目 录
1
工艺鉴定要求 ................................................................................................................................................ 4 1.1 总则 ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 1.2 对生产设备及原材料的要求 ................................................................................................................ 4 1.2.1 生产线 ............................................................................................................................................ 4 1.2.2 水质要求 ........................................................................................................................................ 4 1.2.3 化工原材料要求 ............................................................................................................................ 4 1.2.4 质量检验手段 ................................................................................................................................ 4 1.3 工艺鉴定程序 ........................................................................................................................................ 4 1.4 试验及试片要求 .................................................................................................................................... 4 1.4.1 试片要求 ........................................................................................................................................ 4 1.4.2 试验项目及试片数量 .................................................................................................................... 5 1.5 试验方法及质量指标 ............................................................................................................................ 5 1.5.1 外观 ................................................................................................................................................ 5 1.5.2 耐蚀性 ............................................................................................................................................ 5 1.5.3 表面接触电阻 ................................................................................................................................ 5 1.5.4 无色转化膜中的六价铬含量......................................................................................................... 5 1.6 鉴定状态的保持 .................................................................................................................................... 5 2
批生产过程中零件质量检验要求 ................................................................................................................ 5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4
外观 ........................................................................................................................................................ 5 耐蚀性 .................................................................................................................................................... 6 表面接触电阻 ........................................................................................................................................ 6 六价铬含量 ............................................................................................................................................ 6
表目录
表1. 试验项目与试片 ............................................................................................................................................ 5
密级：秘密
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范 围:
本规范规定了铝及铝合金无色化学转化处理的工艺要求及其质量要求。
本规范适用于铝及铝合金无色化学转化处理的工艺鉴定、首样鉴定和批生产质量检验；可用于指导产品设计、采购和生产，以及用于生产者在零件化学转化处理过程中的质量检验。
供应商来料验收的抽检比例可按其它相关文件执行。
简 介：
铝合金化学转化处理是一种化学加工工艺，用此工艺所得到的表面膜层可作为有机涂层的底层，也可单独作为防腐蚀层应用。本规范明确规定了处理工艺为无色化学转化工艺，并制定了此种表面膜层的外观、耐蚀性、表面接触电阻等质量指标，作为华为对生产方进行工艺鉴定和生产者对零件生产质量进行控制的依据。
关键词：
铝，化学转化，膜，防腐蚀
引用文件：
