Female Scientists Who Have Changed the World
There are still hundreds of relatively-unknown women who have changed the world with their research throughout history Tiera Guinn
This 21 -year-old scientist hasn't yet graduated from college, but Tiers Guinn's already doing rocket science. The MIT（麻省理工学院）senior is helping build a rocket for the United States that could be one of the biggest and most powerful ever made. She's an aerospace major with high credit points who also works as a Rocket Structural Design and Analysis Engineer for the Space Launch System that aerospace company Boeing is building for the US. Elizabeth Blackwell
Elizabeth Blackwell,who was born in Bristol, England in 1821,was the first woman to graduate from medical school in the United States, became an activist for poor American women's health, and went on to found a medical school for women in England. Jane Goodall
The most famous primate (灵长目）scientist in history, Jane Goodall was known for her work with chimps and as a champion of animal rights. And Goodall wasn't just working in a lab; she climbed trees and imitated the behavior of chimps in Tanzania to gain their trust and study them in their natural habitat. Rachel Carson
In the 1960s, one environmental scientist's voice rose above the rest to become central to American politics, culture, and foreign policy: Rachel Carson's. Her article, \"Silent Spring,\" warned of the dangers of pesticides（农药）and chemicals to humans, plants, and animals, and was a landmark in the nation's environmental history . 【1】What is Tiera Guinn's greatest achievement? A. She entered the best university of the world. B. She has been learning the newest rocket science. C. She has helped build a big and powerful rocket. D. She is a top student employed by a famous company. 【2】What is Elizabeth Blackwell famous for in history? A. She was the first woman with the advanced education. B. She was a pioneer of the women's health in the US and the UK. C. She founded the first women's school in the United Kingdom. D. She was the first woman to be accepted as an American citizen. 【3】Who made a great contribution to the animal-protection movement?
A. Tiera Guinn, B. Jane Goodall. C. Rachel Carson. D. Elizabeth Blackwell. 【答案】 【1】C 【2】B 【3】B 【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四位改变世界的女科学家。
【1】细节理解题。根据第二段中The MIT senior is helping build a rocket for the United States that could be one of the biggest and most powerful ever made.可知Tiera Guinn最大的成就是帮助建造了一枚美国有史以来最大、最强大的火箭。故选C。
【2】细节理解题。根据第三段Elizabeth Blackwell,who was born in Bristol, England in 1821,was the first woman to graduate from medical school in the United States, became an activist for poor American women's health, and went on to found a medical school for women in England.可知伊丽莎白·布莱克威尔1821年出生于英格兰的布里斯托尔，她是第一位从美国医学院毕业的女性，后来成为美国贫困女性健康的活动家，并在英国成立了一所女子医学院。即她是美国和英国妇女健康的先驱。故选B。
【3】细节理解题。倒数第二段中The most famous primate scientist in history, Jane Goodall was known for her work with chimps and as a
champion of animal rights.可知Jane Goodall是历史上最著名的灵长类科学家，她以研究黑猩猩和维护动物权利而闻名。为动物保护运动做出了重大贡献。故选B。 阅读理解
“Please, mother, do sit down and let me try my hand .\"said Fred, a bright , active boy twelve years old. A look of relief came over his mother's face as she seated herself who looked pale and worn. Fred washed the dishes, swept the kitchen, and then set out for school. After school, he hurried home, set the table and again washed the dishes. He kept on in this way for several days till his mother was able to resume her usual work and he felt fully rewarded when the doctor, who happened in one day, said, \"well, madam, it's my opinion that you would be very sick if you had not kept quiet\"
The boys missed Fred because he had been in the habit of going early to school and staying to play after it was dismissed. Their curiosity was excited when he would give no other reason than that he was \"wanted at home\". One boy secretly detected Fred washing dishes from his kitchen window and reported this at school and various were the greetings poor Fred received during break. \"Well, you are a brave one to
stay at home washing dishes.\" “Girl boy!\" \"Pretty Bessie!\" \"Lost your apron, haven't you, Polly!\"
Fred was not wanting either in spirit or courage, and he was strongly tempted to resent（对 ....气愤）these insults and to fight some boys. But his consciousness of right and his love for his mother helped him. While he was struggling for self mastery, his teacher appeared at the door of the schoolhouse. Fred caught his eye, and it seemed to look, if it didn't say, \"Don't give up! Be really brave!\" He knew his teacher had heard the insulting remarks of his thoughtless schoolmates.
