卷的可靠性．
太阳分高：傲慢，自用，主观，冲动，有野心，不顾是非，暴躁易怒，不怕打击，勇敢激昂，有进取心，坚持自己观点，敢顶撞。
少阳分高：好为外交而不内附，敏捷乐观，轻浮易变，机智，动作多，随和，漫不经心，喜欢谈笑，不愿静而愿动，朋友多，善交际，喜文娱活动，作事不易坚持。
太阴分高：外貌谦虚，内怀疑忌，考虑多，悲观失望，胆小，阴柔寡断，与人保持一定距离，内省，孤独，不愿接触人，不喜欢兴奋的事，不务于时，保守，动而后之。
少阴分高：冷淡，沉静，心有深思而不外露，善辨是非，有节制，警惕性高，柔弱，做事有计划，不轻举妄动，很谨慎，稳键。 阴阳和平分高：态度从从容容，尊严而又谦谨，有品而不乱，喜怒不形于色，居处安静，不因物惑而遽有喜怒，无私无畏，不患得患失，不沾沾自喜，忘乎所以，能顺应事物发展规律，是一种有高度适应能力的性格。
五、应用情况
该量表是我国第一个自建的人格测定类量表，是目前唯一全面测量、研究中医阴阳气质的量表，广泛应用于临床和科研等诸多方面。
首先应用于对特殊群体的测查和筛选，例如，在对中医大学生中医五态性格研究中，巴莺乔应用五态性格测验表,对877名大学生进行测验。结果显示在少阳与太阴方面男女无差异,在太阳方面女性高于男性,在阴阳和平与少阴方面男性高于女性。各年级与全国总体性别常模比分量表大部分均值低于常模。表明对中医大学生进行心理干预时五态性格可作为参考依据。（巴莺乔，中医大学生中医五态性格研究，国际中华神经精神医学杂志 2002.11.15; 3(4): 276-277）在航天员和飞行员的心理选拔中，个性特征的测查是个十分重要的方面，张其吉等应用五态性格测验表对129名飞行员和6375名正常人进行测定和比较，探讨我国飞行员的个性特征，结果表明：我国飞行员中少阳性格和阴阳和平性格得分明显高于正常人群，提示灵活性或多血质者占多数；而太阴性格得分显著低于正常人，提示趋近性差或忧郁
质的人少，为今后航天员和飞行员的选拔提供科学依据。（张其吉、王芳琳、赵国璇等，飞行员中医五态性格的分析，中医杂志，1992，2）黎劲红等把中医阴阳个性理论引入运动心理学，对142名少年乒乓球运动员性格作分析，并与运动员比赛时心理类型作相关研究，初步认为，阴阳性格中太阳、阴阳和平、少阴等因素对乒乓球运动员技术发挥是有利的；太阴则相反；其中，少年乒乓球选手最好具备太阳加阴阳和平型或少阴加阴阳和平型的性格特征。（黎劲红、欧阳孝、莫绍宽等，少年乒乓球运动员中医阴阳性格分析，广东心理学纵横．广州：华南理工大学出版社1992：320—323）
广泛应用于精神科临床、心理卫生调查及心理治疗。例如，在对精神分裂症的五态性格测验分析中，甘景梨用中医五态性格测验表测试206例精神分裂症病人，结果表明精神分裂症病人少阴和太阴得分明显高于正常人群，提示持久性和趋近性差，或粘液质和忧郁质性格占多数；五态性格与艾森克个性维度、精神分裂症的临床类型、临床表现症状群及社会功能缺陷等均存在一定的关系。说明五态性格测验在临床中有一定的适用性（甘景梨，精神分裂症五态性格测验分析，河北精神卫生.1995,8(2).-75-77）。王德等将中医五态性格测验表应用于诊治的31例情志病人，发现情志病人的五态性格特征与正常人有明显区别，主要表现在情志病人太阴性格得分明显高于正常人，太阴得分高代表情志病人的趋近性大，性格内向明显； 而情志病人的太阳、少阳及阴阳和平性格得分又分别明显低于正常人，说明情志病人的强度、灵活性及平衡性都较常人差。这些情况与临床相符合。他们依据所测的不同的性格体质特征予以“舒肝养心祛痰”的中药结合传统的心理疗法，取得初步满意的疗效。（王德、王婵娟、周绍辉，中医治疗情志病临床初探，五态性格测验论文集，1995）
人格特点与疾病发生的关系，在现代心身医学中是一个重要的研究领域。戴晓玲等对78名萎缩性胃炎患者进行五态性格的研究，发现萎缩性胃炎患者阴阳和平量表及少阴量表得分均显著低于健康对照组(P<0.01，P<0.05)；其中症状明显组太阳、少阳得分显著低于症状不明显组(P<0.0l，P<0.05)；太阴得分显著高于症状不明显组(P<0.01)。结果提示，情绪不稳易冲动，遇事不冷静，在外界环境改变时不能迅速调节心理达到平衡以适应外界环境， 自制能力差等是萎缩性胃炎患者的个性特征。（戴晓玲等，萎缩性胃炎患者五态性格的研究，国际心身医学学术研讨会暨第四届全国心身医学学术会议）。朱林等采用五态性格测验表、生活事件体验调查表和社会支持测定表三种问卷来观察心理社会因素与肺癌的关系。结果显示肺癌患者太阳性格分值高于正常健康人常模(P<0.05)，太阴性格分值低于正常健康人常模 (P<0.01)。肺癌患者生活事件的频度与强度分值分别高于健康对照组和复治肺结核组(P<0.05)。社会支持测定结果显示肺癌组与各对照组间均无统计学显著差异(P>0.05)。研究结果表明，性格、生活事件与肺癌有一定的联系。（朱林、范若兰、李拯民，心理社会因素与肺癌关系的调查研究，五态性格测验论文集，1995）。汤小京等对67例原发性肝癌病人的五态性格测验表和明尼苏达多相人格测验表进行相关分析；发现原发性肝癌患者的性格特征趋向于阴、阳两极型，即以太阴、太阳型性格为主要外显行为模式。其阴盛者，表现为精神病态、精神衰弱、妄想狂精神分裂型人格特征；阳盛者，行为征象多以兴奋为主。（汤小京、申杰、林平，原发性肝癌病人的阴阳五态性格与MMPI的相关性，河南中医1994，14：17—18）。
应用于研究性格与行为的关系。例如，丁铁龄等以79例原发性肝癌患者与81例其他非原发性肝癌的恶性肿瘤患者对照，研究A型行为与五态性格的关系，发现肝癌组和癌症组的太阳及少阳得分与TH、 CH、 TH+CH得分呈高度相关(P<0.01)，肝癌组的少阴得分与TH得分呈负相关(P<0.05)，提示五态性格中太阳及少阳性格与A型行为呈高度正相关，由此推论肝癌组和癌症组的太阳及少阳性格在行为模式上会有相似之处。（丁铁龄等，A型行为与五态性格的相关性，河南中医1992，12：121）。王晓同按照中医气质学说阴阳分型方法探讨性格与酗酒的关系，对50例酗酒者的随机调查发现太阳型性格特征的人酗酒发生率为其
他类型性格特征的7倍，从心理因素为如何防止酗酒行为提供了依据。（王晓同，Tya性格与酗酒，中医心理论丛第三集1987，6）。
六、参考文献
1、 薛崇成，中医气质学说阴阳分型在我国人群中的分布情况的初步分析，中医杂志，1986，26（1），24-26。 2、巴莺乔，中医大学生中医五态性格研究，国际中华神经精神医学杂志 2002.11.15; 3(4): 276-277。
3、张其吉、王芳琳、赵国璇等，飞行员中医五态性格的分析，中医杂志，1992，2。
4、黎劲红、欧阳孝、莫绍宽等，少年乒乓球运动员中医阴阳性格分析，广东心理学纵横．广州：华南理工大学出版社1992：320—323。
5、甘景梨，精神分裂症五态性格测验分析，河北精神卫生.1995,8(2).-75-77 6、王德、王婵娟、周绍辉，中医治疗情志病临床初探，五态性格测验论文集，1995 7、戴晓玲等，萎缩性胃炎患者五态性格的研究，国际心身医学学术研讨会暨第四届全国心身医学学术会议
8、朱林、范若兰、李拯民，心理社会因素与肺癌关系的调查研究，五态性格测验论文集，1995
9、汤小京、申杰、林平，原发性肝癌病人的阴阳五态性格与MMPI的相关性，河南中医1994，14：17—18
10、丁铁龄等，A型行为与五态性格的相关性，河南中医1992，12：121 11、王晓同，Tya性格与酗酒，中医心理论丛第三集1987，6
12、薛崇成、杨秋莉，五态性格测验表手册，中国中医研究院针灸研究所
中医五态人格量表
编号： 指导语
测验表中共103个题目，请您阅读题目后想想是否符合您的情况，若符合时，即在答卷上相同的编号的“是”字上划圈；若不符合时，则在“否”字上划圈。这项测验只是医学上的一种调查，作为心理诊断治疗的参考，请不要有什么顾虑，请如实回答，保证为你保密。
TYa SYa YY SYi TYi L 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
凡是我认为正确的事情，我都要坚持。 ····································································· 是 否 1 我对日常生活中感兴趣的事太多了。 ········································································· 是 否 2
