Ⅰ 阅读理解
A
Joseph Goldberger was a doctor for the United States Public Health Service and he was an advocate for scientific and social recognition of the links between poverty and disease. In 1914, Goldberger was asked by U．S. Surgeon General Rupert Blue to study a skin disease that was killing thousands of people in the South. The disease was pellagra(糙皮病)．
Goldberger traveled to the state of Mississippi where many people suffered from pellagra. He studied the victims and their families. Most of the people lived a hard life. The doctor came to believe that the disease didn’t pass on from one to another, but was instead related to food. He received permission from the state governor to test this idea at a prison. Prisoners were offered pardons if they took part. One group of prisoners received their usual foods, mostly corn products. A second group ate meat, fresh vegetables and drank milk. Members of the first group developed pellagra. The second group did not.
But some medical researchers refused to accept Goldberger’s idea. For the South, pellagra was more than simply a medical problem. There were other things, including Southern pride.
So Goldberger had himself injected(注射) with blood from a person with pellagra. He also took liquid from the nose and throat of a pellagra patient and put them into his own nose and throat. He even swallowed pills that contained skin from pellagra patients. An assistant also took part in the experiments. So did Goldberger’s wife. None of them got sick.
Joseph Goldberger died of cancer in 1929. He was fiftyfive years old. Several years later, researchers discovered the exact cause of pellagra：a lack of vitamin B3 known as niacin.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国医生Joseph Goldberger研究糙皮病的患病原因的过程。Joseph Goldberger医生的认真、牺牲精神令人感动。
1．Who were easy targets of pellagra according to Goldberger? A．People in America.
B．People put into prison. C．People having a poor diet.
D．People touching pellagra patients. C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Most of the people lived a hard life...the disease didn’t pass on from one to another, but was instead related to food.”，再结合Goldberger在监狱进行的实验的内容可知，在Joseph Goldberger看来，糙皮病和食物有关，而且患者大多生活条件差；再结合实验中提到的主要吃玉米制品的犯人最后患上了该病可知，不良的饮食容易导致人们患糙皮病。
2．What did Goldberger want to prove by the experiments mentioned in Paragraph 4?
A．Pellagra wasn’t so terrible. B．Pellagra didn’t spread. C．Pellagra could be cured.
D．Pellagra wasn’t a medical problem. B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中提到的Goldberger认为糙皮病不是传染病以及第四段中提到的他为了证明自己的观点而进行的实验的内容(将患糙皮病的人的血液注射到自己的体内、将糙皮病病人的鼻腔和口腔中的液体放入自己的鼻腔和口腔以及吞咽含有糙皮病病人的皮肤组织的药丸)和结果(他没患病)可推知，Goldberger进行实验是为了证明糙皮病不传染。
3．Which words can be used to describe Goldberger? A．Devoted and determined. B．Selfless and friendly. C．Patient and expert.
D．Stubborn and enthusiastic. A 解析：推理判断题。文中提到的Goldberger在监狱及在他自己身上做实验的内容表明他全心全意地投入到对糙皮病的研究中，有奉献精神；尽管一些人不认可Goldberger的观点，但他仍坚持自己的看法并坚决地去证明自己的观点是正确的，这体现出他意志坚定。故选A。
B
We talk about people being “colourblind” but very few of us are. Even those who describe themselves as colourblind are normally just colour deficient. A strongly colourblind person will still be able to tell 20 different colours, compared to the 100 or so that normalsighted people see.
Pingelap, a tiny island in the Pacific, is a beautiful spot but one that has a genetic trouble. It is known as Colourblind Island because so many people who live on this remote island can only see in black and white.
Not being able to see in colour is bad enough. But one islander, Herrol, who’s a fisherman, also struggles in full sunlight because all he sees is a painful burntout image.“I find it difficult to go outside in the sun，” he says，“because when it’s sunny I cannot see to do my work.”
But if being truly colourblind is rare, why is it that around 10% of the population of Pingelap live in a totally black and white world?