下列文件中的条款通过本规范的引用而成为本规范的条款。凡是注日期的引用文件，其随后所有的修改单（不包括勘误的内容）或修订版均不适用于本规范，然而，鼓励根据本规范达成协议的各方研究是否可使用这些文件的最新版本。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本适用于本规范。
序号 文件编号 文件名称 1 IEC 60068-2-11 基本环境试验程序.第2部分:试验.试验Ka:盐雾 2 3 4 5 6 7 术语和定义 术语 化学转化 ISO 3613 ISO 4288 GB 5749 DKBA0.450.0011 YB010 YB019 等效标准 GB 2423.17 ASTM B117 锌、镉、铝-锌合金和锌-铝合金的铬酸盐转化膜 试验方法 GB/T 9791 触针式仪器测量表面粗糙度的规则和方法 生活饮用水卫生标准 铝及铝合金阳极氧化质量要求 标准样板----喷砂光亮阳极化 标准样板----拉丝 GB 10610 定义 通过化学处理使金属参与化学反应而在其表面形成不溶性盐类膜的处理过程。当所形成的膜层是氧化膜时，则称作“化学氧化”；当形成的膜层是铬酸盐膜时又称作“铬酸盐处理”或“铬化”。 无色化学转化 指铝材表面转化膜呈无色状（即铝本色）的化学转化工艺。 喷砂光亮无色化学转化 指经喷砂处理后再进行化学抛光和无色化学转化的表面处理工艺。 阳极氧化 在电流作用下，位于阳极的工件表面在电解液中形成氧化膜的处理过程。简称“阳极化” 局部氧化 指在一个铝零件上，一部分表面是阳极氧化、另一部分表面是化学转化的表面处理工艺方法。 全自动（或半自动）氧化全自动线：指零件的氧化处理过程均没有手工介入，全部由设备自动控生产线 制完成的生产线。 半自动线：指零件的氧化处理过程中除吊装设备由手工控制运动外、其它过程参数全部由设备自动控制完成的生产线。 表面接触电阻 是指接触件在进行机械接触时如通过电流，则在接触面处形成电压降，这个电压降和通过的电流求出的电阻称为表面接触电阻。 生产批 指同一天在相同条件下处理的、材料和形状相似的零件的总和。 Total14
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术语 丝印 定义 即丝网印刷。一种印刷工艺方法。 2022-02-24
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1 工艺鉴定要求
1.1 总则
生产者的工艺设备、工艺流程、质量保证措施应在其主要的工艺文件中加以说明。生产者的工艺质量必须满足第 1 节的要求。
1.2 对生产设备及原材料的要求 1.2.1 生产线
生产方必须具备半自动、或全自动氧化生产线，不允许用手工线生产。 每个槽位都必须有温度、时间的控制显示器，并在有效校验周期内。 烘干设备能自动控制温度和时间。
1.2.2 水质要求
所有工艺槽的配制用水必须用去离子水或蒸馏水；
化学转化处理前后的清洗用水必须用去离子水或蒸馏水；其它清洗用水必须达到 GB 5749 饮用水要求； 清洗槽中水流方式应采用逆流，或者定时更换。
（注：去离子水或蒸馏水的水质要求达到 PH=5.0-7.5，电导率不大于 10 μS/cm）
1.2.3 化工原材料要求
化学转化处理前各工艺槽所用化工原材料必须不低于相应工业级材料的国家标准要求； 化学转化及以后所用化工原材料必须不低于相应化学纯级材料的国家标准要求；
1.2.4 质量检验手段
生产方必须具有以下检测仪器：盐雾试验箱、粗糙度检测仪、表面接触电阻测量仪器、以及常规化学分析仪器 ，并能进行合格的试验操作。所有检测仪器设备都必须具有有效的校验合格证。
（注：盐雾试验也可委托外部进行，但其试验单位必须得到华为技术有限公司认可并备案）
1.3 工艺鉴定程序
被鉴定的工厂必须完成以下全部试验工作，这些试验必须在零件批生产所用的条件下完成： 试片加工 （注1） 表面处理 （注2） 试片检查及测试
提供试验报告（注3）及试片给华为技术有限公司以便复验。 注：1．鉴定用试片可由华为技术有限公司完成并提供给被鉴定工厂。
2、所有试片必须同时进行处理。
3、试验报告的发出者必须是华为技术有限公司认可的试验室或机构。
1.4 试验及试片要求 1.4.1 试片要求
材料： 6063 裸铝板
尺寸： 80×125×1 ～ 4 (mm) 2022-02-24
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表面粗糙度： Ra ≤ 1 m
表面处理： 无色化学转化；若需要局部氧化时，应在试片的同一面保持一半是阳极氧化膜、一半是化学转化膜。
1.4.2 试验项目及试片数量
下表给出了工艺鉴定所需的试验项目和试片数量要求:
表1. 试验项目与试片
试验项目 试片数量（片）① 外观 2 6① 耐蚀性 表面接触电阻 2 膜层中的六价铬含量 2 注：① 其中一半试样为提供华为技术有限公司进行复验用。
1.5 试验方法及质量指标 1.5.1 外观
所有试片应进行外观检查。
转化膜应是无色透明膜，表现为铝基底颜色；膜层必须连续、均匀、完整，无划伤、污染和腐蚀现象。 要求“光亮”化处理的外观应与 YB015 保持一致。
局部氧化的表面：两种膜层的分界整齐，无溶液渗漏现象，每种膜层外观均符合其对应的质量标准。
1.5.2 耐蚀性
按 IEC 60068-2-11 进行 100 小时的中性盐雾试验；试验后，在每一试片边缘5mm以外的表面上直径不大于 0.8 mm 的腐蚀点不能多于三个。
1.5.3 表面接触电阻
按下面所述方法在试片上的化学转化区域测试接触电阻。
利用微欧计，两个电极与被测表面接触，电极面积为 1cm2、电极压强为 1.4MPa（即压力 14kgf），在试样表面上任取两点进行测量，共测五次，其平均值应不大于10mΩ。
1.5.4 无色转化膜中的六价铬含量
按 ISO3613 中的六价铬存在试验方法检测转化膜中是否存在六价铬。
如果发现存在六价铬，则应利用ISO3613中的比色法定量检测六价铬含量（检测机构必须得到华为技术有限公司认可）。要求转化膜中的六价铬含量不能高于900ppm。
1.6 鉴定状态的保持
生产者应保持并遵守经华为技术有限公司正式批准的工艺和检验文件。 经过华为技术有限公司鉴定的工艺，在未得到华为技术有限公司的同意之前，不能改变任何可影响性能质量的工艺参数，否则将重新进行鉴定.。
2 批生产过程中零件质量检验要求
2.1 外观
1) 所有零件都应进行外观检查。
2) 处理后的零件应呈现铝基底颜色；转化膜必须连续、均匀。完整。 零件表面不允许有划伤、污染、腐蚀痕2022-02-24
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迹或疏松粉末；但允许有轻微的夹具印。焊缝及焊点处不允许膜层发黑。盲孔周围允许有轻微的（孔口半径方向外延不超过2mm）水印痕迹。
3) 喷砂表面外观应与标准样板 YB010 一致；拉丝外观应与 YB019 一致。当有争议时，按 ISO4288 方法
测试其粗糙度 Ra 应分别为：喷砂在1.4 ~2.0 µm ； 拉丝在1.7~2.7 µm。 4) 对局部氧化的零件：
阳极氧化膜可以向化学转化膜区域扩展、允许扩展的深度最多2mm；而化学转化膜不能向阳极氧化膜区域扩展；两种膜层的分界线应清晰、整齐，不能呈锯齿状；不能有溶液渗漏现象。
2.2 耐蚀性
1) 耐蚀性检查在与零件同时处理的试片（材料为6063裸铝，尺寸为80×125）或压铸、型材零件上进行。生
产零件为铝板材时用试片，生产零件是型材或压铸件时用零件或零件上的截取部分。 2) 试验应在化学转化处理完成 24H 以后、三天之内进行；每生产批至少检查一件
3) 按 IEC 60068-2-11进行中性盐雾试验：除铝压铸件进行 48 小时的试验外，其它铝零件要求进行100 小
时的试验；试验后，在试样距边缘5mm以外的表面上，每 1dm2表面上的腐蚀点不能多于 3个、直径不大于 0.8 mm。零件上的孔周边作为边缘对待。
4) 当生产的零件尺寸太大（不能放入试验箱）时，可以用该零件上的典型结构部分作替代试样。 5) 对于化学转化处理后进行了局部喷涂处理的零件，不要求检测耐蚀性。
6) 对于化学转化后只进行丝印、不再进行其它处理的零件，耐蚀性要求与上面第3）点一致。
2.3 表面接触电阻
1) 检测在零件上的无色化学转化处理区域进行。
2) 每生产批零件至少检查一件。按 1.5.3 节的描述进行检测，要求零件上任意两点间的电阻不大于 20 mΩ。
2
3) 若零件面积小于 1cm，允许用常规万用表的“声音”档进行检测，即将其测量电极平放、与零件表面接
触，施以轻压（小于140g），当有蜂鸣声（显示导电）时则认为合格。
2.4 六价铬含量