人家对我特别好时，我常疑心他们另有目的。 ··························································· 是 否 3 好像我周围的人都不怎么了解我。 ············································································ 是 否 4 不管别人对我有什么看法，我都不在乎。 ·································································· 是 否 5 我和周围的人都合得来。 ·························································································· 是 否 6 我说话做事，很有分寸。 ·························································································· 是 否 7 我遇事镇静，不容易激动。 ······················································································· 是 否 8 我时常感到悲观失望。 ······························································································ 是 否 9
10. 我读报纸时，对我所关心的事看的详细些，有的我只看标题。 ···································· 是 否 10 11. 在排队的时候，有人插队，我就向他提意见，不惜与他争吵一番。 ····························· 是 否 11 12. 我喜欢人多热闹的场合。 ··························································································· 是 否 12 13. 我认为对任何人都不要太相信，比较安全。 ································································ 是 否 13 14. 我喜欢独自一人。 ······································································································ 是 否 14
15. 我自信心很强。 ········································································································· 是 否 15 16. 我经常是愉快的，很少忧郁。 ····················································································· 是 否 16 17. 我说话做事，不快不慢，从容不迫。 ·········································································· 是 否 17 18. 我不爱流露我的感情。 ······························································································· 是 否 18 19. 我优柔寡断，不能当机立断，所以把许多机会都丢掉了。 ··········································· 是 否 19 20. 有时我也找关系买东西，但次数不多。 ······································································· 是 否 20 21. 我的朋友们说我是急性子。 ························································································ 是 否 21 22. 我对任何事情都抱乐观态度，对困难并不忧心忡忡。 ·················································· 是 否 22 23. 我性情不急躁，也不疲塌。 ························································································ 是 否 23 24. 当我要发火的时候，我总尽力克制下来。 ··································································· 是 否 24 25. 我缺乏自信心。 ········································································································· 是 否 25 26. 我认为毫不动摇地维护自己的观点是必要的。 ····························································· 是 否 26 27. 对不同种类的游戏和娱乐，我都喜欢。 ······································································· 是 否 27 28. 我认为对人不能过于热情。 ························································································ 是 否 28 29. 我不愿意同人讲话，即使他先开口，我也只应付一下。 ··············································· 是 否 29 30. 有时我也说一两句违心的话。 ····················································································· 是 否 30 31. 我不轻率作决定，一旦做出决定后，也不轻易更改。 ··················································· 是 否 31 32. 我爱好很广，但我并不长期坚持某一项目。 ································································· 是 否 32 33. 我处理问题，必定反复考虑其正反两方面。 ································································ 是 否 33 34. 我的态度从容，举止安详。 ························································································ 是 否 34 35. 就是在人多热闹的场合，我也感到孤独，或者提不起兴趣。 ········································ 是 否 35 36. 照我的意见做的事，即使失败了，我也并不追悔。 ······················································ 是 否 36 37. 在公共场所，我不怕生人，常跟生人交谈。 ································································ 是 否 37 38. 我不愿针对别人的行为表示强烈的反对或同意。 ························································· 是 否 38 39. 我不喜欢交际，总避开人多的地方。 ·········································································· 是 否 39 40. 我认为一个人应具有不屈不挠的精神。 ······································································· 是 否 40 41. 我容易对一个事做出决定。 ························································································ 是 否 41 42. 我很拘谨，我认为不能随随便便。 ·············································································· 是 否 42 43. 我常感到自己什么都不行。 ························································································ 是 否 43 44. 太忙时，我就有些急躁。 ··························································································· 是 否 44 45. 我要做的事，不管碰到什么困难，也要争取完成。 ······················································ 是 否 45 46. 有人夸奖我时，我就感到洋洋得意。 ··········································································· 是 否 46 47. 我不容易生气。 ·········································································································· 是 否 47 48. 我性情温和，不愿与人争吵，也不与人深交。 ····························································· 是 否 48 49. 我常担心会发生不幸事件。 ························································································· 是 否 49 50. 我爱打抱不平。 ·········································································································· 是 否 50 51. 我活泼热情，主动交朋友。 ························································································· 是 否 51 52. 我觉得做事要有耐心，急也无用。 ··············································································· 是 否 52 53. 我常常多愁善感，忧虑重重。 ······················································································ 是 否 53 54. 要说服我改变主意是不容易的。 ·················································································· 是 否 54 55. 有人挑剔我工作中的毛病时，我就不积极了。 ······························································ 是 否 55 56. 我对我的朋友和同事并不都是一样喜欢，对有的人好些，对有的人则差些。 ················· 是 否 56 57. 我脚踏实地做事，但主动性不够。 ··············································································· 是 否 57 58. 我的情绪时常波动。 ··································································································· 是 否 58
59. 我总是昂首（头）挺腰。 ····························································································· 是 否 59 60. 在沉闷的场合，我能给大家添些生气，使气氛活跃起来。 ············································· 是 否 60 61. 我处理问题不偏不倚，所以很少出错误。 ····································································· 是 否 61 62. 我的朋友们说我稳健。 ································································································ 是 否 62 63. 我没什么爱好，兴趣很窄。 ························································································· 是 否 63 64. 有人挑剔我的工作时，我必定与他争论一番。 ······························································ 是 否 64 65. 我常争取机会到外地观光访问。 ·················································································· 是 否 65 66. 我说话做事不求快，慢腾腾的，有条有理。 ·································································· 是 否 66 67. 我有时无缘无故感到不安。 ························································································· 是 否 67 68. 压是压不服我的，口服都不容易，更不用说心服。 ························································ 是 否 68 69. 我说话时常指手画脚。 ································································································ 是 否 69 70. 出风头的事，我不想干。 ······························································································ 是 否 70 71. 