The hoys received notice during the day that Fred must not be teased in any manner. They knew that the leacher meant what he said. 【1】Hou do we understand the doctor's words? A. The mother was sick because she didn't keep quiet B. Encourage more children to learn from Fred. C. The mother recovered due to her remaining quiet D. Hope the mother would exercise more than keep quiet. 【2】What does the word \"greeting\" in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. Teases. B. Admiring remarks. C. Criticisms. D. Sympathetic remarks.
【3】What do we know about Fred in Paragraph 4? A. Fred's courage enabled him to tight. B. Fred's love for mother helped him fight.
C. Fred had neither spirit nor courage to fight. D. Fred's a flection for mother stopped him fighting. 【4】What is the text mainly about? A. A considerate teacher helped Fred. B. A strong-willed boy overcame himself. C. A sick mother recovered finally. D. A thoughtful boy helped a sick mother. 【答案】 【1】C 【2】A 【3】D 【4】D 【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了懂事的小男孩弗雷德帮身体虚弱的妈妈做家务，但是受到了一些同学的嘲笑，愤怒的弗雷德差点与他们打架，老师对那些同学予以警告以避免弗雷德与他们发生冲突。
【1】细节理解题。根据第二段“he felt fully rewarded when the doctor, who happened in one day, said, ‘well, madam, it's my opinion that you would be very sick if you had not kept quiet. ’”可知，医生认为弗雷德的妈妈如果这几天没有好好静养的话身体会非常虚弱，她认为她因为静养而恢复了健康，故C项正确。
【2】词义猜测题。根据画线词后的Well, you are a brave one to stay at
home washing dishes.” “Girl boy！” “Pretty Bessie！” “Lost your apron, haven't you, Polly!”可知，被发现在家干家务后，弗雷德受到了同学们的嘲笑，由此可知画线词词义为“嘲笑”，故选A。
【3】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But his consciousness of right and his love for his mother helped him.”可知，对妈妈的爱阻止了弗雷德和嘲笑他的同学打架，故选D。
【4】主旨大意题。根据文章内容主要为讲述了懂事的小男孩弗雷德帮身体虚弱的妈妈做家务，但是受到了一些同学的嘲笑的故事，分析选项故选D。 阅读理解
Young sunflowers turn and swing every day. New findings add to evidence that the plants are animal-like.
Harmer, a professor in the University of California at Davis, Department of Plant Biology, carried out a series of experiments on sunflowers in the field pots outdoors and in indoor growth chambers.
By staking plants so that they could not move, Harmer showed that he could destroy their ability to track the sun. He also noticed that sunflowers prevented from moving were not as tough and leafy as those that were free to move. When plants were moved indoor with a settled
overhead light, they continued to swing back and forth for a few days. The indoor plants did start tracking the \"sun\" again when the apparent source of lighting was moved across the room. The plants could reliably track the movement and return at night when the artificial day was close to a 24-hour cycle, but not when it was closer to 30 hours.
When sunflowers track the sun, the east sides of their stems grew more rapidly than the west sides. At night, the west sides grew faster as the stem swung the other way. The team identified a number of genes that were expressed at higher levels on the sunward side of the plant during the day, or on the other side at night. A plant growth-regulating hormone, called auxin, appears to be a key driver.
The \"dance” to the sun cycle obviously slows when the sunflower matures （成熟） and its flowers open up. At that point, the plants stop moving during the day and settle down facing the sun in the east. \"Bees like warm flowers.\" Hanner said, adding that the bees are cold-blooded, so landing on a warm flower saves them energy and perhaps feels really good.
“The morning warmth changes the flowers in a way to make them more appealing to insects, perhaps causing them to release more attractive scents earlier in the day.\" he said \"We're currently testing this idea.\" 【1】Why did Harmer do the experiment on sunflowers? A. To see how sunflowers grow up
B. To study why sunflowers track the sun. C. To show what sunflowers' genes are. D. To check if sunflowers swing in cloudy days.
【2】What does the underlined word \"staking\" probably mean in Paragraph 3? A. fixing B. tracking C. growing D. searching
【3】What is the advantage of sunflowers' dance to the sun? A. They attract more insects. B. They save more energy. C. They mature more rapidly D. They produce more flowers. 【4】What is the text mainly about? A. The power of the sunlight.
