您的当前位置:首页正文

人教版(2013年新版)英语八年级上第3单元知识点

2020-01-28 来源:客趣旅游网
最新(2013秋)人教版八年级上册英语知识点

2013版新目标英语八上Unit3 Section B 2b的三篇文章 翻译

1 My mother told me a good friend is like a mirror.I'm quieter and more serious than most kids.That's why I like reading books and I study harder in class. My best friend Yuan Li is quiet too,so we enjoy studying together.I'm shy so it's not easy for me to make friends.But I think friends are like books--you don't need a lot of them as long as they're

good.

1 我妈妈告诉过我:好朋友就像面镜子.我这人比大多数孩子更文静、更认真.这就是为什么我喜欢在课堂上读书、更努力学习的原因.我最好的朋友袁立也是个文静的人,所以我们喜欢在一起学习.我很害羞,所以我真的不容易交到朋友.但

我认为朋友就像书籍——你不需要很多,唯求他们是好的.

2.It's not necessary to be the same.My best friend Larry is quite different from me.He is taller and more outgoing than me.We both like sports,but he plays tennis better,so he always wins.However,Larry often helps to bring out the best in me.So I'm getting better at tennis.Larry is much less hard-working, though.I always get better grades than he does,so

maybe I should help him more.

2 没必要样样都一样的.我最好的朋友拉里跟我就很不一样.他个子比我高、性格比我更外向.我们都喜欢运动,但是打他网球比我更好,所以他总是赢我.然而,拉里常常帮助我展现出最美好的内在品性,所以我网球越打越好了.不过,拉里不太

努力学习.我的成绩总是比他好,也许我应该更多地帮助他.

3.I don't really care if my friends are the same as me or different.My favorite saying is\"A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.\" My best friend Carol is really kind and very funny.In fact,she's funnier than anyone I know. I broke my arm last year but she made me laugh and feel better.We can talk about and share everything. I know

she cares about me because she's always there to listen.

3 我真的不在乎我的朋友是否与我一样还是不一样.我最喜欢的名言是“一个真正的朋友握着你的手,触动着你的心.”我的朋友卡罗尔真的很善良、很有趣.实际上,她比我所认识的任何人都更有趣.去年我的手臂断了,但是她总能让我发笑、

心情倍好.我们可以无话不谈并分享一切.我知道她很关心我,因为她总是在我身边听我倾诉.

Unit3 I’m more outgoing than my sister.

一、重点短语归纳

1.talk about谈论 19.be good with=get on well with 和……相处得好 2.in some ways在某些方面 20.around China=all over China全中国 3.more than超过,多于 21.use sth. to do sth.=do sth. with sth.用……来4.things in common共同之处 做…… 5.be good at sth.=do well in sth.擅长于sth. 22.As you can see. 正如你所见到的那样 . 6.(not) as…as…(不)如……一样…… 23.more than one sister 不只一个姐妹 7 have fun doing sth.享受做某事的乐趣 24.have good grades 有好成绩 8.make sb. do sth.让某人做某事 25.opposite views and interests 对立的观点和兴趣 9.look the same 看起来一样 26.enjoy telling jokes 喜欢讲笑话 10.talk to/with和……谈话 27.stay at home and read 呆在家里看书 11.stop doing sth.停止做某事 28.get the job 得到这份工作 12.stop to do sth停下来接着做某事 29.do the same thing as sb. 跟某人做一样的事情 13.begin / start with以……开始 30.each other 互相 14.end with以……结束 31.enjoy oneself = have great fun = have a good time 15.in the middle of在……中间 16.a swimming pool游泳池 玩得高兴

17.on the other hand =on the opposite另一方32.spend sometime [in] doing sth. = spend sometime 面(边) on sth. 18. after that 自那以后 花时间做某事

1

33.plan to do sth. 计划做某事 47. in fact 事实上;实际上 34.on a farm 在农场 48. make friends with sb和某人交朋友 35. more outgoing更外向 49. touch one ‟ s heart 感动某人 36. the singing competition唱歌比赛 50. be talented in music有音乐天赋 37. be similar to与……相像的/类似 51. be good at doing sth 擅长做某事 38. be the same as和……相同;与……一致 52. be good with善于与„„相处 39. be different from与……不同 53.play the drums 打鼓 40. care about关心;介意 54.run fast跑得快 41.be like a mirror像一面镜子 55.jump high 跳得高 42. the most important最重要的 56.work as hard as sb.和某人一样努力工作 43. as long as只要;既然 57.get up early 早起床 44. bring out使显现;使表现出 58.sing well唱得好