我宁愿一个人待在家里而不想出去访朋会友。 ····························································· 是 否 71 72. 我认为人多少都有点自私心，我自己也不例外。 ···························································· 是 否 72 73. 我想做的事，说干就干，恨不得立即就做成。 ······························································· 是 否 73 74. 人少时我就感到寂寞。 ································································································ 是 否 74 75. 我常悠闲自得。 ·········································································································· 是 否 75 76. 我不容易改变观点，但我却并不为此与人争辩。 ·························································· 是 否 76 77. 我容易疲倦，且无精打采。 ····················································································· 是 否 77 78. 我不怕打击。 ·········································································································· 是 否 78 79. 我认为不需要谨小慎微，不要过于注意小节。 ·························································· 是 否 79 80. 我对人处事都比较有节制。 ····················································································· 是 否 80 81. 我对什么事都无所谓。 ···························································································· 是 否 81 82. 别人说我开朗随和。 ································································································ 是 否 82 83. 我从不冒险。 ·········································································································· 是 否 83 84. 人家说我对人冷淡，缺乏热情。 ··············································································· 是 否 84 85. 我对人对事既热情又冷静。 ······················································································ 是 否 85 86. 朋友们说我办事有魄力，敢顶撞。 ············································································ 是 否 86 87. 我不拘谨，往往有些粗心。 ······················································································ 是 否 87 88. 我的举止言行都很稳重。 ·························································································· 是 否 88 89. 我不想大有作为而得过且过。 ··················································································· 是 否 89 90. 我有时完不成当天的工作而拖到二天。 ····································································· 是 否 90 91. 我处理事情快、果断，但不老练。 ············································································ 是 否 91 92. 我对人总是有礼貌而谦让的。 ··················································································· 是 否 92 93. 我宁愿依赖他人而不愿自立门面。 ············································································ 是 否 93 94. 我的态度往往是和悦而严肃的。 ················································································ 是 否 94 95. 假如人们说我乐观，我不以为然。 ············································································ 是 否 95 96. 我对事物的反应很快，从这件事一下就联系到别的事上了。 ······································ 是 否 96 97. 我觉得察言观色而后行事，是必要的。 ····································································· 是 否 97 98. 我时常生闷气。 ······································································································· 是 否 98 99. 无论是高兴或不高兴的事，我都坦然处之。 ······························································ 是 否 99 100. 我自信我的理想若能实现，就可以做出成绩。 ····························································· 是 否 100 101. 我喜欢说笑话和谈论有趣的事。 ··············································································· 是 否 101 102. 我认为一个人一辈子很难不说一两次谎话。 ······························································ 是 否 102
103. 我常沉思默想，有时想的脱离现实。 ········································································ 是 否 103
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