英文论文中引文的注意事项

正确引⽤作品原⽂或专家、学者的论述是写好英语论⽂的重要环节；既要注意引述与论⽂的有机统⼀,即其逻辑性,⼜要注意引述格式 （即英语论⽂参考⽂献）的规范性。引述别⼈的观点,可以直接引⽤,也可以间接引⽤。⽆论采⽤何种⽅式,论⽂作者必须注明所引⽂字的作者和出处。⽬前美国学术界通⾏的做法是在引⽂后以圆括弧形式注明引⽂作者及出处。现针对⽂中引述的不同情况,将部分规范格式分述如下。

1.若引⽂不⾜三⾏,则可将引⽂有机地融合在论⽂中。如:

The divorce of Arnold's personal desire from his inheritance results in “the familiar picture of Victorian man alone in an alienuniverse”(Roper9).

这⾥,圆括弧中的Roper为引⽂作者的姓(不必注出全名)；阿拉伯数字为引⽂出处的页码(不要写成p.9)；作者姓与页码之间需空⼀格,但不需任何标点符号；句号应置于第⼆个圆括弧后。

2.被引述的⽂字如果超过三⾏,则应将引⽂与论⽂⽂字分开,如下例所⽰:

Whitman has proved himself an eminent democratic representative and precursor, and his “Democratic Vistas” is an admirable and characteristic diatribe. And if one is sorry that in it Whitman is unable to conceive the

extreme crises of society, one is certain that no society would be tolerable whoses citizens could not find refreshment in its buoyant democratic idealism.(Chase 165)

这⾥的格式有两点要加以注意。⼀是引⽂各⾏距英语论⽂的左边第⼀个字母⼗个空格,即应从第⼗⼀格打起；⼆是引⽂不需加引号,末尾的句号应标在最后⼀个词后。

3.如需在引⽂中插注,对某些词语加以解释,则要使⽤⽅括号(不可⽤圆括弧)。如:

Dr.Beaman points out that“he [Charles Darw in] has been an important factor in the debate between evolutionary theory andbiblical creationism”(9).

值得注意的是,本例中引⽂作者的姓已出现在引导句中,故圆括弧中只需注明引⽂出处的页码即可。

4.如果拟引⽤的⽂字中有与论⽂⽆关的词语需要删除,则需⽤省略号。如果省略号出现在引⽂中则⽤三个点,如出现在引⽂末,则⽤四个点,最后⼀点表⽰句号,置于第⼆个圆括弧后(⼀般说来,应避免在引⽂开头使⽤省略号)；点与字母之间,或点与点之间都需空⼀格。如:

Mary Shelley hated tyranny and“looked upon the poor as pathetic victims of the social system and upon the rich andhighborn...with undisguised scorn and contempt...(Nitchie 43).5.若引⽂出⾃⼀部多卷书,除注明作者姓和页码外,还需注明卷号。如:

Professor Chen Jia's A History of English Literature aimed to give Chinese readers“a historical survey of English literaturefrom its earliest beginnings down to the 20thcentury”(Chen,1:i).

圆括弧⾥的1为卷号,⼩写罗马数字i为页码,说明引⽂出⾃第1卷序⾔(引⾔、序⾔、导⾔等多使⽤⼩写的罗马数字标明页码)。此外,书名 A History of English Literature 下划了线；规范的格式是:书名,包括以成书形式出版的作品名(如《失乐园》)均需划线,或⽤斜体字；其他作品,如诗歌、散⽂、短篇⼩说等的标题则以双引号标出,如“To Autumn”及前⾯出现的“DemocraticVistas”等。

6.如果英语论⽂中引⽤了同⼀作者的两篇或两篇以上的作品,除注明引⽂作者及页码外,还要注明作品名。如:Bacon condemned Platoas“an obstacle to science”(Farrington, Philosophy 35).

Farrington points out that Aristotle's father Nicomachus, a physician, probably trained his son in medicine(Aristotle 15).这两个例⼦分别引⽤了Farrington的两部著作,故在各⾃的圆括弧中分别注出所引⽤的书名,以免混淆。两部作品名均为缩写形式(如书名太长,在圆括弧中加以注明时均需使⽤缩写形式),其全名分别为 Founder of Scientific Philosophy 及 The Philosophyof Francis Baconand Aristotle。

7.评析诗歌常需引⽤原诗句,其引⽤格式如下例所⽰。

When Beowulf dives upwards through the water and reaches the surface,“The surging waves, great tracts of water, / were all

cleansed...”(1.1620-21).

这⾥,被引⽤的诗句以斜线号隔开,斜线号与前后字母及标点符号间均需空⼀格；圆括弧中⼩写的1是line的缩写；21不必写成1621。如果引⽤的诗句超过三⾏,仍需将引⽤的诗句与论⽂⽂字分开(参见第四项第2点内容)。---------------------------------------------------------------------------（摘⾃《外语与外语教学》1999年第8期，原⽂：“英语论⽂写作规范”作者 刘新民）