B. The hidden connection between animal and the plants. C. Why do sunflower always track the sun. D. The growth of the sunflower. 【答案】 【1】B 【2】A 【3】A 【4】C 【解析】
这是一篇说明文。讲述了向日葵为什么要追踪太阳。因为通过追踪太
阳，他们可以吸引更多的昆虫。
【1】细节理解题。根据下文实验的具体内容步骤可知，本实验的目的是研究向日葵为什么要追踪太阳。故选B。
【2】词义猜测题。根据下文so that they could not move可知，是把向日葵系紧固定住，使他们无法移动。故划线部分单词含义为“系住；绑住”，故选A。
【3】细节理解题。根据最后一段中\"The morning warmth changes the flowers in a way to make them more appealing to insects\"可知，通过追踪太阳，他们吸引更多的昆虫。故选A。
【4】主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了向日葵为什么要追踪太阳的原因，故选C。 阅读理解
Roger Federer, who recently became the oldest man to hold the No. 1 ranking in men's tennis at the age 36, will bring a 12-match winning streak (连胜) to the BNP Paribas Open, which starts this week at the Indian Wells Tennis Garden.
Federer, a five-time winner of the hard-court event and a 20-time Grand Slam singles champion, on Tuesday was seeded No. 1 in a field that has been given up by injuries to several excellent players. Among
those missing are world No. 2 Rafael Nadal (hip injury), Stan Wawrinka (knee), who lost to Federer in the 2017 final, David Goffin (eye) and Andy Murray (hip surgery).
Federer, who has spent 305 weeks of his career at the top the Assn of Tennis Professional world rankings, must reach the semifinals (半决赛) at Indian Wells to keep his No. 1 status. If he exits sooner than that, Nadal would regain the top spot. Federer has a first-round bye (轮空) and a seemingly easy projected route to the quarterfinals, where he likely would face No. 5 seed Dominic Thiem of Austria.
Five-time Indian Wells champion Novak Djokovic, who had a small medical intervention (干预) on his troublesome right elbow earlier this year, was seeded 10th in the tournament. Djokovic has played only four matches this year because of his elbow problems and hasn't played a tournament since he lost to Hyeon Chung of South Korea in the round of 16 at the Australian Open in January.
Maria Sharapova of Russia will face Naomi Osaka of Japan on Wednesday with their match scheduled for not before 5:00 p.m. On Thursday, Serena Williams will play Zarina Diyas of Kazakhstan and Victoria Azarenka of Belarus will play Heather Watson of the United Kingdom during the evening session (7 p.m. start). 【1】What can we infer from paragraph 2?
A. Federer gave up the match on Tuesday due to the injury.
B. Many excellent players took part in the match including Rafael Nadal. C. Federer was lucky enough seeded No. 1 on Tuesday. D. Stan Wawrinka beat Federer in the 2017 final.
【2】Why does Federer have a seemingly easy projected route to the quarterfinals?
