Unit 1
3.hobby→复数:hobbies
附名词的复数变化规则:
A: 规则的可数名词的复数变化规则:
1.一般情况加 s : book-- books mouth---mouths house---houses girl---girls
2.以 s 、 sh 、 ch 、 x结尾的加 es : class--- classes box----boxes match----matches
3.辅音字母 + y结尾的变 y为 i加es: city---cities country----countries party----parties factory----factories
4.以 o 结尾的词 +es的只有以下词 :heroes Negroes tomatoes potatoes zeroes/zeros
以 o 结尾并且词尾有两个元音字母 +s radios, zoos, bamboos ,(pianos ,kilos photos)
5.以f, fe 结尾的 变f或fe为v +es :
thief wife life knife wolf half leaf shelf
The thief’s wife killed three wolves with some leaves and knives in half of her life.B: 不规则的可数名词的变化规则:
1. man—men, woman—women, tooth—teeth, foot—feet, goose—geese child—children, mouse—mice,
2.单复数相同: sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese Swiss. 3.以man, woman 修饰名词构成合成词时,两个词都变化. man servant—men servants. (boy/girl students)woman doctor—women doctors.4.at the age of…在…岁的时候5.dream of/about… 梦想…
6.不定代词有:something, anything, everything, nothing, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, no one, everybody, everyone等等7.elder/older的区别:
这两个词均是old的比较级。在用法上有所区别。 elder表示“前辈的”、“年纪较长的”,仅用于同一家庭成员的比较;older则不限于此。例如:
My younger son is five and my elder son is nine。我的小儿子5岁,大儿子9岁。
Tom is two years older than I.汤姆比我年长两岁。
elder在句中只用作定语,不作表语;older两者皆可。例如:
My elder sister does her homework all by herself. 我的姐姐独自做作业。
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1.German adj. 德国的,德国人/Germany n.德国2.complete v. 完成 adj. 完全的,彻底的completely adv. 完全地,彻底地,完整地
His elder son got married last week. 他的长子是上星期结婚的。 I think his mother is older. 我认为他的母亲年龄大引起。
elder只能用来指人;older既可修饰人,也可修饰物。例如:
My elder brother joined the army when he was only fifteen.我哥哥年仅15负就参了军。
This dog is older than any other dogs here.这条狗在这里是最老的一条。 I have a sister older than myself.我有位比我大的姐姐。
It is said Mr Chen is over ten years older than Mrs Li.据说陈先生比李女士大10多岁。
8.Japan n. 日本→Japanese n. 日本人9.flat/apartment 公寓10.反身代词:
11.close to = near 接近
12.介绍名字:I’m __ = My name is __
13.介绍来自哪里:I’m from __ = I come from __14.介绍年龄:I’m __ years old.15.live with sb.和某人住在一起
16.by+交通工具,如:bus、bike等,by和交通工具间不用加任何介词,表示交通工具的名词用单数形式17.be good at...擅长于
18.make friends with...与...交朋友/结识某人19.all over the world = around the world 全世界
20.My favourite __ is /are __ 我最喜欢的...是...21.be far away from...离...很远
22.hear from sb = get a letter from sb 收到某人的来信
Unit 21.2.3.4.5.
daily = everyday adj. 日常的,每天的
表示频率的副词:always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never等等table tennis = ping-pong ballride的过去式是rode
表示科目的名词:Chinese, math, English, history, politics, physics, Geography, chemistry
6.take/have a break = have a rest 休息一下
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①He will never forget the day when he joined the Party.他永远也忘不了他入党的那一天。②His brother joined the army three years ago.
他哥哥是三年前参军的。
2)说参加某种活动用join in,如说“与某人一起做某事”,则用join sb. in sth. / doing sth. 。如:①May I join in the game? 我可以参加这个游戏吗?②Come and join us in the discussion. 来和我们一起讨论吧!③We are having supper now.Would you like to join us?
我们正在吃晚饭,你也来和我们一起吃好吗?
12.have a good/wonderful time = enjoy oneself = have a lot of fun玩得开心13.like to do 表示一次性的动作/ like doing 表示经常性、习惯性的动作love to do / doing 的用法同上14.enjoy doing sth 享受干某事15.感叹句的两种表达:
【句型一】What + (a / an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语!What a clever boy he is! (他是个)多么聪明的男孩啊!What fine weather it is! 多好的天气啊!
