one
孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家、教育家，是儒家学派（Confucianism）的创始人，被尊称为古代的\"圣人\"（sage）。
Confucius was a great thinker and educator in Chinese history.
He was the founder of Confucianism and was respectfully referred to as an ancient \"sage\".
他的言论和生平活动记录在《论语》（The Analects）一书中。
His words and life story were recorded in The Analects.
《论语》是中国古代文化的经典著作，对后来历代的思想家、文学家、政治家产生了很大影响。
An enduring classic of ancient Chinese culture, The Analects has had a great influence on the thinkers, writers, and statesmen that came after Confucius.
不研究《论语》，就不能真正把握中国几千年的传统文化。
Without studying this book, one could hardly truly understand the thousands-of-years' traditional Chinese culture.
孔子的很多思想，尤其是其教育思想，对中国社会产生了深远的影响。
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Much of Confucius' thought, especially his thought on education, has had a profound influence on Chinese society.
在21世纪的今天，孔子的学说不仅受到中国人的重视，而且也越来越受到整个国际社会的重视。
In the 21st century, Confucian thought not only retains the attention of the Chinese, but it also wins an increasing attention from the international community.
Three
中国航天业开创于1956年。
China's space industry was launched in 1956.
几十年来，中国航天事业创造了一个又一个奇迹。
Over the past decades, China's space industry has created one miracle after another.
1970年，中国成功发射了第一颗人造地球卫星，成为世界上第五个独立自主研制和发射人造地球卫星的国家。
In 1970 China launched its first man-made earth satellite, ranking China the fifth country in the world to independently develop and launch man-made earth satellites.
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1992年，中国开始实施载人航天飞行工程（manned spaceflight program）。
In 1992 China began to carry out the manned spaceflight program.
2003年，中国成功发射了\"神舟五号\"载人飞船，使中国成为第三个发射载人飞船的国家。
In 2003 China launched Shenzhou-5, a manned spaceship.
The successful launch made China the third country to launch manned spaceships.
2007年发射了\"嫦娥一号\"，即第一颗绕月球飞行（lunar-orbiting）的人造卫星。
In 2007 Chang'e-1, the first lunar-orbiting man-made satellite, was sent to space.
2013年，第五艘载人飞船\"神舟十号\"发射成功，为中国空间站的建设打下了基础。
In 2013 Shenzhou-10, the fifth manned spaceship, was launched successfully, laying the foundation for building the Chinese Space Station.
Five
太极拳（Tai Chi）是一种武术（martial arts）项目，也是一种健身运动,
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在中国有着悠久的历史。
Tai Chi is a kind of martial arts, and a fitness exercise as well.
It has a long history in China.
太极拳动作缓慢而柔和，适合任何年龄、性别、体型的人练习。
With slow and gentle movements, Tai Chi is suitable for people of any age, sex, or body type to practice.
太极拳既可防身，又能强身健体，因而深受中国人的喜爱。
It can be used to provide self-defense as well as build the body.
Therefore, it has become very popular among Chinese people.
太极拳在发展的过程中，借鉴并吸收了中国传统哲学、医术、武术的合理内容（element），成为特色鲜明的一项运动。
During its development, Tai Chi borrowed and absorbed desirable elements from traditional Chinese philosophy, medicine, and martial arts, and it has developed into a sport with unique features.
作为中国特有的一种运动形式，太极拳也越来越受到众多外国朋友的喜爱。
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As a unique sport in China, Tai Chi is also gaining increasing popularity among many foreign friends.
Six
改革开放以来，中国的教育事业得到了快速发展，取得了引人瞩目的成就。
Since its economic reform and opening-up to the world, China's education has gone through rapid development and made remarkable achievements.
中国政府把教育摆在优先发展的地位，坚持科教兴国（revitalize the country），全面提倡素质教育 (quality-oriented education)。
The Chinese government gives top priority to the development of education, persists in revitalizing the country by science and education, and fully advocates quality-oriented education.
同时，积极推进教育公平，保障人人有受教育的机会。
Meanwhile, it actively promotes equality in education to guarantee everyone access to education.
中国的教育成就反映在两个不同的层面：
China's achievements in education can be reflected in two different layers:
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一个是全面普及了九年义务教育（nine-year compulsory education），
One is the popularization of the nine-year compulsory education;
另一个是实现了高等教育大众化（mass higher education）。
the other is the realization of mass higher education.
教育的发展为中国的经济发展和社会进步作出了重大贡献。
The development of education has made significant contributions to China's economic development and social progress.
近年来，为适应社会、经济发展的需要，中国政府不断加快培养各领域的急需人才。
In recent years, to satisfy the needs of social and economic development, the Chinese government has sped up the training of qualified personnel urgently needed
Seven
为人诚信，以和为贵是中华民族的传统美德。
Integrity and harmony are traditional Chinese virtues.
\"和\"的思想体现在很多方面。
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\"Harmony\" is demonstrated in various aspects.
在处理人与人的关系上，中国传统思想主张\"和为贵\"以及\"家和万事兴\"，从而创造一个和谐的社会环境。
In regard to interpersonal relations, traditional Chinese thoughts hold that \"Harmony is most precious\" and \"A family that lives in harmony will prosper\".A harmonious social environment can be created based on these principles.
在人与自然的关系上，人类应当学会认识自然，尊重自然，保护自然。
As for relations between human beings and nature, people should learn to understand, respect and protect nature.