45. get better grades取得更好的成绩 59.the one with shorter hair 头发较短的那个 46. reach for伸手取 60.primary school 小学二、重点词语用法: 1.laugh

①vi.“笑、发笑”(出声的大笑)

如:We all laughed loudly when she made a joke. 她说了个笑话,我们都大声笑起来。

He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后,谁笑得最好。/不要高兴得太早。 词组:laugh at嘲笑、因…而笑 如:Don‟t laugh at him. 别嘲笑他。

People have often laughed at stories told by seamen. 人们常常嘲笑海员所讲的故事。 Everyone laughed at his foolish antics. 大家都笑他那种愚蠢的滑稽动作。 We had a good laugh at his joke. 我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。 ②n.“笑;笑声” 注意:

Smile:v.“无声的微笑” 词组:smile at“向…微笑”

如:He smiled at me.他朝我微笑。 2.though

①conj. “虽然;纵然;即使;尽管” = although

如:Though it was raining,he went there. 虽然当时正下着雨,他还是到那里去了。

Though he was poor he was happy. 虽然他很穷却很快乐。 注意:不能受汉语的影响,在though引导的从句后使用but。 如:Though he was poor,but he was happy.(误) ②adv.. “不过,可是,然而”,常用于句末,用逗号隔开。 Jim said that he would come, he didn‟t , though. 3.hard-working

adj.“努力工作的,勤奋的”

如:He‟s a hard-working boy.他是个勤奋的男孩。 注意:与hard work、work hard的区别 ①hard work

名词短语,意为“辛苦的工作”,hard是形容词,修饰不可数名词work。 如:What hard work it is!这是多么辛苦的工作啊! ②work hard

2

动词短语,意为“努力工作”,hard是副词,修饰动词work。 如:He always works hard.他总是努力工作。 4.care

①v.“在意、担忧、关心”

词组:care about“关心;在意”

care for“喜欢;照顾”

如:Your mother truly cares about you.你妈妈确实关心你。

My father doesn‟t care for tea.我爸爸不喜欢喝茶。

He has to care for his sister at home.他必须在家照顾妹妹。 ②不可数名词,“小心;注意”

词组:take care“当心,小心”=be careful take care of “照顾”=look after 如:Take care not to fall into the river.

You should take care of yourself. 5. wild

adj. 轻率的,鲁莽的。

词组:be wild with joy 欣喜若狂

be wild to do sth. 渴望做某事 三、难句解析

1.He has shorter hair than Sam. 他的头发比萨姆的短。 解析:than 比……(用于形容词,副词的比较级之后) 2.He‟s calmer than Sam. 他比萨姆更冷静。 calm

1)adj.镇静的,沉着的 2)n. 平静

3)v. (使某人)镇静,安静。 注意:calm /still /quiet /silent ①calm:意为:“镇静的,平静的”,指不受干扰时的宁静,平静,如海洋的平静; 用于人时,指沉着,镇定,安定。 如:When we face danger, we should keep calm. ②still:意为“不动的,静止的,寂静的”,仅仅指物理上的安静状态。 如:The baby kept still when she was taking photos.

③quiet:意为安静的 静止的,指寂静的状态,没有吵闹或指人的,文静,也可指活动的信息。

如:Be quiet,everyone.The teacher is coming. ④silent:意为“沉默的,无言的”,主要用于人,指不发出声音或不说话,强调无声的状态。

如:We shouldn‟t keep silent when the teather asks us some questions.

3.I don‟t think differences are important in a friendship. 我认为差异对于友谊来说并不重要。

4.Both girls go to lots of parties.两个女孩都参加了许多晚会。.