What beautiful flowers they are! (它们是)多么漂亮的花啊!【句型二】How + 形容词 / 副词 + 主语 + 谓语!How well you look! 你气色真好!How kind you are! 你心肠真好!
How beautifully you sing! 你唱得真好听!
16.from…to…可以表示从某个时间点到另一个时间点,也可以表示从某个地点到另一个地点
17.go to bed 睡觉/get up 起床
18.have breakfast/ lunch/ dinner 吃早、中、晚饭cook breakfast/ lunch/ dinner 煮早、中、晚饭19.prepare to do sth 准备干某事
20.help sb with sth 帮助某人某事/help sb do sth 帮助某人干某事21.arrive at/in = reach = get to 到达
22.in the end 在最后/ at the end of…在…末端/尽头
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7.ring的过去式是rang
8.practice doing sth. 练习干某事
9.junior high school 初级中学/senior high school 高中10.on foot = walk 步行
11.take part in = join in = participate in 参加附:join 与join in 的区别:
1)加入某党派、某组织或某社会团体,用join,不可用join in。如:
Unit 3
1.宇宙各种星体的表达:Earth(地球)、sun、star、moon、Mercury(水星)、 Venus(金星)、 Earth(地球)、 Mars(火星)、 Jupiter(木星)、 Saturn(土星)、 Uranus(天王星)、 Neptune(海王星)2.quiz = test测试、测验
3.protect v. 保护→protection n. 保护4.report v.报告/n. 报告
5.a part of…. ….中的一部分
6.large = big = enormous = huge 大的
7.provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb 向某人提供某物→provide用作“提供”
较为客观
offer sb sth = offer sth to sb 向某人提供某物→offer 用作“提供”具有较大的主观性,常常指某人自愿提供某物8.burn的过去式为burned/burnt9.pollute v.污染→pollution n. 污染10.must = have to 必须
11.important adj. 重要的→importantly adv. 重要地12.catch 的过去式为caught
13.few adj. 不多,很少/a few 一些→后加可数名词复数little 很少/a little 一些→后加不可数名词14.throw 的过去式为threw
15.There be 结构, 表示某地有某物或某人在干什么,如:⑴There is a pen on the desk. 桌子上有一支笔。
⑵There are some children playing outsides. 一些小孩在外面玩。
16.a lot of = lots of = many = much,其中,a lot of/ lots of后既可加可数名词复数,又可加不可数名词, many 只能加可数名词复数,而much后加不可数名词17.stop doing sth 停止做手头上的事
stop to do sth 停止做手头上的事,去做另外一件事18.It is + adj. + for sb to do sth
如果此处的adj. 是表示人的性格特征的形容词,则要用of sb19.keep + 形容词,表示保持某种状态
Unit 41.2.3.4.
Australia n. 澳大利亚→Australian adj.澳大利亚人
wet = damp adj. 潮湿的, 反义: dry adj. 干的,干燥的blow的过去式为blew
take/ go on a trip = take/ have a journey 去旅行
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spend的主语必须是人, 常用于以下结构:
(1) spend time /money on sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱)。例:I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。
(2) spend time / money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。例:They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
(3)spend money for sth. 花钱买……。例:His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。
5.shine 的过去式为shone
6.take a picnic = go on a picnic 去野餐
7.有关天气的形容词:sunny warm hot cool cold rainy windy cloudy snowy foggy(有雾的)lightning(闪电)thunderstorm(雷暴、雷暴雨)8.take spend cost pay的用法都可以表示“花费”,但用法却不尽相同。
cost的主语是物或某种活动, 还可以表示“值”, 常见用法如下:
(1)sth. costs (sb.) +金钱,某物花了(某人)多少钱。例:A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
(2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) +时间,某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。例:Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。
注意:cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。
take后面常跟双宾语, 常见用法有以下几种:
(1) It takes sb. +时间+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。例:It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
(2)doing sth. takes sb. +时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。例:Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。
pay的基本用法是:
(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买……。例:I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。
(2)pay for sth. 付……的钱。例:I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。
(3)pay for sb. 替某人付钱。例:Don’t worry! I'll pay for you. 别担心, 我会给你付钱的。
(4)pay sb. 付钱给某人。 例: They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬。 (5)pay money back 还钱。例:May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week. 你能借给我12块钱吗?下周还你。 (6)pay off one's money还清钱。
9.12个月份的表达:January一月; February二月; March三月; April 四月; May 五月;June 六月;July七月;August 八月;September 九月;October 十月;November 十一月;December十二月
10.in + 季节/月份/年,如:in spring/summer, in January, in 2014, 当出现“日”
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Unit 5 1.2.3.4.5.