1) 属于华为指定的氧化加工商，由氧化者每年提供一次零件上的膜层环保检测报告；检测单位必须是华为认
可的机构。
2) 其它氧化商按以下要求进行试验测试：
3) 每周试验一次，有新调整化学转化处理溶液后也必须试验一次。试验样件必须从批生产零件中抽取至少一
件。检测在零件上的无色化学转化处理区域进行。
4) 按 ISO3613 中的六价铬存在试验方法检测钝化膜中是否存在六价铬。
5) 如果发现存在六价铬，则应利用ISO3613中的比色法定量检测六价铬含量（检测机构必须得到华为技术有
限公司认可）。要求转化膜中的六价铬含量不能高于900ppm。
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
REQUIREMENTS FOR PROCESS AUTHENTICATION ................................................................... 10 1.1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................................................. 10 1.2. REQUIREMENTS FOR PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS .................................................... 10 1.2.1. Production Line ........................................................................................................................... 10 1.2.2. Requirements for Water Quality .................................................................................................. 10 1.2.3. Requirements for Chemical Materials ........................................................................................ 10 1.2.4. Quality Control Method ............................................................................................................... 10 1.3. PROCESS AUTHENTICATION PROCEDURE ........................................................................................... 11 1.4. REQUIREMENTS FOR TESTS AND TEST PIECES ................................................................................... 11 1.4.1. Requirements for Test Pieces ...................................................................................................... 11 1.4.2. Test Items and Piece Quantities .................................................................................................. 11 1.5. TEST METHOD AND QUALITY INDEXES .............................................................................................. 12 1.5.1. Appearance................................................................................................................................... 12 1.5.2. Corrosion Resistance ................................................................................................................... 12 1.5.3. Surface Contact Resistance ......................................................................................................... 12 1.5.4. Chromium (VI) Content in Colorless Conversion Films ............................................................ 12 1.6. KEEPING OF AUTHENTICATION STATUS ............................................................................................. 12 2.
QUALITY CONTROL OF BATCH PRODUCTION ............................................................................. 13
APPEARANCE ........................................................................................................................................ 13
CORROSION RESISTANCE .................................................................................................................... 13 SURFACE CONTACT RESISTANCE ........................................................................................................ 13 CHROMIUM (VI) CONTENT .................................................................................................................. 14
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1 TEST ITEMS AND NUMBER OF TEST SPECIMENS .............................................................. 11 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4. 3.
REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................... 14
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Scope