A. Because he is seeded No.1 B. Because he has a first-round bye.
C. Because many excellent players are missing. D. Because he is well enough to beat any player.
【3】Who is most likely to be the seed next to Federer among the players who can play in the BNP Paribas Open? A. Rafael Nadal. B. Maria Sharapova. C. Novak Djokovic. D. Dominic Thiem. 【4】What is the best tittle of the text? A. Roger Federer, seeded No. L
B. Roger Federer, to bring a 12-match winning streak. C. Roger Federer, beat everyone in the tournament. D. Roger Federer, the oldest No.1 【答案】 【1】C 【2】B 【3】D
【4】D 【解析】
这是一篇说明文。年龄最大的网球选手Roger Federer以36岁的年龄重返男子网球世界第一，这将为本周在Indian Wells tennis Garden开幕的法国巴黎银行网球公开赛带来12连胜。并介绍了Roger Federer在这次比赛中的情况。
【1】细节理解题。根据第二段中Among those missing are world No. 2 Ratacl Nadal (hip injury), Stan Wawrinka (knee), who lost to Federer in the 2017 final, David Goffin (eye) and Andy Murray (hip surgery).可知因为世界排名第二的Ratacl纳达尔(臀部受伤)、2017年决赛输给费德勒的Stan Wawrinka(膝盖受伤)、David Goffin(眼睛受伤)和Andy Murray(臀部手术受伤)都没有入选，所以费德勒周二在因几名优秀球员受伤而放弃的赛场上，成为头号种子。即费德勒在周二的比赛中幸运地成为一号种子选手。故选C。
【2】细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句 Federer has a first-round bye (轮空) and a seemingly easy projected route to the quarterfinals, where he likely would face No. 5 seed Dominic Thiem of Austria. 可知，因为费德勒第一轮轮空，直到四分之一决赛才遇见来自奥地利的5号种子选手 Dominic Thiem，所以他本次比赛的决赛之路看似简单。故选B。
【3】推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后一句中 Among those missing are world No. 2 Rafael Nadal (hip injury) 可知 Rafael Nadal 因伤退赛。
根据文章倒数第三段第一句 Five-time Indian Wells champion Novak Djokovic, who had a small medical intervention (干预) on his troublesome right elbow earlier this year, was seeded 10th in the tournament. 可知 Novak Djokovic 是10号种子选手，排名靠后。又因为 Maria Sharapova 是女子选手，费德勒是男子选手，两人不会在一起排名。故A、B、C项均错误。根据文章第三段最后一句中 where he likely would face No. 5 seed Dominic Thiem of Austria 可知 Dominic Thiem 排名第五，故他最有可能成为仅次于 Federer 的种子选手。故选D。
【4】推理判断题。根据文章第一段Roger Federer, who recently became the oldest man to hold the No. 1 ranking in men's tennis at the age 36, will bring a 12-match winning streak (连胜) to the BNP Paribas Open（年龄最大的网球选手Roger Federer以36岁的年龄重返男子网球世界第一，这将为本周在Indian Wells tennis Garden开幕的BNP Paribas Open带来12连胜。）以及文章主要内容为介绍Roger Federer在周二比赛中的情况可知选D。
推理判断题要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们应严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气等，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。以本文第三小题为例，
根据文章第二段最后一句中 Among those missing are world No. 2 Rafael Nadal (hip injury) 可知 Rafael Nadal 因伤退赛。根据文章倒数第三段第一句 Five-time Indian Wells champion Novak Djokovic, who had a small medical intervention (干预) on his troublesome right elbow earlier this year, was seeded 10th in the tournament. 可知 Novak Djokovic 是10号种子选手，排名靠后。又因为 Maria Sharapova 是女子选手，费德勒是男子选手，两人不会在一起排名。故A、B、C项均错误。根据文章第三段最后一句中 where he likely would face No. 5 seed Dominic Thiem of Austria 可知 Dominic Thiem 排名第五，故他最有可能成为仅次于 Federer 的种子选手。故选D。
其他阅读题型
Barbecue is a tradition as old as the US itself .The first president of the US, George Washington, once wrote about going to a lovely barbecue.【1】 In the northern region, the word \"barbecue\" means \"cooking something on a grill'. It could be burgers, hot dogs or potatoes. In North Carolina, barbecue means “smoked pork shoulder\【2】 If I crossed the border to South Carolina, I'd see them smoke an entire pig in a hole in the ground . In the western half of the state, folks prefer a sweet-and-sour barbecue sauce made with ketchup, while people in the eastern half like a sauce
made of boiled vinegar. We used to travel around the US, giving samples to the public. But some people in Lumberton refused the free samples. 【3】One guy even stood around to argue with us.
【4】 When my brother got married, we celebrated with barbecue .When I graduated from school, we celebrated with barbecue. When I go home to visit my friends and family, we celebrate with barbecue.
But it's not just my family. At churches, schools, offices and house parties, barbecue is the first, thing many people think of when we need to feed as many as 50 people. 【5】It means getting out of doors, in good weather, to eat with your friends and good neighbors.
Whether we are from a big city or a tiny town, people in the US can agree on one thing: We love barbecue-whatever that is. A. But people in the US argue about almost anything B. They were upset that the sauce wasn't yellow. C. We have our own brand of barbecue sauce.
D. Other places in the US have different ideas of barbecue E. Barbecue means more than just meat. F. But Americans can't agree on what barbecue is.
