过去分词做状语
一、要点精讲
1.过去分词作状语，修饰谓语，说明动作发生的情况或背景，表示被动或完成的动作。其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语一致。过去分词与句子主语之间通常存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
（1）过去分词的形式
过去分词只有一种形式：done
Praised by the neighbours,he became the pride of his parents.
受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。
（2）过去分词的否定式
过去分词的否定形式由not+done构成
Not given enough time ,he couldn’t finish the job on time.
因为没有给他充分的时间，所以他没能按时完成工作。
2.过去分词的作用：过去分词用作状语时，可以表示谓语动作所发生的原因、条件、让步、伴随、时间等。
（1）She soon fell asleep,exhausted by the journey.(原因)
由于旅途劳累，她很快就睡着了。
（2）Given more education,Tom’s EQ could be improved.（条件）
如果多受教育的话，汤姆的情商可以提高。
（3）Repaired many times, the car still broke down on the road.(让步)
虽然修了很多次，但这辆汽车还是在路上抛锚了。
（4）I finally reached the finishing line entirely exhausted.（伴随）
我终于到达了终点，疲惫不堪。
（5）Asked about the result of his test,he made no answer.（时间）
被问到他的测试结果时，他没有回答。
3.区分现在分词与过去分词
分词作状语时，用现在分词还是过去分词，取决于分词与句子主语之间的关系。主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词。比较：
Seeing from the top floor, we can find the garden more beautiful.
Seen from the top floor, the garden looks more beautiful.
4.作状语时，过去分词与现在分词被动式的区别
过去分词可以用于表示条件，相当于一个被动的条件状语从句，但是现在分词的被动式一般不这样用。
United, we stand;divided, we fall.
团结则存，分裂则亡。
句中的过去分词United和divided均表示条件，相当于if we are united和if we divided。此句我们不能说成Being united, we stand;being divided , we fall.
5.有些过去分词或短语来源于系表结构，或某些动词后面加-ed转化来的形容词，作状语时不表被动而表主语的状态。常见的有lost, seated, hidden, lost in, dressed in, faced with, absorbed in, surprised, disappointed, exhausted, frightened, satisfied, tired等。
She sat by the window alone, lost in thought.
她独自坐在窗前，陷入沉思。
Satisfied with what he did, the teacher praised him in class.
老师对他的行为很满意，在班级表扬了他。
6. 原则上，过去分词做状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致，但在个别特殊情况下，过去分词的逻辑主语也可能与句子主语不一致，比如过去分词构成某些固定搭配或转化成介词或连词时，就可能出现这种情况。
Judged by his accent,he came from the south.
从她口音判断，他是南方人。
Given their inexperience,they’ve done a good job.
考虑到他们没有经验，这工作已做得很不错了。
第一句中的Judged by为固定搭配，表示：根据“……来判断”，第二句中的given是介词“考虑到”。
走出误区：
1. 判断句子是否为并列句，是并列句的话，不需要使用分词作状语；
2. 分词的逻辑主语（即分词动作的发出者）要与句子的主语一致；
3. 辨清分词（短语）与其逻辑主语的关系是主动还是被动，主动关系时用现在分词，被动关系时用过去分词。
二、典例剖析
【例题】______in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.
A. To absorb B. To be absorbed
C. Absorbed D. Absorbing
【答案】C
【解析】句意：全神贯注于绘画中，约翰没有注意到夜幕降临了。短语be absorbed in全神贯注于，这里是过去分词做原因状语。故选C。本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候，首先要抓住非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语，确定逻辑主语之后，再分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系，最后根据句意选择正确的答案。
【难度】一般
三、精题精练
1．Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way____ the sun and the stars.
A. used B. having used C. using D. use
2．______ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
A. To work B. Worked
C. To be working D. Having worked
3．Video games can be a poor influence if ________ in the wrong hands.
A. to leave B. leaving C. leave D. left
4． the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.
A. Having given B. Give C. Given D. To give
5．____ at the party, we saw Ruth standing alone in the corner of the hall.
A. Arriving B. To arrive C. Arrive D. Arrived
6．At the meeting, the boss announced that all things ________ into consideration, the planned trip would have to be called off．
A．taken B．taking
C．to take D．being taken
7．Most of her spare time ______ , she still kept on her research in the library．
A．occupied B．to be occupied
C．was occupied D．had been occupied
8．The detective, pretending to be reading a newspaper, ________ at the man seated next to a woman．
A．glanced B．glancing
C．to glance D．having glanced
9．_____ by the latest electronic toys, the little boy stood in front of the windows, without moving．
A． To be arrested B． Arrested
C． Having arrested D． Arresting
10．
— Could you please explain the assignment for Monday, Miss Smith？
— Certainly. Read the next chapter and come to class ________ to discuss what you’ve read.