This Specification describes the process and quality requirements for colorless chemical conversion treatment on aluminum and its alloys.
It applies to the process authentication, first article authentication and batch production quality control of colorless chemical conversion treatment on aluminum and its alloys. It aims to guide product design, purchase, production and quality control over parts' chemical conversion treatment by producers. The acceptance sampling rate of vendors' deliveries is determined according to other related documents.
Brief introduction
Chemical conversion treatment on aluminum alloys is a chemical process to produce surface films either as the base of powder coatings/paint films or independently as corrosion resistance films. This Specification defines the colorless chemical conversion treatment, and the appearance, corrosion resistance and surface contact resistance requirements for films produced with this treatment process. It can be used as the basis of producer process authentication by Huawei and part production quality control by producers.
Key words
Aluminum, chemical conversion, film, corrosion resistance
Referenced Documents
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this specification. For dated references, subsequent amendments, excluding corrections, to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this specification are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies.
No. 1 Document No. IEC 60068-2-11 Document Title Corrosion Tests in Artificial Atmospheres Salt Spray Tests Equivalent Standard GB 2423.17 ASTM B117 2 ISO3613 Chromate Conversion Coatings on Zinc, Cadmium, Aluminum Zinc Alloys and Zinc Aluminum Alloys Test Methods Rule and Method of Surface Roughness Measurement with Probe Instruments Requirements for Anodization of Aluminum and Its Alloys 第8页,共14页Page 8 , Total14
GB9791 3 ISO4288 GB10610 4 ential
DKBA0.450.0011
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No. 5 Document No. YB010 Document Title Sandblasting and Polishing Anodization (Huawei Standard Sample Material) Belt Grinding (Huawei Standard Sample Material) Equivalent Standard 6 YB019
Term & Definition
Term Chemical conversion Definition A chemical treatment process to form an insoluble salt film on metallic surfaces, called chemical oxidization when forming an oxide film and chromatizng or chromaking when forming a chromate film A chemical conversion process to form colorless (showing the color of aluminum) films on aluminum surfaces Transparent chemical conversion Sandblasting and polishing A transparent chemical conversion process that comprises sandblasting and chemical conversion polishing Anodizing Local anodizing Fully-automatic (or semi-automatic) anodizing production line Surface contact resistance Batch Silkscreen
The process of coating the anodic part surfaces electrolytically with an oxide A surface treatment process in which the surface of an aluminum part is partly anodized and partly chemically converted Fully-automatic line: fully automatic part anodizing by equipment Semi-automatic line: all anodizing process parameters except lifting equipment parameters are controlled by equipment Voltage on the contact surface of contact parts divided by the current through the part The collection of parts in similar shapes, made of similar materials, treated under identical conditions on the same day A printing technology, also called silkscreen printing ential
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1. Requirements for Process Authentication
1.1. General Requirements
Producer shall explain the equipment used, the process flow and the quality control measures in the main process documents. Producer shall ensure that their quality meet the requirements in section 1.
