各种状语从句的用法

各种状语从句的用法

1 时间状语从句：

（1）When引导的时间状语从句，表示主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词是同时发生的，或从句的动作发生在主句的动作稍前一点，when从句表示“一段”时间或“一点”时间。

When my cousin came yesterday , I was playing volleyhall.

昨天我表哥来时，我正在打排球。（came是一般过去时，表示时间点，was playing 表示一段时间，两个动作是同时发生的。）

我今天早上起床时，感到不舒服。（两个动作同时发生，都是一般过去时。）

when the air moves , it is called wind.

空气流动时，就产生风。（moves和is called 是同时发生。）

when he opened the door , he saw a girl sitting at the desk reading .

当他打开门时，他看见一个女孩正坐在书桌前看书。（opened发生在saw稍前一点，都用一般过去时。）

when I arrive home , I shall telephone you.

我到家时，将打电话告诉你。

(2) before引导的时间状语从句所表示的动作，发生在主句动作之后。如果强调主句动作的先完成，其谓语应用过去完成时，before引导的从句用一般过去时。如果不强调动作的先后，那么主句和从句的谓语用一般过去时。

he worked in Beijing before he came here.

他来这里之前在北京工作。（worked发生came在之前，但不强调先后，故用一般过去时。）

He had already worked for five hours continuously before he took a rest.

在他休息之前，他已连续不断的工作了五个小时。

（强调主句had worked 的在前，故用过去完成时。）

I saw him before he left.

他离开前我见过他。（saw比left稍前一些，但不强调两者的 前后，所以都用一般过去时。）

She was at school before she became a barber.

当理发师之前她在念书。（was发生在前，became发生在后，但不强调先后，故用一般过去时。）

(3) after:用after引导的时间状语从句，所表示的动作发生在主句动作之前。如果强调动作的先后，after从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时，如果不强调先后而表示连续的动作，主句和从句用一般过去时。

after she finished her homework , she went to bed.

她完成了作业就去睡觉了。（表示一个动作接着一个动作，用一般过去时。）

This morning he got up early . he put on his clothes , washed his face , brushed his teeth and then had his breakfast.

After he had had breakfast he went to school.

（got, put on , washed , brushed ,had 都用一般过去时，因为是连续的动作。Had had 用过去完成时，因强调“吃饱”发生在went 之前。）

I shall write to you after I arrive in shanghai .

到上海后我将给你写信。（arrive这个动作先与shall write ,arrive 是以现在时代替将来时，不可改为shall arrive ）

(4) while:用while引导的时间状语从句，强调主句的动作和从句的动作 在某一时间

内同时发生，意为“在。。。期间，在。。。过程中“。while引导的时间状语从句只能表示一段时间，所以必须是可延续的动作。不能表示时间的点，所以不可也非延续性动词连用。

while they were having supper , I came to their home.

正当他们在吃饭时，我来到他们家。（were having是过去进行的动作，came是过去的一点动作。）

Father took care of the child while his wife was away.

妻子不在家时，父亲照顾小孩。（took care和was 都是一半过去时，表示同时发生。）

I was doing my homework while my mother was cooking.

我母亲在做饭时，我在做家庭作业。（was doing 和was cooking两个动作同时发生。）

(5)until(till):till和 until都表示“直到“，两个词常互换使用，用法有以下两种：

（1）如果主句谓语动词为非延续性，如

come ,go ,enter ,return ,start ,reach ,finish ,stop 等，主句用否定式，从句用肯定式，如结构，意为“直到。。。。才“或”在。。。之前不“。

she won’t go to bed , until / till her mother returns.

直到她母亲回来她才睡。（或“她母亲回来之前她不睡“。）

They didn’t leave the classroom until/till they finished their homework.

他们完成了家庭作业才离开教室。（或“在完成作业之前，他们没有离开教室“。）

We won’t start until peter comes.

要等到彼得来了，我们才开始。

（2）如果主句谓语为延续性动词，如stay ,wait ,read 等，主句和从句用肯定式，意为“直到。。。“。

I waited until/till she came back.

我一直等到她回来。

The children were playing in the playing until/till it was very dark.

孩子们在操场上一直玩到了天很黑。

He ran until he was breathless.

他一直跑道气喘嘘嘘。

(6) as:用as引导的时间状语从句表示“当。。。时“，”一边。。。。一边。。。。“，主句的动作和从句的动作通红司发生，as引导的时间状语从句既可表示一段时间（用延续性动词），也可以表示某一个时间点（用非延续性动词）

as we were walking in the street , it began to rain.