Well, we know that in 1780 the population of Pingelap was all but wiped out by a tsunami(海啸). As few as 20 people survived, one of whom was the king. It’s believed he had a genetic fault that causes colourblindness and he passed this fault on to his many generations.
There is one advantage. Herrol can see well, really well, in the dark. So when it gets dark, Herrol and his friends get in their boats and hunt flying fish. They hang up flaming torches and the flying fish are attracted to the flames. “This type of fishing is fun，” Herrol says, “especially if we catch plenty. So even though it’s hard work we enjoy it.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了色盲岛——Pingelap岛，以及该岛上居民色盲的原因、情况等。
4．What is Pingelap famous as?
A．A tiny island.
B．A beautiful island.
C．A mentally troubled island. D．A colourblind island.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，Pingelap岛因被称为色盲岛而出名，故D项正确。
5．What can we infer about Herrol?
A．He may stay at home when it’s sunny. B．He is interested in burntout images. C．He likes taking photos very much.
D．He doesn’t live in Pingelap any more.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，他发现在阳光下无法看清东西，所以无法工作；据此可以判断，阳光充足时他可能会待在家里面，故A项正确。
6．Why are so many people in Pingelap colourblind? A．Because Pingelap often suffers from tsunamis. B．Because the king had an unlucky marriage.
C．Because the king’s genetic fault played a role. D．Because the king made a serious mistake.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知，该岛的国王有导致色盲的基因，这是一种基因缺陷，他将这一基因传给了后代，所以岛上的很多人是色盲，故C项正确。
7．What would be the best title for the text? A．The Island of Colourblindness B．The Disadvantage of Herrol C．The History of Pingelap
D．The Advantage of Colourblindness
A 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了色盲岛——Pingelap岛， 故A项正确。
Ⅱ 完形填空 Honesty is always the best policy，especially when it comes to mental health problems. In a TV __1__，one girl gets very real about dealing with anxiety and panic.
“I was the best student in my high school. I put so much __2__ on myself，” she said. “I never __3__a class. But I got sick during 10th grade and I started to __4__. That was when the panic attacks began.” She goes on to describe what a panic attack __5__ like，“One day the teacher handed me my grade __6__，and I couldn’t breathe. My heart was beating very __7__. I felt disconnected. I saw people trying to talk to me but I couldn’t hear them. Afterwards，I was sent to __8__，” she shared.
It was then __9__ the attacks started happening __10__ daily，and they haven’t stopped. “Last year I started college. And I can’t be the best student here no matter how hard I try，” she said. “Everyone is so __11__. My panic attacks got so bad that I had to __12__ my first semester.”
However，now she is facing her anxiety，and things are getting better. “I used to try to hide __13__. I thought that __14__ nobody knew，it would not exist，” she said. “But the more I talk about my __15__，the more I realize that other people experience __16__ things. So I’m trying to express it more. I had a great teacher