人与人、人与社会、人与自然都需要\"和谐\"。
Harmony is essential to interpersonal relations, relations between human beings and society, as well as between human beings and nature.
如今，和谐发展依然是我们的治国之本和管理人才之道。随着我国社会经济和文化的发展，\"和\"的思想更加深入人心。
Nowadays, harmonious development is still the way of running the country and managing talented personnel. With the development of China's society, economy and culture, the idea of \"harmony\" goes even deeper into people's hearts.
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中国正在向构建社会主义和谐社会的目标迈进。
China is on its way toward the goal of building a harmonious socialist society.
综合训练
one
中国书法意在既展现自然之美，又体现人的精神之美，非常讲究子的整体排列效果，注重字与行的协调。
Chinese calligraphy aims to retain the beauty of nature and illuminate the spiritual beauty of man.it stresses the overall layout and harmony between words and lines.
汉字雅致的形体蕴含着丰富的情感和艺术力量。
The graceful shapes of Chinese characters evoke deep emotion and artistic power.
在中国有个成语叫“字如其人”，意思是说可以从一个人所写的字来判断其性情。
As the chinese saying goes “the handwriting reveals the writer”which means one’s disposition can be judged by his/her handwriting.
一个人的字写得如何，也能体现出其对生活的艺术的领悟.。
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In addition,one’s handwriting also reveals his/her understanding of life and art.
潜心练字可以让人放松，抵制外界的干扰。
Devotion to practicing calligraphy can help a person to achieve relaxation and repel outside disturbance.
因此，练习书法也被认为是修心养性的一种方法。
So,it is also a way to keep mind and body fit and healthy.
Three
茶，这一美妙的饮品与四千多年前原产于中国。
Tea is a wonderful beverage originally produced in China more than 4000 years ago.
在唐代时，日本僧人从中国引入茶种，并与同时引入的禅宗思想相结合，形成了闻名世界的日本茶道。
During the Tang dynasty,Japanese monks introduced tea seeds to Japan,and by combining tea with Zen Buddhism,created the world-famous Japanese tea ceremony.
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在17世纪时，中国人的饮茶习惯被带到欧洲，进而形成了欧洲人喝茶的传统。
In the 17th century, the Chinese habit of drinking tea was brought to Europe, which then became a tradition of the Europeans.
尤其在英国，喝下午茶的习惯由此而生。
In England in particular, people develop the custom of drinking afternoon tea.
在19世纪以前，世界各地的茶叶基本来自中国。
Prior to the 19th century, all of the tea in the world was primarily grown in China.
茶是中国人对世界的重要贡献。
Tea is an important contribution of the Chinese people to the world.
Five
随着社会进步和时代变迁，中国家庭规模和家庭结构都在发生变化。
With the development of society and the change of time,the size and structure of Chinese families have been undergoing changes.
中国传统家庭模式一般至少包括夫妻和子女两代人，并普遍存在三世同堂，四世同堂
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的现象。
A traditional Chinese families generally consists of at least two generations including the husband and wife and their children,and it is a common phenomenon for three or four generations to live under one roof.
然而，改革开放以来，随着生活方式的变化，传统的大家庭模式已逐步向结构简单，规模小的家庭模式转化。
However, since the introduction of the reform and opening-up policy, with the changes in the lifestyle in our society, traditional extended families have been gradually transformed into families of simple structure and small size .
其中由父母，子女构成的核心家庭成为中国家庭结构中最主要的模式。
Among them, nuclear families, which are made up of parents and parents and children only, have become the major form of Chinese families.
Six
据史料记载，孔子曾向老子问礼，并对老子赞赏有加，这就更加证实了传统的说法，即老子与孔子处于同一个时代，是孔子的长辈。
According to historical records ,Confucius once consulted Laozi about the rites and sang high praise for him
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This confirms the traditional claim that Laozi and Confucius were contemporaries and Laozi was senior to Confucius.
老子唯一的著作是《老子》，又叫《道德经》。
The one and only book contributed by Laozi is The book of Laozi (also called Dao De Jing).
他主张无为而治，一个人应该知足，寡欲，弃智，抱朴，把自己的作为严格控制在必要的范围内。
Laozi held the idea of“governing by inaction”.
He believed that one should feel gratified,have few desires,discard wit, embrace simplicity, and confine one’s action within the limit of necessity .
虽然老子在价值观中很少论及政治，但他详细论述里如何为了人民的利益来经营国家。
Laozi rarely spoke of polices in his values.
Instead he elaborated on how to run a good state in the interest of its people.
Seven
中国现存的长城主要建筑于明代。
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The Great Wall of China that exists today was built mainly in the Ming Dynasty
这一伟大的工程耗时百余年，纵横华夏大地万余里。
It took over 100 years to complete the great project, which stretch more than 10000 Li across the country.
为了抵御外部侵略，维护国家领土，明代很多皇帝都不遗余力地巩固并扩建长城，最终完成了明长城的修建。
To resist invasion and protect the territory, many emperors of the Ming Dynasty spared no effort in fortifying, extending and eventually accomplishing the construction of the Ming Great Wall.
长城历经千余载，其本身就是一部浩然历史长卷，是国之魂魄，民之脊梁。
Going through more than 2000 years, the Great Wall has become a long historical scroll, the soul of the country and the backbone of the nation.
它也是中华民族文化和智慧的象征，深深扎根于每一位炎黄子孙中。
Rooted into the heart of all Chinese people, the Great Wall has developed into a symbol of the Chinese culture and wisdom.
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