正当我们在街上走，天开始下起了雨。

I gave he the letter as she came out of the classroom.

当她走出教室时，我把信给了她。

She sang as she wet along.

她一边走一边唱歌。

When he was a child.

While he was a child. He lived in Beijing .

As he was a child.

当他是个小孩时，他住在北京。（可见as有时可与when和while换用）

(7)since:引导的时间状语从句意为“自。。。以来“。从句的动词表示动作的起点，用一般过去时。主句中的动词表示动作的延续情况，一般要用现在完成时，但要注意两点：

（1）如果主句中的动词是表示状态，而不是动作，可用一般现在时。

（2）在某种特定的上下文中，主句要用过去完成时，而不用现在完成时。

five years have passed since he began his work here.

自从他开始在这里工作，已经过了五年。

It is thirty years since I taught English .

我教英语已三十年了。

She said she had worked in she university for three years she returned from the USA.

她说自从美国回来后，她在大学工作已三年了。

He has lived here so long since he came.

他来以后，已经在这住这么久了。

I haven’t heard from her since she left Beijing .

since

她离开北京以后，我再未收到过她的信。

（8）no sooner….than ,hardly when ,scarcely when 表示“刚。。。。就。。。。“，”一。。。就。。。“。主句的动作先发生用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。如果这些连接词置与句首，就要用半倒装次序，即把助动词had放在主语前。如果不放在句首，即不必倒装。

No sooner had she heard the news than she fainted.

She had no sooner heard the news than she fainted.

她一听到这个消息就晕了。

Hardly had they started to work when the trouble began.

They had hardly started to work when the trouble began.

他们刚开始工作，麻烦就跟着来了。

Scarcely had he entered the room when the phone rang.

He had scarcely entered the room when the phone rang.

他刚进房间电话就响了。

(9)as soon as , the moment ,the minute ,once:表示“一。。。就。。。‘，强调两个动作接连发生，如表示过去的动作，主句和从句用一般过去时。

she burst into tears as soon as she heard the bad news.

一听到那个坏消息，她就突然哭起来。

The minute I saw him ,I knew that he was very tired.

我一看见他就知道他已很疲倦。

I shall give him the letter the moment he comes.

他一来我就把信给他。

Once you have taken the examination , you ‘ll be able to relax.

你一考过就可以轻松一下。

（10）now(that):now (that)引导的时间状语从句表示“在。。。的时候“的意思，在口语中可省略。

Now you mention it , I do remember.

你这样一提，我就记起来了。

Now(that) it stops raining , we’ll go home.

雨既然停了，我们就回家吧。

(11) whenever:意为“无论什么时候“，“每当”。

whenever he comes , he will bring some sweets for the children.

无论什么时候来，他都给孩子们一些糖果。

Whenever he made a trip , he would bring some books with him.

每当他旅行时，他总随身带一些书。

2．地点状语从句

where,wherever可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。

Where there is oppression , there is resistance.

哪里有压迫，哪里就有反抗。

Wherever you work ,you must always remember that you are serving the people.

不论你在哪里工作，你必须经常记住，你是为人民服务的。

Where there is a will , there is a way.

有志者事竟成。

Wherever there’s plenty of sun and rain ,the 哪有充足的阳光和雨水，哪的地就是一片葱绿。

3. 原因状语从句

（1）由because引导的原因状语从句

why were you absent?

你为什么缺席？

Because I had a bad cold.

因为我患了重感冒。

He took off his coat because he felt hot.

他脱掉大衣，因为他感到热。

fields are green.

（2）用as和since引导的原因状语从句：通常位于主句之前，但有时也可至于主句之后。as表示的原因语气最弱。

As there was no answer ,I wrote again.

由于没有回信，我又再写信。

As he was in a hurry , he left his bag at home.

因为匆忙，他把他的提包丢在了家里。

I left the party at 10 p.m. ,as I had to get up early the day .

晚上十点我离开了宴会，因为第二天我得早起。

如果since表示的原因是人们已知的事实，这时since为as it is the that ，其意思则为“既然”

since he can’t answer the question ,you had better someone else.

既然他不会回答这个问题，你最好还是问另外一个人吧。

I can’t buy it ,since I have no money.

next fact ask

既然/因为/由于我没钱，我不能买这个东西。

如果表示的原因不是确定的事实，就不能用since，通常用because.