nervous adj. 紧张的→nervously adj. 紧张地leave的过去式为left leave for 动身去…be able to = can 能够without doubt 毫无疑问
weak的比较级为weaker“更虚弱的”,最高级为weakest“最虚弱的”,反义词为strong
附:比较级与最高级变化规则:1、规则变化:
(1) 单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾加er或est: 如: small ---smaller --- the smallest(2) 以不发音的e字母结尾的加r,或st: 如: late --- later --- the latest
(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为I加er或est: 如: easy --- easier --- the easiest
(4)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词双写最后一个辅音字母再加er或est: 如: big --- bigger --- the biggest以er,ow结尾的双音节词加er 或est 如: slow --- slower --- the slowest
(5) 多音节词前加more或most, 副词最高级前省略the. 如: important --- more important --- the most important2.不规则变化
good / well --- better --- the best 好
bad / badly / ill --- worse --- the worst 坏many / much --- more --- the most 多little --- less --- the least 少
old --- older / elder --- the oldest / the oldest 老, 旧far --- farther / further --- the farthest / the furthest 远6.breathe v. 呼吸→breath n. 呼吸
7.work n. 工作,为不可数名词;job n. 工作,为可数名词8.machine n. 机器,为可数名词
9.return home = come back home = go back home10.more than 多于;less than 少于11.have to = must 必须
12.as…as…像……一样;not so/as…as和…不一样
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的时候,需用on, 如:on March, 3rd
11.start to do sth/start doing sth 开始做某事
12.get、turn等可作为系动词,后加形容词,表示一种状态13.visit relatives 探访亲戚14. get red packets收红包 pocket money 零花钱 Lucky money压岁钱
1.Asia n.亚洲→Asian adj. 亚洲的
附:七大洲的英文表达:亚洲Asia 形容词Asian 欧洲Europe European
大洋州Australia Australian南极洲Antarctica非洲Africa African北美洲North America 南美洲South America
2.traditional adj. 传统的→tradition n. 传统3.go sightseeing 去观光
4.in the centre of…在…的中心5.fountain为可数名词
6.across prep. 在….的对面→cross v. 穿过 n. 十字路口7.light的过去分词为lighted或lit
8.in all directions = in every direction 四面八方9.natural adj. 自然的→nature n. 自然
10.beauty n.美丽,美人(做“美人”的意思时,为可数名词)→beautiful adj. 美丽的→beautify v. 美化,如美化校园为beautify the campus11.snack 为可数名词
12.outside prep. 在…的外面→inside prep. 在…的里面13.dumpling 为可数名词14.place of interest 名胜古迹
15.表示方位的词:east东 west西south南 north北northeast东北 northwest西北
southeast东南southwest西南;对应的形容词分别为:eastern 东部的 western 西部的 southern 南部的 north 南部的 northeastern 东北部的 northwestern 西北部的 southeastern 东南部的 southwestern 西南部的
16.if 从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时,如:if it is rainy, I will not go out
tomorrow.
17.public area 公共区域18.walk along 沿着……走
19.hate doing sth / to do sth讨厌做某事20.get a bird’s-eye view of…鸟瞰
21.from all over the world 来自全世界all over the world = around the world全世界22.on the Internet 在网上
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13.such as = like = for example例如,其中like的用法和such as 是基本一样的14.one of… …….中的一个15.around = about 大约16.with+名词→带有……
17.take photos = take pictures拍照18.solve problems 解决问题
19.a large amount of 大量……,后加不可数名词Unit 6
Unit 7
1.fair adj.展览会→Canton Fair广交会fair adj.公平的→unfair adj. 不公平的
2.photography n.摄影→photograph v.拍照3.launch the rocket 发射火箭4.solar power太阳能 wind power 风能5.attend 及物动词,后可直接加名词attend = take part in = join in = participate in6. teach 的过去式为taught
7. launch 除了“发射”的意思,还可以是“发起(活动)、发动”8. disappear adj. 消失→disappearance adj. 消失appear adj. 出现→appearance n.出现
9. surprised adj. 感到惊讶的→surprising adj.令人惊讶的10. another/the other/ others/ other/the others的区别:Other
·可作形容词或代词,做形容词时,意思是“别的,其他”,泛指“其他的(人或物)”。如:
Do you have any other question(s)? 你还有其他问题吗? Ask some other people. 问问别人吧!