5.Here are photos of me and my twin sisiter Liu Ying.这是我和我的双胞胎姐姐刘英的照片。 解析:

1)photos 以o结尾的名词变复数,有生命的+es/无生命的+s 例:potatoes,tomatoes,zoos,radios

3

2)表示“某人的照片” 用„s和of的区别。 例1.This is Liu Ying‟s photo.这是刘英的照片。(指照片是属于刘英的,但照片的人不一定是刘英本人)

例2.This is a photo of Liu Ying‟s.这是刘英的一张照片。(表示的是照片是刘英所拥有的照片中的一张。

例3.This is a photo of Liu Ying.这是一张刘英的照片。(表示的是照片上的人是刘英,而照片属于谁不知道)。

3)take photos 照相,拍照。

6.As you can see,in some ways we look the same,and in some ways we look different。正如你所看见的,在一些方面我们看起来一样,而在一些方面我们看上去不同。 解析:

1)as:在这里是连词:表示“像……一样,正如……”引导状语从句。 注意:as在不同的语境中,有许多不同的含义。(阅读理解出现频率较高) ①prep.“作为;以……为职业”。 例:He finds a job as an editor. ②adv. “像……一样;如同”。

例:I can run quickly. My sister can run as quickly. ③conj. “和……一样;像”。

例:It isn‟t so easy as you think. 这不像你想的那么容易。 ④conj.“当……时候”。

例:As I was coming here.I met your brother. ⑤conj.“按照”。

例:Do as you are told. ⑥conj.“因为,由于”。

例:As it was raining,I stayed at home. 关于as的词组:

①as soon as possible 尽快地 ②as if 好像 ③such as 比如

④as for 关于。至于 ⑤the same…as 和……一样 2) in some ways 在一些方面 关于way的词组:

①by the way 顺便说一下 ②lose one‟s way 迷路 ③on one‟s way to…在某人去……的路上 ④in the way 挡路

⑤in a way 在某种程度上 ⑥go the wrong way 走错路 3)look the same 看上去一样

look different 看上去不同

7.My mother told me a good friend is like a mirror.我妈妈告诉我好朋友就像一面镜子。 解析:like prep.“像,和….一样” 拓展:look like…看起来像

如:Mary looks like her mother.玛丽看起来像她的妈妈。

8.We both have black eyes and black hair, although my hair is shorter than hers..尽管我的头发比她的短,但我们都是黑眼睛,黑头发。 1)both

①adj./pron./adv. 两个都…… 用在be 动词后,行为动词前。

4

如:You are both too young./They both speak English. ②Both of …..+名词复数(复数谓语) ③both…and…两者都…… (复数谓语)

反义词组:neither…nor…两者都不……(谓语单复数按照就近原则) 2)although 和but 不能同时出现在一个句子里 3)hers:名词性物主代词用法。(中考考点)

9.However,we both enjoy going to parties.不过,我们两个都喜欢参加聚会。 解析:

1)enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事

2)enjoy oneself=have great fun=have a good time 过得愉快,玩得开心 10.Liu Li has more than one sister. 刘丽不止有一个姐姐。

解析:1) more than one+n. “ 不止一个……” 作主语时。谓语用单三 2)more than 超过,多余。=over

11.Liu Li and Liu Ying have some things in common.刘英和刘丽有一些共同点。 12.Liu Ying is not as good at sports as her sister.刘英不如她的妹妹擅长体育。 解析:

1)not as/so…as… “不如……,和……不一样”。

注意:中间省略号的部分要+形容词和副词的原级。如:as tall as 2)be good at “擅长……,在……方面成绩好”。 = do well in “在……方面做得好”。

13..My friend is the same as me.我的朋友和我一样。 解析:be the same as… “和……一样”。

反义词组:be different from…“ 与…不同的” 14.No,I am a little taller than her.

解析:a little, much a lot a bit ,far,any,no等可以修饰形容词比较级 15.I think a good friend makes me laugh.我认为好朋友能使我开心。 解析:牢记:make sb. do sth. 使 某人做某事/make+宾语+形容词。

16.We asked some pepple what they think and this is what they said.我们询问了一些人在他们所想的,这是他们所说的。 解析:

1)what they think 是宾语从句 what所引导的从句表示“所……的” 2)what they said 是表语从句

17.I like to have friends who are like me. 我喜欢拥有像我一样的朋友。 解析:

1)who are like me 是定语从句。

2)第一个like:动词“ 喜欢”。 第二个like: 介词“像,跟…一样”

18. English Study Center needs a weekend teacher for primary school students. 英语学习中心需要招聘一位小学生周末教师。

19.It‟s not necessary to be the same.完全一样是没有必要的。

解析: It‟s+adj.+to do sth.(It是形式主语,to do sth.是真正主语。 20.He always beats me in tennis. 辨析:beat/win

相同点:都是动词,表示“赢”

不同点:beat+人;win+比赛,竞赛,战争等名词。 如:We won the football game.

Li li beat all the runners in the 100-metre race.