G. You can probably see that barbecue is important in my family. 【答案】 【1】F
【2】D 【3】B 【4】G 【5】E 【解析】
这是一篇说明文。烧烤是一项和美国一样古老的传统，不同的地区对烧烤有不同的想法，不同的地区烧烤需要的酱汁也不同。而对于作者来说，烧烤也是非常重要的家庭聚会方式。
【1】根据第二段中In the northern region…In North Carolina可知是在论述不同地方的美国对烧烤的看法不一样，故F选项“但是美国人对烧烤是什么看法不一。”符合语境，故选F。
【2】根据下文If I crossed the border to South Carolina, I'd see them smoke an entire pig in a hole in the ground .（如果我越过边境去南卡罗莱纳，我就会看到他们在地上的一个洞里烧烤一整头猪。）可知这里应是说明美国不同的地方对烧烤有不同的想法，故选D。
【3】根据下文One guy even stood around to argue with us.（一个人甚至站在旁边和我们争论。）可知Lumberton的人们并不喜欢这种黄色的酱汁。B选项中的upset可以对应到下文中argue about。故选B。 【4】根据下文When my brother got married, we celebrated with barbecue .When I graduated from school, we celebrated with barbecue. When I go home to visit my friends and family, we celebrate with barbecue.（当我哥哥结婚的时候，我们用烧烤来庆祝。当我从学校毕
业的时候，我们用烧烤来庆祝。当我回家拜访我的朋友和家人，我们庆祝烧烤。）可知烧烤应用于各种场合，可知烧烤在作者家是很重要的。故选G。
【5】根据下文It means getting out of doors, in good weather, to eat with your friends and good neighbors.（它意味着出门，在好天气下，和你的朋友和好邻居一起吃饭。）可推断上文“烧烤不仅仅意味着吃肉。”故选E。 完形填空
I'm sure many of you arc familiar with the New Year’s resolution(决 心) --get _______ . After a Christmas of staving _______ , watching television and eating far too much chocolate decided enough was enough. January was going to be_______ 、January was going to be the start of the new. healthy me—less chocolate, more _______ . an all-round healthier lifestyle. But how was I going to do this? As I _______ , the Internet looking for inspiration,! realized just how _________ , I knew about ways to get fit. _______ exercise, had always thought you either played a team sport like_______ or went to the gym . And with the arrival of January snow, playing football outside didn't seem like die best option. And as I have a deep-rooted terror of _______running machines, the gym wasn't
going to work out cither Plus Eve never quite understood the concept of ________ to run inside when you could run outside for free!
________I knew that I needed to research my options further. The first thing I found was the world of YouTube exercise videos .There are videos for just about everything. The__________ thing about YouTube videos is that they are free, they are ________（you can do them whenever you want)and you don't have to ________your nice warm house to do them. But ________ you do them with a friend it's tough to ________yourself to keep going, and without an instructor there with you it's sometimes hard to know if you're doing the move ________ .
I then researched local fitness classes and found my small town to be absolutely swimming with ________ ! I quickly signed up to the overall sports club, had a look at the weekly timetable and ________ to try them all out. So far I have tried out most of them. My ________ ones are by far the dance-based ones that take place to music, because it makes exercise so much more fun! 【1】A. rich B. fit C. busy D. ready
【2】A. alone B. abroad C. inactive D. positive 【3】A. hard B. similar C. relaxing D. different 【4】A. workouts B. foods C. fun D. sleep 【5】A. looked B. surfed C. checked D. enjoyed 【6】A. few B. much C. little D. many