1.2. Requirements for Production Equipment and Materials 1.2.1. Production Line
Producer should have a semi-automatic or fully-automatic anodizing production line instead of a manual line.
Each tank is equipped with temperature and time controllers within their effective verification periods. The drying equipment has automatic temperature and time control.
1.2.2. Requirements for Water Quality
Distilled or de-ionized water is used as make-up water in all tanks.
Distilled or de-ionized water is used for rinsing before and after chemical conversion. The rinse water for other processes meets tap water.
Water flows in the opposite direction of the workflow in rinse tanks or is renewed regularly.
Distilled or de-ionized water meets the following requirements: PH = 5.0 to 7.5, conductivity 10 μS/cm)
1.2.3. Requirements for Chemical Materials
The tanks for processes before chemical conversion are made of chemical materials up to national industrial material standards.
The tanks for chemical conversion and later processes are made of chemical materials up to national CP material standards.
1.2.4. Quality Control Method
Producer should have the following instruments and meters ready for tests: salt spray test box, roughmeter, surface contact resistance meter and common chemical analyzers. All the instruments and meters are ential
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available with effective marks of conformity.
The salt spray test can be made by a third party approved by Huawei, which will keep a record of the party.)
1.3. Process Authentication Procedure
The authenticated factory should complete all the following tests under batch production conditions: Test piece manufacturing (Note 1) Surface treatment (Note 2) Test piece inspection and test
Provide test reports (Note 3) and pieces for Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. for retest.
1) Test pieces can be prepared by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. for authenticated factory. 2) All test pieces must be treated at the same time.
3) Test reports must be issued by labs or institutions approved by Huawei Technologies Co.,
Ltd.
1.4. Requirements for Tests and Test Pieces 1.4.1. Requirements for Test Pieces
Material:
6063 bare aluminum sheet 80 mm x 125 mm x 1 mm – 4 mm
Dimensions:
Surface roughness: Ra 1 m Surface treatment:
colorless chemical conversion. Local anodizing (when necessary) should be made
to form half anodized and half chemical conversion film.
1.4.2. Test Items and Piece Quantities
The following table lists the test items and piece quantities for process authentication:
Table 1 Test items and number of test specimens
Test Item Appearance Corrosion resistance ential
Test Piece Quantity (Note 1) 2 61 第11页,共14页Page 11 , Total14
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Surface contact resistance Chromium (VI) content in film 2 2
Note 1: Half pieces are for retest by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
1.5. Test Method and Quality Indexes 1.5.1. Appearance
Check the appearance of all test pieces by visual observation.
Conversion films should be colorless, transparent (showing the color of the aluminum base material), continuous, even, complete, without scratches, pollutions or corrosion. The appearance of polished surfaces should be consistent with YB015.
Locally anodized surfaces: Two kinds of films form regular borders without solution leakage. Each film meets its related appearance standard.
1.5.2. Corrosion Resistance
Follow IEC 60068-2-11 to make 100-hour neutral salt spray tests. There are at most three corrosion spots with a 0.8 mm or smaller diameter in the 5 mm margins of each test piece.