5

21. Call the English Study Center at 443-5667 for more information.请拨打443-5667向英语学习中心咨询更多信息。 解析:

call sb at 电话号码,“拨打…找某人”

如:Please call Mr.Green at 400-8989.请拨打电话4008989找格林先生。 22.be good with children 善待孩子们

解析:be good with sb.=be good to sb. 善待某人;对某人好 be good for sb. 对某人有好处

be good at 擅长

23.Who do you think should get the job,Ruth or Rose?

解析:本句中who作句子的主语,do you think是插入语。在有此类插入语的情况下,疑问代词,疑问副词位于句首,后面的句子要用陈述语序。 例:Who do you think is the most outgoing in your class? 24.He can‟t stop talking.

解析:stop doing sth.停止正在做的事情

stop to do sth.停下来去做另外一件事

25.But the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun.但是最重要的是学到一些新东西并获得乐趣。 解析:

1)the most important意为“最重要的”,是important的最高级形式。

即:important--------more important---------the most important(原级--------比较级---------最高级)

2)have fun“玩得高兴”

如:It‟s a good place to have fun.那是一个过的乐趣的好地方。

Did you have great fun at the party?=Did you enjoy yourself at the party?=Did you have a good time at the party? 拓展:

have fun doing sth.“享受做某事的乐趣,做某事很有趣”

如:Did you have fun visiting that country?参观哪个国家你们快乐吗?

26.I‟m quieter and more serious than most kids.我比大多数的孩子更文静、更稳重。 解析:

1)serious ,adj,“严肃的,稳重的”

如:My math teacher is very serious in class.我的数学老师在课堂上很严肃。 拓展:①nothing serious,“没有什么严重的事”

如:There is nothing serious with you.你的病没有什么大不了的。 ②be serious about ,“对….认真”

Is she serious about giving up her job?她说要辞职时认真的吗? 2)kid,可数名词,“小孩”=child 如:All the kids are playing games. 拓展:kid,动词,“欺骗,哄骗”,现在分词为kidding,过去式为kidded. 如:You are kidding me. 你在骗我。

27.That‟s why I like reading books and studying harder in class.那就是我在课堂上喜欢读书、学习更刻苦的原因。

如:That‟s why I don‟t want to leave here.

28.I‟m shy so it‟s not easy for me to make friends.我很腼腆,因此对我来说交朋友不容易。

6

解析:It‟s+adj. for sb.to do sth.(It是形式主语,to do sth.是真正主语。) 注意:

句型“It is+adj.+(for sb)to do sth.\"和“It is+adj.+(of sb)to do sth.区别

①\"两个句型中,for sb和of sb怎么区别,在使用时要注意adj是说明sb的品质特点的还是说明to do sth的就可以了.

即:说明sb的品质特点用of sb;说明to do sth用for sb., 简单一句话说就是:说人的用of sb.; 说事的用for sb。

②for sb.常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy,hard,difficult,interesting,important,impossible等;

如:It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。 ③of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。

如:It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我,你真是太好了。

例:It is difficult for him to finish the task within two hours.(difficult 说明完成任务难) It is kind of you to help me.(kind说明你善良)

29….you don‟t need a lot of them as long as they are good…. 你不需要很多,只要它们好就行。

解析:as long as“只要;既然”,其用法如下: 1)意为“只要”,引导条件状语从句,主句为一般将来时或含有情态动词时,其从句用一般现在时表将来

如:You will get good grades as long as you work hard.只要你努力学习,就会取得好成绩。 2)意为“既然”,引导原因状语从句。 如:As long as you want to stay at home, let‟s play chess at home.既然你想呆在家里,那就让我们在家下棋吧。

30. However, Larry often helps to bring out the best in me.然而,拉里经常帮我把最好的方面显现出来。

解析:bring out“使显现;使表现出”

如:I want to bring out the meaning of the poem.我想阐明一下这首诗的意义。 拓展:

①bring out 还意为“出版;生产”

如:The company is bringing out a new sports car.这个公司正生产一种新型跑车。 ②bring out the best/worst in sb.把某人最好/ 最坏的一面展现出来。

如:Please tell me how to bring out the best in me.请告诉我怎样把最好的一面展现出来。 31.I am different from Jeff because I‟m louder than the other kids in my class.我与杰夫不同,因为在班里我比其他的孩子声音更响亮。

解析:be different from…“ 与…不同的” 是be the same as...的反义词组。 如:Lucy is different from Lily. 露西与莉莉不一样。 拓展:difference 意为“不同;不用之处”,可做可数名词,也可用作不可数名词。 如:There is no difference between the twins.