【7】A. In case of B. In addition to C. In terms of D. In spite of 【8】A. tennis B. basketball C. badminton D. football 【9】A. getting off B. taking off C. giving off D. falling of 【10】A. paying B. planning C. practicing D. playing 【11】A. Therefore B. However C. Besides D. Otherwise 【12】A. serious B. confusing C. wonderful D. amusing 【13】A. cheap B. flexible C. useful D. safe 【14】A. clean B. leave C. build D. buy 【15】A. if B. though C. since D. unless
【16】A. force B. encourage C. stimulate D. motivate 【17】A. smartly B. quickly C. correctly D. beautifully 【18】A. opportunity B. danger C. pressure D. patience 【19】A. agreed B. decided C. believed D. advised 【20】A. favorite B. creative C. ordinary D. regular 【答案】 【1】B 【2】C 【3】D 【4】A 【5】B 【6】C 【7】C
【8】D 【9】D 【10】A 【11】A 【12】C 【13】B 【14】B 【15】D 【16】D 【17】C 【18】A 【19】B 【20】A 【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。记叙了作者决定变健康，因此开始寻找各种方式，最终发现了最适合自己的锻炼方式的故事。
【1】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我相信你们很多人都熟悉这个新年决心——变健康。A. rich富有的；B. fit合适的；健康的；C. busy忙碌的；D. ready准备好的。根据下文healthier lifestyle可知作者的新年决心是变得“健康”，短语get fit“让身体变得健康”。故选B。 【2】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在过了一个不怎么运动的圣诞节后，看电视和吃太多巧克力就决定吃饱了。A. alone独自的；B. abroad
海外的；C. inactive不活跃的；不活动的；D. positive积极的。圣诞节期间天气寒冷，因此不怎么活动，待在室内看电视和吃巧克力，故选C。
【3】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一月将会不同，一月将会是新的健康的我的开始。A. hard努力的；坚硬的；B. similar 相似的；C. relaxing放松的；D. different不同的。根据下文January was going to be the start of the new healthy me可知一月是不同的，因为作者决定变健康。故选D。
【4】考查名词词义辨析。句意：少吃巧克力，多锻炼。A. workouts锻炼；B. foods食物；C. fun乐趣；D. sleep睡眠。决定变健康，因此要多锻炼。故选A。
【5】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我上网寻找灵感的时候。A. looked看；B. surfed冲浪；C. checked检查；D. enjoyed喜欢。根据下文the Internet可知是在上网，短语surf the Internet“上网”，故选B。 【6】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我上网寻找灵感时，我意识到我对健身的方法知之甚少。A. few很少的；B. much很多；C. little没有多少；D. many许多。强调几乎没有，应用little。故选C。 【7】考查介词短语辨析。句意：在运动方面，我一直认为你要么踢足球这样的团队运动，要么去健身房。A. In case of万一；B. In addition to另外；C. In terms of依照；就……而言；D. In spite of尽管。根据句意可知应选C。
【8】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在运动方面，我一直认为你要么踢
足球这样的团队运动，要么去健身房。A. tennis网球；B. basketball篮球；C. badminton羽毛球；D. football足球。根据下文playing football outside可知此处指踢足球。故选D。
【9】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我有一种根深蒂固的恐惧，害怕从跑步的机器掉下来。A. getting off下车；B. taking off起飞；C. giving off发出；D. falling of坠落。根据上文deep-rooted terror可知是害怕掉下来。故选D。
【10】考查动词词义辨析。句意：另外，伊芙从来都不太明白，当你在室外免费跑步的时候，花钱在健身房跑步是什么概念。A. paying支付；花钱；B. planning计划；C. practicing练习；D. playing玩耍。此处表示“花钱”在室内跑步，故选A。
【11】考查连词辨析。句意：因此，我知道我需要进一步研究我的选择。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Besides此外；D. Otherwise否则。由上文可知作者发现她所了解的两种运动方式都不可行，因此她知道自己需要多做一些研究。故选A。
【12】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：YouTube视频的美妙之处在于它们是免费的。A. serious严肃的；B. confusing混乱的；C. wonderful极好的；D. amusing愉快的。根据句意故选C。
【13】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们是灵活的(你可以随时去做)。A. cheap便宜的；B. flexible灵活的；C. useful有用的；D. safe安全的。根据下文you can do them whenever you want可知很灵活，故选B。 【14】考查动词词义辨析。句意：你不需要离开你温暖的房子去做这
些。A. clean清理；B. leave离开；C. build建立；D. buy购买。根据下文warm house可知是不用离开房子，故选B。
【15】考查连词辨析。句意：但除非你和朋友一起做，否则很难激励自己坚持下去。A. if如果；B. though虽然；C. since因为；D. unless除非。根据句意可知选D。