__17__ told me，‘Instead of letting anxiety keep you from doing your art，let it be the thing that __18__your art.’”
Recently，women all over the world took to Twitter to __19__ what anxiety is like. We are __20__ alone.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一个女孩分享了她曾经的焦虑经历，后来，她勇敢面对焦虑，情况得以好转。作者借这个事例说明直面困难、坦陈问题往往是解决心理健康问题的良策。
1．A.project B．program C．platform D．station B 解析：根据“In a TV ______，one girl gets very real about dealing with anxiety and panic.”可知，在一个电视节目(program)中，一个女孩坦诚地分享了她克服焦虑和惊恐的经历，故B项正确。A项意为“项目”，C项意为“平台”，D项意为“站”，都与语境不符。
2．A.weight B．height C．pressure D．measure
C 解析：根据前一句“I was the best student in my high school.”再结合该句“ I put so much ______ on myself”可知，该句是说，在学校里这个女孩是一位优等生，她自己给自己施加了很多压力。C项意为“压力”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“体重”，B项意为“身高”，D项意为“度量单位”，都与语境不符。
3．A.joined B．succeeded C．failed D．attended
C 解析：根据上文，再结合该句“I never ______a class.”可知，这个女孩从没有考试不及格过；C项意为“不及格”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“加入”；B项意为“成功”；D项意为“参加”。
4．A.fall behind B．fall down C．leave behind D．leave alone
A 解析：根据上下文可知，在十年级时这个女孩生病了，成绩开始落后；A项意为“落后”，符合语境，故A项正确。B项意为“跌倒；失败”；C项意为“留下，遗留”；D项意为“不打扰”。
5．A.looks B．sounds C．tastes D．feels
D 解析：根据空处前后句可知，这个女孩是在描述焦虑症发作时的感觉。feel like为固定搭配，意为“感觉像是„„”，符合语境，故D项正确。
6．A.report B．survey C．research D．notice A 解析：根据该句中“One day the teacher handed me my grade ______，and I couldn’t breathe.”可知，老师将成绩单交给了这个女孩；表示“成绩单”用“grade report”，故A项正确。
7．A.mildly B．wildly C．slowly D．severely
B 解析：根据后一句“I felt disconnected.”可以判断，这个女孩看到了她的成绩单后感觉无法呼吸，心脏疯狂地(wildly)跳动，故B项正确。A项意为“温和地”；C项意为“缓慢地”；D项意为“严格地”。
8．A.school B．work
C．hospital D．home
C 解析：参见上题解析并结合该句“Afterwards，I was sent to ______”可以判断，最后，这个女孩被送往医院。故C项正确。
9．A.when B．since C．before D．that
D 解析：根据该句“It was then ______ the attacks started happening ______ daily，and they haven’t stopped.”可知，该句使用了强调句型，被强调的部分是then，故用that引导句中的其他部分，故D项正确。
10．A.still B．always C．merely D．almost
D 解析：根据空处所在句可知，从那时起焦虑几乎每天发生，没有停止过。D项意为“几乎”，符合语境，故D项正确。
11．A.ambitious B．anxious C．talented D．experienced
C 解析：根据空处前一句可知，在大学里，无论这个女孩怎么努力都无法成为最好的学生；结合该句“Every one is so ______．”可知，每个人都有天赋；C项意为“有天赋的”，符合语境，故C项正确。
12．A.arrange B．perform C．operate D．cancel
D 解析：根据该句“My panic attacks got so bad that I had to ______ my first semester.”可知，这个女孩的焦虑症变得如此严重，她不得不休学。D项意为“取消”，符合语境，故D项正确。
13．A.it B．them C．me D．us A 解析：根据空处前后句可知，空处指代前一句的“anxiety”，后一句中的“it would not exist”也是提示。故此处用it。
14．A.unless B．if C．while D．as
B 解析：根据语境可知，空处引导条件状语从句，故此处用if。 15．A.confidence B．dream C．issue D．desire
C 解析：根据上下文可知，空处是指这个女孩的焦虑问题。C项意为“问题”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“信心”；B项意为“梦想”；D项意为“渴望”。
16．A.similar B．familiar C．various D．serious
A 解析：根据上下文可知，此处是指这个女孩对她的问题谈得越多，她就越意识到其他人也经历过相似的事情。文章的最后一段也是提示。故A项正确。
17．A.who B．whom C．whose D．which
A 解析：分析该句结构可知，该句为定语从句，先行词为“a great teacher”，在从句中作主语，故用who引导该定语从句。
18．A.abandons B．quits C．motivates D．protests
C 解析：根据语境可知，空处应用与“keep you from doing your art”意义相反的
一个动词。C项意为“激励”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“放弃”；B项意为“停止”；D项意为“反对”。
19．A.advertise B．advise C．share D．compare C 解析：根据该句“Recently，women all over the world took to Twitter to ______ what anxiety is like.”可知，最近，世界各地的女性都在推特上分享了焦虑的经历。C项意为“分享”，符合语境，故C项正确。
20．A.always B．sometimes C．seldom D．never
D 解析：参见上题解析，再结合该句“We are ______ alone.”可知，焦虑者不是孤独的，故用否定词never。
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