Put it in your other hand. 把它放在你另一只手里。
The other
·指两个人或物中的一个时,只能用the other,不能用another,此时的other作代词。如:
He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker. 他有两个女儿,一个是护士,另一个是工人。
·The other后可加单数名词,也可加复数名词,此时的other作形容词。如: On the other side of the street,there is a tall tree. 在街道的另一边,有一棵大树。Mary is much taller than the other girls. 玛丽比其他的女孩高得多。 He lives on the other side of the river. 他住在河的对岸。
Others
·是other的复数形式,泛指“另外几个”,“其余的”。在句中可作主语、宾语。如:
Some of us like singing and dancing, others go in for sports. 我们一些人喜欢唱歌和跳舞,其余的从事体育活动。
Give me some others, please. 请给我别的东西吧! There are no others. 没有别的了。
The others8
·意思是“其他东西,其余的人”。特指某一范围内的“其他的(人或物)”。是the other的复数形式。如:
Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home. 两个男孩将去动物园,其余的留在家里。 the others=the other+复数名词
Another
既可作形容词,也可作代词,只能用于三个或更多的人或物,泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”,只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。如:
I don’t like this one. Please show me another. 我不喜欢这一个,请给我看看另一个。
I have three daughters. One is a nurse, another is a teacher and another is a worker. 我有三个女儿。一个是护士,另一个是教师,还有一个是工人11. amazing adj. 令人惊讶的→amazed adj. 感到惊讶的12. boring adj. 令人厌倦的→bored adj. 感到厌倦的
13. information 是不可数名词,而message同样是“信息”的意思,却是可数名词
14. recent adj. 近来的→recently adv. 最近15. learn about 学习,了解
16. last month 上个月 / last week 上个星期 / next month 下个月 / next week 下个星期
17. remote control 遥控器
18. go on an adventure with…和…去探险19. pack sb’s lunch 打包某人的午餐pack up the luggage打包行李
20. hurry to +地点 匆忙赶到某地 hurry to do sth 匆忙去干某事21. leave for…动身去…
22. It is time to do sth = It is time for sth该做某事了/到时间做某事了23. can’t wait for sth = can’t wait doing sth 迫不及待要做某事了
24. take place/ happen 都是“发生”的意思,但两者之间也有一定的区别
1). take place 表示“发生、举行、举办”,一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”,即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排,例如:
Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years. The Olympic Games of 2008 will take place in Beijing.
(2) .happen作“发生、碰巧”解,一般用于偶然或突发性事件,例如: What happened to you? (一般不说:What did you happen?) Maybe something unexpected happened.25. learn useful skills学习有用的技能26. a trip to…一次到…的旅行
Unit 8
1. unusual adj. 不寻常的→unusually adv. 不寻常地usual adj. 通常的→usually adv. 通常的
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2. interview adj. 采访→interviewer adj.采访者→interviewee adj.被采访者3. be modeled after…模仿…4. stamp 是可数名词
5. in front of / in the front of的区别:in front of就是指在某物的前方。
in the front of是指在某物的内部靠前的地方。
比如sit in the front of the classroom. 指坐在教室前排的。
sit in front of the classroom指坐在教室前面(教室外面的前面。)6.silver adj. 银色的→golden adj. 金色的7.push adj.摁,推→pull adj.拉8.soon after 不久之后9.newspaper是可数名词
10.hardly adv. 几乎不→hard adj.努力的,困难的,坚硬的11.free adj.空闲的,免费的,自由的12.really adv. 的确→real adj. 真的
13.living room 客厅 / bedroom 卧室 / bathroom 浴室 / kitchen厨房14.be bad for 对…有害的→be good for 对…有好处的15.be interested in = take interest in 对……感兴趣16.collect sth 收集……
17.start doing sth = start to do sth 开始做某事18.have some tea喝茶
19.Let’s…..让我们去干……吧20.have sth to do……有……要干21.be ldifferent from……与…..不同22.place of interest 名胜古迹23.each other = one another互相24.a picture of………..的一张照25.look for 寻找26.as a result结果
27.know about……知道……/了解……
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