【16】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但除非你和朋友一起做，否则很难激励自己坚持下去。A. force迫使；B. encourage鼓励；C. stimulate鼓舞；D. motivate刺激；激发……的积极性。虽然网上的视频很多，但是除非和朋友一起，否则很难激励自己坚持下去。故选D。 【17】考查副词词义辨析。句意：而且没有教练陪同有时很难知道你的动作是否正确。A. smartly漂亮地；B. quickly快地；C. correctly正确地；D. beautifully美丽地。根据句意可知选C。
【18】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后我研究了当地的健身班，发现我的小镇绝对充满了的机会!A. opportunity机会；B. danger危险；C. pressure压力；D. patience耐心。根据下文的感叹号以及I quickly signed up to the overall sports club可知作者惊喜地发现自己所在的城镇充满了关于运动的“机会”，故选A。
【19】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很快就报名参加了整个体育俱乐部，看了一下每周的时间表，决定全部试试。A. agreed同意；B. decided决定；C. believed相信；D. advised建议。作者决定尝试所有运动项目。个选B。
【20】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到目前为止，我最喜欢的是伴随
着音乐跳舞的，因为它让锻炼变得更有趣！A. favorite最爱的；B. creative创造性的；C. ordinary普通的；D. regular定期的。根据下文because it makes exercise so much more fun!可知描述的是作者最爱的项目。故选A。 语法填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Imagine 【1】（take） a photo of an apple on the moon with your smartphone. It seems 【2】possible）, right? But that's what it was like【3】 scientists to take a photo of a black hole in space. In spite of many challenges, scientists have finally gotten the first image of a black hole. Black holes are one of the most mysterious things in 【4】 universe. According to Einstein's theory, a black hole comes from a dying star. 【5】 collapses（坍塌）into a small point with a lot of mass and strong gravity.The strong gravity of black hole allows it 【6】 （pull） other things in and \"eat\"them.Not even light can escape a black hole.
The photo proves Einstein was right . It makes the general theory of relativity 【7】（believe）.Although they are mysterious, it is likely that black holes are 【8】（actual） quite common. Scientists believe that every large galaxy has a big black hole at its center-the one in our galaxy
【9】（call） Sagittarius A.Considering this, studying black holes can tell us many things about other galaxies 【10】 even the entire universe. 【答案】 【1】taking 【2】impossible 【3】for 【4】the 【5】which 【6】to pull 【7】believable 【8】actually 【9】is called 【10】and / or 【解析】
这是一篇说明文。介绍拍摄黑洞照片非常不容易，而黑洞照片也证实了爱因斯坦的广义相对论。科学家们现在对黑洞照片进行研究，也许能够解决宇宙中更大的谜团。
【1】考查非谓语动词。句意：想象一下用你的智能手机在月球上拍一张苹果的照片。短语image doing sth“想象做莫事”后跟-ing形式，故填taking。
【2】考查形容词。句意：这似乎是不可能的，对吧？根据句意可知表示“不可能的”，应填impossible。
【3】考查介词。句意: 但对于科学家们来说这就是在太空中拍摄黑洞的感觉。表示“对于……；就……而言”应填介词for。
【4】考查冠词。句意：黑洞是宇宙中最神秘的东西之一。短语in the universe“在宇宙中”，故填冠词the。
【5】考查定语从句连接词。句意：根据爱因斯坦的理论，黑洞来自一颗垂死的恒星，它坍缩成一个小点，质量很大，引力很大。本句为定语从句修饰先行词a dying star且先行词在从句中做主语，指物，故填which。
【6】考查非谓语动词。句意：黑洞的强大引力使它能把其他东西拉进去“吃掉”。短语allow to do “允许做……”后跟不定式，故填to pull。 【7】考查形容词。句意：它使广义相对论可信。本句为形容词作宾语补足语。表示“使……怎么样”，故填believable。
【8】考查副词。句意：虽然黑洞很神秘，但它很可能是相当普遍的。修饰形容词common应用副词，故填actually。
【9】考查动词时态语态。句意：科学家们认为，每个大星系的中心都有一个大黑洞——我们星系中的这个黑洞被称为人马座A。描述客观真理用一般现在时，且主语与谓语构成被动关系，故填is called。 【10】考查连词。句意：考虑到这一点，研究黑洞可以告诉我们许多关于其他星系甚至整个宇宙的事情。短语and/or even“甚至；乃至”，故填and/or。
语法填空题的答题技巧：无提示词一般考查:冠词、介词、连词、代词、助动词、固定搭配等
有提示词一般考查:谓语动词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词等。 具体策略:
(一)、给出动词基本形态，填写词性词形转化(转为名词、形容词)，或填写谓语部分，或是填写非谓语动词;
(二)、给出词语，词性的变化，如名词、动词、形容词、副词之间的转化，名词的复数形式，给出形容词，需要填写比较级、最高级，或词性词形转化，转化为副词，或是填写反义词(前缀); (三)、给出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是填写反义词;
