一.概述
1.什么是被动语态？
英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。 2.考纲要求：掌握被动语态的结构以及各个时态的用法
掌握带有情态动词的被动语态的的结构和基本用法。
3.中考热点：各个时态下得被动语态的构成以及用法。尤其是一般现在时，一般过去时的被
动语态结构以及用法
二.例句分析
1.(2011,北京.34) Many accidents _____ by careless drivers last year.
A. are caused B. were caused C. have caused D. will cause 解析：此题考察的是不同时态下被动语态的结构以及用法。
2.（2010.北京，24）The road _____ last year.
A. builds B. builts C. was built D. is built 解析：此题考查被动语态的一般过去时的结构和用法。 三. 被动语态的构成
被动语态的结构为： be+动词过去分词 四.各种时态的主被动语态结构形式： 时 态 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 现在完成时 过去完成时 过去将来时 现在进行时 Am/is/are doing Would/should/be going to+ do Had done did 主动语态 Do/does 被动语态 Am/is/are done Was/were done 例句 主动语态 We clean up classroom everyday. 被动语态 the The classroom iscleaned by us every day. We cleaned up the The classroom was cleaned classroom yesterday. by usyesterday. Will/shall/be going Will/shall/be They will plant trees These trees will be planted to+ do going to+ be tomorrow tomorrow. Have/has done done Have/has done Had been done been Jim has been finished The work has been finished his work. by Jim. Jim had been finished The work had been finished his work by Jim. Would/should/be He said he would make He said a kite would be going to+ be a kite. made by him. done Am/is/are being She is watering flowers. Flowers are being watered done by her. 过去进行时 Was/were doing Was/were being She was writing a letter A letter was being written by done this time yesterday. her this time yesterday. Can/may/must be done I can find him. He can be found by me. 含有Can/may/must do 情态动词 真题再现：(2011,北京.34) Many accidents _____ by careless drivers last year. A. are caused B. were caused C. have caused D. will cause
解析：此题考察被动语态不同时态的结构以及用法，答案为B。又句尾的last year是一般过 去时的标志词，而且主语many accidents 不是人，所以一般过去时的被动语态时 was/were+ done
练习题：
1.Many trees and flowers ________ in our school last year，and they made our school a beautiful garden．
A．plant B．planted C．have planted D．were planted 2.--Our environment is getting worse than before.
--You're right. But thanks to Earth Day_______, people have done more and more useful things toprotect(保护)the earth since Earth Day
A. is started B. was started C. has started 3.--Do you often clean your classroom? --Yes. Our classroom __________every day. A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned 五。被动语态的用法
1.不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如：some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知谁偷的)
This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。（没有必要或说出出版者）
2.强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
例如：The window was broken by mike.窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by Lunxun.这本书是他写的。
3.为了更好地安排句子。
例如：The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. 4.主语不是人
例如：Many houses were washed away by flood.许多房子被洪水冲走。
歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。 六。主动语态和被动语态的转换
1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 2.把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)
(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。
3把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如： All the people laughed at him. ---- He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory. ----The bikes are made by them in the factory. 歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。 4.谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。
例如：His best friend often looks after him. --He is often looked after by his best friend. 5.主动语态中若有双宾语,将其中一个宾语变为被动句的主语,另一个宾语不变。动词make/buy//get用for;动词give//send/lend/take用to)
例如：Vivian gave me a book. (双宾语，人间物直， me为间接宾语，a book 为直接宾语) -- I was given a book by Vivian.
--A book was given to me by Vivian.（直接宾语提前时，要在间接宾语前加介词） 6.主动语态若有复合宾语，（即句子结构为主＋及物动词＋宾＋宾补），将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补不变。
例如： They call him Louis. --He is called Louis.
7.当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。
例如：Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.
可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
8.主动语态句中动词make, have, let(使sb做sth), notice. see. watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel等变成被动语态时，后面的不定式需要加上to. 例如：Mr. Lee made him wash the dishes.
--He was made to wash the dishes.
9.有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
例如：The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
10.非谓语动词的被动语态 v.+ing形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。
例如：I don't like being laughed at in the public. 11.It is said that+从句及其他类似句型
一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”。 有：It is said that„据说,It is reported that„据报道It is believed that„大家相信It is hoped that„大家希望It is well known that„众所周知It is thought that„大家认为It is suggested that„据建议 例如：It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）
七。一些主动表被动的意义的词
1.break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
例如：This kind of cloth washes well
2.系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
例如：Your reason sounds reasonable你的理由听起来很合理 The steel feels cold.钢摸上去是冰冷的。
3.在need，want，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
例如：The house needs repairing（to be repaired）．这房子需要修理。 4.be worth doing，doing表被动含义
例如：The picture-book is well worth reading．（＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read．）
这本漫画书值得一读。
八.不能使用被动语态的情况
1.主动句的宾语是each other或反身代词时，不能用被动语态 例如：They helped each other study English.
2.当主动句的谓语动词是表状态的及物动词，不能使用被动语态。 例如：We will have a meeting.
3.主动句的宾语是不定式或者动名词时，不能用被动语态 例如：He asked me to have a try. 九。被动语态和主系表结构的区别
1.被动语态强调主语是动作的承受者，而系表结构表示的是主语的状态 例如：The stop is closed today.表示关闭的状态 The shop is closed at 10:00 表示动作发生
2.系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时，被动语态可以应用到多种时态。 3.系表结构中过去分词常有国定搭配的介词，被动语态没有。
九.本章小结
本章介绍被动语态的用法以及在各个时态中的运用。本章内容主要的考点是被动语态在各个 时态中的结构和用法。所以一定要牢记各个时态的被动语态的结构，另外还需要记住被动语 态的一些常用用法。总结如下： 1.什么是被动语态。
2.被动语态的基本构成是多少。
3.各种时态下被动语态的结构式什么。
4.主动语态如何转换成被动语态。
5还有双宾语，复合宾语，宾语补足语，非谓语动词情况下如何转化成被动语态。 6.主动表被动的词有哪些
7被动语态与主系表结构的区别 8.哪些情况下不能变被动语态
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