32.A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.真正的朋友是一个可以援手帮助并感动你心扉的人。 解析:

1)reach for sth.“伸手取某物”,reach此时是不及物动词,意为“伸手”

如:He reaches for the box, but he is too short.她伸手取这个盒子,但是他太矮了。 拓展:reach是及物动词,意为“到达,抵达”

7

如:When will you reach Beijing? 你将什么时候到达北京? 注意:reach/get to /arrive

共同点:都有“到达”的意思。

不同点:①reach 是及物动词,后面直接跟地点

②arrive 和get 是不及物动词,当后面跟地点时,一定要加介词

具体如下:

①arrive是不及物动词,表示到达、抵达某地(尤指行程的终点),后常接介词at 或in,一般in接大地方,at接小地方;若是地点副词,则不需用介词,如arrive home就不加介词,因为home是副词。

②reach是及物动词,直接接宾语,无须介词,和arrive一样,属正式用语。

③get 也是不及物动词,只是它多用于口语,get to “到达”;后面如接副词,则不用介词to,如get home。

注意:get没有“到达”的意思。 如:I arrived in Xi'an yesterday.

如:I arrived at the small village yesterday. 如:How can I get to the railway station?

如:When will you reach Beijing? 你将什么时候到达北京? 2)touch意为“感动、触摸”

如:I was touched beyond words.我感动的说不出来。

如:She lightly touched his forehead.她轻轻地摸了摸他的前额。 3)heart,可数名词,“内心、心脏” 如:She has a kind heart.她心地善良。

如:There is something wrong with her heart.她的心脏有问题。 拓展:

①put one‟s heart into sth.用全部精力做某事。

如:Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.世上无难事,只怕有心人。 ②take heart“鼓起勇气,振作起来” 如:Take heart and go on trying. 四、语法专项:

形容词、副词的比较级和最高级 1.意义

英语中大多数形容词(性质形容词)、副词是可以分等级的,一般有三个等级:原级,比较级和最高级。

形容词、副词的本来形式就是形容词的原级。如:John is a tall boy. 两者间进行比较用到形容词比较级。如:Jim is taller than John.

三者或者三者以上进行比较用形容词的最高级。如:Mike is the tallest of the three boys. 注:(形容词最高级前面要加定冠词the) 如:long longer longest

原级 比较级 最高级

The black pen is very long. 黑色的钢笔很长。

The blue pen is longer than the black one. 蓝色的钢笔比黑色的长。 The red pen is the longest of the three. 红色的钢笔是三支中最长的。 2.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则 规则变化:

1)一般情况下,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est;

8

如:small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest

2)在重读闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est;

如:big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest

3)以不发音e结尾的单音节词,比较在原级后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st; 如:large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest

4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词, 把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est; 如:easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest

5)多数多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most; 如:beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful different→more different→most different 列表如下: 构成法 原级 比较级 最高级 tall(高的) taller tallest 一般单音节词末尾加-er,-est great(巨大的) greater greatest 以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以-lenice(好的) nicer nicest 结尾的双音节 large(大的) larger largest 词只加-r,-st 以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双big(大的) bigger biggest 写结尾的辅 hot(热的) hotter hottest 音字母,再加-er,-est “以辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,改y为easy(容易的) easier easiest i,再加-er, busy(忙的) busier busiest -est clever(聪明少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er,cleverer cleverest 的) -est narrower narrowest narrow(窄的) important(重要其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more,more important most important 的) most来构成比较级和最高级 more easily most easily easily(容易地) 不规则变化:

6)有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记。 列表如下:

原级 good好的 well好;(身体)好的, bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地 ill(身体)不舒服的 many许多的(可数) much许多的(不可数);非常 little少的 far远的;远地

比较级 better更好的 最高级 best最好的 worse更糟糕的,更糟糕worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地;地;(身体)更不舒服的 (身体)最不舒服的 more更多的;更 most最多的;最 less更少的 least最少的 farther更远的;更远地 farthest最远的;最远地 9

old老的

further进一步的(地) older年龄较大的;较旧的 elder仅表兄弟姊妹之间的长幼 furthest最深刻的(地) oldest年龄最大的;最旧的 eldest仅表兄弟姊妹之间的长幼 10

因篇幅问题不能全部显示,请点此查看更多更全内容