Did he come because he wanted help?

(3)用now(that)引导的原因状语从句，一般位于主句之前，如：

now (that) he is absent , you’ll have to do the work yourself.

既然他缺席了，你得自己做这个工作。

4目的状语从句

目的状语从句中的谓语，长带有may ,might ,can ,could ,should ,would.

(1) 以hat, so that , in order that 引导的目的状语从句。

they set out early (so) that they might arrive in time

他们很早动身，以便准时到达。

let’s work harder so that we may fulfil our plan ahead schedule.

by of

让我们工作得更努力吧，以便能提前完成计划。

We have learned the native language so that we can speak to the people there.

我们学会了地方话，以便能和当地人对话。

She has bought the book in order that she can follow the TV lessons.

她已经买了那本书，为了能跟上电视上的课程。

（2）以,in case ,for fear that引导的目的

状语从句：以引导的目的状语从句只用于正式文本，带有否定意义，意为“免得”，“以防”，“以免”等意义，在现在英语中多为所取代。

I hid the book lest he should see it.

我把那本书藏起来，以防他看到它。

=I hid the book for fear that he should see it.

=I hid the book in order that he should not see it.

=I hid the book so that he should not see it.

He left early in case he should miss the train

他很早就离开，以防误了火车。

Take your raincoat in case it rains/it should rain.

把雨衣带上，以防下雨。

The nurses whispered lest they should wake the sleeping child.

护士们低声说话，以免吵醒正在睡觉的孩子。

=the nurses whispered in case they should wake the sleeping child.

=the nurses whispered so (that) they should not wake the sleeping child.

=the nurses whispered in order that they should not wake the sleeping child.

5结果状语从句

表示事态结果的从句，通常主句是因，从句是果

（1） so …that so that引导的状语从句。

1． So ….that 意为“如此 以至于”。这种结果从句的结果为so+形容词或副词+that从句。

He was so angry that he left the room without saying a word

他如此愤怒以至于一言不发的离开了房间。

The book was so boring that he gave up reading it half way through.

这本书是如此的令人厌烦，他读了一半就弃而不读了。

当so位于句首时，主句的词序要倒装。

So badly was he injured that he had to go to the hospital.

他伤得很重，以至于他不得不去医院治疗。

2由so that 引导的结果状语从句：so that 意为“结果”

I was without money , so that o couldn’t buy the book

.我身上没钱，结果不能买那本书。

He had over slept ,so he was late for work.

他睡过了头，结果上班迟到了。

（2） 由such (a)…that 引导的结果状语从句，可分为以下个种：

1 such a+单数可数名词+that 从句，意为“如此 以至于 ”

This is such a beautiful chair that I’m thinking of buying it.

这是一张这么漂亮的椅子，我想买它。

It was such a bad accident that several people got injured.

事故如此严重，以至于有好几个人受了伤。

2 such+复数可数名词+that从句

They are such fine sons and daughters of the people that we all hold then in great respect.

他们是人民的这样好的儿女，所以我们都非常敬重他们。

3 such +不可数名词+that 从句

This is such beautiful furniture that I’m thinking of buying it.

这是如此漂亮的家具，以至于我想买它。

6． 行为方式状语从句

as .as so ,as if 来引导

you must do the exercises as I show you.

你不许照我演示给你看的那样去做练习。

Please do exactly as your doctor says.

请完全照医生所说的话去做。

Mary was behaving as though she hadn’t 玛利的举止显示她好象还没长大。

She stood at the door as if she was someone.

grown /were

waiting for up .

她站在门边，好象在等某人。

He walks as if he was /were drunk.

他像酒醉一样走路。

It looks as if it might snow /is going to snow.

看起来要下雪了。

7．比较状语从句

引导比较状语从句的词或词组有：than ,the+比较级….,the +比较级……,as +原级…..as ,not as (so) +原级……as

(1) 用than 引导的比较状语从句，主句用比较级，than 从句用原级。

She went to school earlier than tom did.

她上学比汤拇早。

Canada is a little bigger than the united states.

加拿大比美国稍大一些。

Production is going up much faster than before.

生产比过去增长得快多了。

(2)用the +比较级….,the +比较级的结构，意为“越 越”，“ 愈 愈”等。

The more we can do for you ,the happier we will be .