(四)、不给词语填写限定词的时候，很可能是填冠词、人称代词主格宾格形式，物主代词、反身代词的单复数形式。形容词性物主代词或some、any、other、another等限定词;有的名词前有限定词，比如:序数词，形容词的最高级等，其前用定冠词。如第四小题，考查冠词。句意：黑洞是宇宙中最神秘的东西之一。短语in the universe“在宇宙中”，故填冠词the。 改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间叫换修改作文。请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中 共有10处语法错误，每句中最多改两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改，
增加：在缺词处加一个字符号（Λ）,并住其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线.并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从11处起）不计分。
One day，I asked Jenny, one of my friend, whether she would like to study English with me. \"Your idea sounded very good because we can all improve our English, \"Jenny said. 'Therefore, I won't do that before you make progress in the come examination next week. 'Then she asked if I was willing to meet challenge. Hearing her words I answered what I would. I used the Internet, films, books, or everything else to improve my English skills. Much to my happiness made it a week late and Jenny agreed with to study together with me. 【
答
案
】
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。记叙了作者和的朋友珍妮挑战作者在英语学习上获得进步，才能一起学习英语的事情。
1.考查名词的数。句意：一天，我问我的一个朋友珍妮，她是否愿意和我一起学习英语。短语one of后跟名词复数形式，表示“……其中之一”，故friend改为friends。
2.考查动词时态。句意：你的主意听起来很好，因为我们都能提高我们的英语水平。描述客观事实应用一般现在时，故sounded改为sounds。
3.考查代词。all“全部都”用于三者以上，此处只有作者和珍妮两个人，因此应用both，“两者都……”。故all改为both。
4.考查连词。句意：但是，在你下周的考试取得进展之前，我不会那么做。根据语境上下文为转折关系，故Therefore改为However。 5.考查形容词。examination为名词需要形容词修饰，表示“即将到来的；下一个的”，故come改为coming。
6.考查冠词。句意：然后她问我是否愿意接受挑战。challenge为可数名词，此处特指上文珍妮提出的挑战，应用定冠词。故在meet后添加定冠词the。
7.考查连接词。句意：听到她的话，我答应了。本句为宾语从句，且从句中不缺少成分，故引用连词that。且当宾语从句中的that起引导作用，在句中不做任何成分，没有实际意义，通常可以将其省略。故what改为that，或去掉what。
8.考查连词。句意：我利用互联网、电影、书籍和其他一切来提高我的英语技能。根据语境上下文表示并列关系，故or改为and。 9.考查副词。句意：一个星期后，珍妮同意和我一起学习，这使我非常高兴。用于一段具体时间之后，表示从过去或将来算起的多长时间以后，但通常不指从现在算起的多久以后应用later。故late改为later。 10.考查固定用法。短语agree to do sth.“赞成做某事”，故去掉with。 书面表达
假如你是校学生会主席李华，你们学校决定于本周日邀请多名消防员给全体学生做防 火知识宣传讲座，请你代替学生会写一个通知，内容包括：
1.讲座内容及目的； 2.讲座具体时间及地点；
3.讲座要求（全体学生务必参加，自带纸笔记录等）。 注意: 1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 NOTICE
This is a notice from the Student Union to inform you about the upcoming lecture on fire prevention.The lecture,which will be given by a professional firefighter,will introduce the dangers of fire and offer helpful tips that can be used to guard against it. After hearing it, we hope that students will be able to strengthen their fire-preventing skills.
The lecture will be held from 9 am to 1. I am this Sunday in the school hall. Please note that all students must attend the lecture. Please get your pens and paper ready so you can take notes. You will be required to write a summary of the lecture, including what you learned and your thoughts on it.
We are looking forward to your punctual participation. The Student Union 【解析】
这是一篇应用文写作。
第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为一篇通告；假如你是校学生会主席李
华，你们学校决定于本周日邀请多名消防员给全体学生做防火知识宣传讲座，请你代替学生会写一个通知，内容包括：1.讲座内容及目的；2.讲座具体时间及地点；3.讲座要求（全体学生务必参加，自带纸笔记录等）。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：the Student Union（学生会），upcoming（即将来临的），fire prevention（防火）；strengthen（加强），attend（参加）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
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