A． preparing B． prepared
C． to prepare D． to be prepared
11．
_____ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _____ out of life.
A．Seen; frightened B．Seeing; frightening
C．Seeing; frightened D．To see; frightening
12．The rainy weather lasted for a couple of days, completely _______ our plan for a picnic.
A． being ruined B． to ruin
C． ruined D． ruining
13．First _______ in 1926, the opera Turandot still attracts audience from all over the world.
A． perform B． performing
C． to perform D． performed
14．She sat at her desk, with her eyes ______ on the book, ______ in its plot.
A. fixing; absorbing B. fixed; absorbed
C. fixed; absorbing D. fixing; absorbed
15．The young man rushed out of the room, ______ into his car and started it hurriedly, ______ to get home as soon as possible.
A. got; hoped B. getting; and hoped
C. got; hoping D. getting; hoped
16．When________, the museum will be open to the pulic next year.
A. to be completed. B. completing
C. being completed D. completed
17．An individual human existence should be like a river---small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and_____ passionately past rocks and over waterfalls.
A．to rush B．rushing C．rushed D．rush
18．
________ into use in April 2012, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.
A. Putting B. Put C. Having put D. Being put
19．With a view to fighting against crimes online, the authority hosted an anti-piracy concert with over 100 pop singers, _______ fans not to buy pirated music and movies.
A. urging B. to urge
C. having urged D. urged
20．The conflict between economic development and environmental protection, if not appropriately _________, can cause disastrous consequences in daily life settings.
A. being managed B. to manage
C. managed D. managing
21．—He didn’t feel a bit nervous when ________.
—No．He’d had a lot of time ________ for it after all.
A． interviewing；to prepare
B． interviewed；to prepare
C． interviewing；preparing
D． being interviewed；preparing
22．Although ________ about fatness, she still has confidence in her performance of daily life.
A. teased B. teasing C. tease D. to tease
23．The refugee crisis（难民危机） in Europe, if ________ properly, can lead to serious social problems.
A. not handled B. not being handled
C. not to be handled D. not having been handled
24.The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if regularly, can improve our health.
A. being carried out B. carrying out
C. carried out D. to carry out
25．Experts have found that the disease will lead to a greater increase in the number of sufferers unless ________ seriously when the symptom first appears.
A. treated B. to be treated
C. being treated D. be treated
26．_______ the costume and ________ in the wing, the comedian moved his lips as if repeating the lines.
A. Dressed in, waiting B. Dressing in, waiting
C. Putting on, wait D. Having on, be waiting
27．
The girl, when _____ why she _____ in the exam, just lowered her head and kept silent．
A． questioned; was cheated
B． being questioned; was cheating
C． questioned; had cheated
D． being questioned; has cheated
28．
There are about 85% of adults _______ the idea of a ban on smoking.
A. welcome B. to welcome
C. welcomed D. welcoming
29．It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ______ by my head teacher why I was late for school.
A. questioning B. having questioned
C. questioned D. to be questioned
30． The pipes have oil or water inside them, which is heated and sent to the storage tank until ______ to produce electricity.
A. needed B. needing
C. to need D. having needed
31．
_____ with so much trouble，we failed to complete the task on time．
A． Faced B． Face
C． Facing D． To face
32．________ around the Water Cube，we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest．
A． Having shown B． To be shown
C． Having been shown D． To show
33．Once ______, the book will surely attract readers’ attention since it is related to people’s health.
A. publishing B. having published
C. published D. to publish
34．School kids take part in parades on campus on Halloween, ___________ in colorful costumes, after which there is a small party inside the classroom.
A. dressing B. dressed
C. being dressed D. dress
35．_____ in the woods，the two girls were frightened and kept crying．
A．Having lost B．Lost
C．To be lost D．Being lost
36．__________ the program , they have to stay there for another two weeks.
A. Not completing
B. Not having completed
C. Not completed
D. Having not completed
37． in running for head of the department, which most colleagues had not expected, made her parents very upset.
A. Lucy was defeated
B. Lucy being defeated
C. Lucy’s been defeated
D. Lucy's being defeated
38．_______ in the computer game, Peter didn’t notice his father approaching.
A. Being lost B. Lost
C. Losing D. To lose
39．_____ with shame, the boy lowered his head, ready for the punishment from his dad.
A. Filled B. Filling
C. To fill D. To have filled
40．The old woman carefully sorted out the eggs, _____ them in the basket and headed for the market.
A. put B. to put
C. putting D. having put
41．________ beyond words, the businessman agreed to donate some money to help the sick.
A. Moving B. Moved
C. Being Moved D. To moved
42．Driving Offence Point System is a computer-controlled system _____ to reduce accident rates and make roads much safer.
A. designing B. to design
C. to be designed D. designed
43．In China, New Year's Day isn't a big moment______ with the Spring Festival．
A．comparing C．to compare B．compared
D．being compared
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