1.5.3. Surface Contact Resistance
Use the following method to test the contact resistance of the chemical conversion area of the test piece. Put the two poles of a microhmmeter on any two points of the tested surface. The area of each pole is 1 cm2, the pressure intensity is 1.4 MPa (the pressure is 14 kgf). Test five times and the average value should be not larger than 10 mΩ.
1.5.4. Chromium (VI) Content in Colorless Conversion Films
Follow ISO3613 to check for chromium (VI) in conversion films.
If chromium (VI) is found, follow ISO3613 to check its content with the colorimetric method (the tester must be approved by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.).The chromium (VI) threshold in conversion films is 900 ppm.
1.6. Keeping of Authentication Status
Producers shall maintain and follow the documents concerning process and inspection formally approved by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. When a process is authenticated by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., all the parameters that may affect the performance of finished parts shall be left as they are. Otherwise, re-authentication is required. ential
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2. Quality Control of Batch Production
2.1. Appearance
1. Check the appearance of all parts by visual observation.
2. After treatment, parts should be in the color of the aluminum base material. Conversion films should be continuous, even and complete. There should be no scratches, pollutions, corrosion or loose powder on part surfaces. Unobvious catcher marks are permitted. Films should not turn black in welding seams and welding spots. Unobvious water marks are permitted around blind holes within a 2 mm axial range. 3. The appearance of sandblasted surfaces should be consistent with YB010 and belt grinded surfaces with YB019. In case of any disputes, follow GB 10610 to test the roughness: Ra is between 1.4µm and 2.0µm for sandblasting and between 1.7µm and 2.7µm for belt grinding. 4. Locally anodized parts:
Anodized films can extend at most 2 mm to chemical conversion film areas while reverse extensions are unavailable. Two kinds of films form clear and regular borders without solution leakage.
2.2. Corrosion Resistance
1. This test is made on test pieces (80 mm x 125 mm 6063 bare aluminum sheets) treated along with parts, die casting parts or sectional parts. Use test pieces for parts made of aluminum sheets, and use parts or sections of parts for sectional parts and die casting parts.
2. Make the test between 24 and 72 hours after chemical conversion. Test at least one part for each batch.
3. Follow GB/T 10125 to make 48-hour neutral salt spray tests on aluminum die casting parts or 100-hour tests on other aluminum parts. There are at most three corrosion spots with a 0.8 mm or smaller diameter per dm2 in the 5 mm margins of piece surfaces. Areas around holes of parts are considered as margins. 4. A large part (than the test box can contain) can be replaced by a section of the part in typical structure. 5. This test does not apply to chemical conversion treatment followed by local spraying. 6. For chemical conversion treatment followed by silkscreen only, the third requirement applies.
2.3. Surface Contact Resistance
1. This test is made in colorless chemical conversion areas of parts.
2. Follow section 1.5.3 to check at least one part for each batch. The resistance between any two points ential 第13页,共14页Page 13 , Total14
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of a part should be not larger than 20 mΩ.
3. If a part's area is smaller than 1 cm2, test with the sound function of a universal meter. Place the poles horizontally on the part's surface and impose a light pressure (smaller than 140 g). If a buzz sounds (indicating conductivity), the part is qualified.
2.4. Chromium (VI) Content
Anodization vendors certified by Huawei provide an annual environmental test report on part films. The tester must be approved by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. The other anodization vendors follow these steps to test:
1. Test on a weekly basis and once the chemical conversion solution changes. Test at least one part for each batch. Test in colorless chemical conversion areas of parts.
2. Follow GB/T 9791-2003 to check for chromium (VI) in passivating films.
3. If chromium (VI) is found, follow GB/T 9791-2003 to check its content with the colorimetric method (the tester must be approved by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.).The chromium (VI) threshold in conversion films is 900 ppm.
3. References
This Specification is prepared by referring to the following documents without direct reference.
No. 1 2
Document No. Q/DKBA3002-2004 Version 1.0 12/6/2004 Document Title Environmental Certification Guide for Purchased Material Procedures for the Determination of Levels of Regulated Substances in Electrotechnical Products (IEC ACEA ad hoc Working Group) ential
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