我们为你们做得越多，越感到高兴。

(3)用as +原级……as, not as (so) +原级…..as 时，这些都用在同一个等级的比较，as….as为“像 一样”， not as (so) ….as 为“不像 一样”或“不和 一样”

he got up as early as his mother .

他和他母亲起得一样早。

It is no so /as cold in fuzhou as it is in Beijing .

在福州不像在北京明年冷。

8条件状语从句

if ,unless , so long as ,as long as ,in case ,if only ,provided that ,providing 等

（1） 用if导的条件状语从句。

1引导真实条件状语从句

if he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.

如果他不在办公室，他准是去吃饭了。

If you move ,I’ll shoot you .

你若动，我就开枪。

If it rains ,the match will be cancelled.

如果下雨，比赛就将取消。

2引导非真实条件句

1） 从句表示与现在事实相反的条件时，从句的动词用一般过去时或were型虚拟语气，主句用would/should/could/might+不定式

if I were you ,I should /would consult a doctor.

假如我是你的话，我会去求教医生的。

2） 当从句表示与过去事实相反的条件时，从句动词用过去完成时，主句动词用would/should/could/might+不定式完成体。

If he had tried hard last term ,he would have succeeded.

如果上个学期他努力学习，他就会成功。

3)当丛集表示将来不大可能实现的条件时，从句动词用一般过去时或were/was to+不定式，主句动词用would/shouldcould/might|+不定式

if it rained tomorrow , the match would be cancelled.

假若明天下雨，比赛就将被取消。

Were I in your place ,I would be very worried.

假若我处于你的地位，我将会担心的。

(2) 用so long as , as long as ,in case 引导的条件状语从句。

As long as you are going to town anyway , you can do something for me.

既然你要进城，你可以帮我一点忙。

I will go there so long as he invites me.

只要他邀请，我就去那里。

As long as we don’t lose heart ,we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.

只要我们不灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的办法。

Send me a message in case you have any difficulty.

万一有什么困难，请给我们一个信。

（2） unless

he is sure to come unless he has some urgent business.

除非有急事，他一定会来。

You will not pass the exam unless you study hard .

如果你不努力学习，就会通不过考试。

（3） provided that ,if only

you can use my dictionary ,provided that you keep it chean.

你可以使用我的词典，如果你能保持它的清洁。

If only he has a chance ,he will do great things.

只要他有机会，他就能干大事。

9．让步状语从句

though ,although ,even if ,even though ,whatever ,no matter who

（1） although and though :意义相同，在一般情况下可互换使用。Although 比 though 语气更重一些。

He didn’t light the fire though/although it was cold.

他没有生火，虽然天很冷。

Though 能与even连用，而although 不能。

I often take a shower although /even though I prefer a bath.

我常常洗淋浴，虽然我更喜欢坐浴。

（2） 由even if ,if 引导的让步状语从句：even if ,even though 同义。

He failed even though /even if he had tried his best.

他虽然尽了最大努力，但仍失败了。

Even if the weather is bad tomorrow ,john will to get out.

虽然明天天气坏，约翰一定要外出。

If he is poor ,how can he buy the house.

如果他很穷，他怎么可能买房子呢？

If he is poor ,he is at least honest.

虽然他很穷，至少他是诚实的。

（3） 由as ,though 和 that 引导的特殊让步从句。

在正式文本或文学作品中，为了强调让步的意义可用as 引导让步状语从句，这时须将从句的补语或状语至于句首。

rich as he is ,I don’t envy him.

虽然他很富，可我不羡慕他。

I don’t envy him ,ever though he is rich.

However rich he may be ,I don’t envy him.

No matter how rich he is , I don’t envy him.

Tall as he was ,he couldn’t reach the apples.

他虽然很高，但还不能够到那些苹果。

Difficult though the task was ,they managed to accomplish it in time。

虽然那个任务艰难，他们仍然及时地完成可它。

Child that he was ,he knew what was the right thing to do

虽然他是个孩子，但他知道该做什么正确的事情。

（4）由whoever ,however ,whenever ,no matter who 等引导的让步状语从句，这类让步从句和条件从句在意义上有许多交叉的地方。

Keep calm ,whatever happens.

无论发生什么事，保持沉着。

However often you ring ,no will answer.

无论你多频繁打电话，就是没人接。

Whenever it rains ,this underpass is 无论何时下雨，这地方过道总是张大水。

No matter what I did ,no one paid 无论我做什么，都没人注意。

flooded.

any attention.