Humans are social animals.They live in groups all over the world.As these groups of people live apart from other groups,over the years and centuries they develop their own habits and ideas,which from different cultures.One important particular side of every culture is how its people deal with time.
Time is not very important in nonindustrial societies.The Nuer people of East Africa,for example,do not even have a word TIME that is in agreement with the abstract thing we call time.The daily lives of the people of such nonindustrial societies are likely to be patterned around their physical needs and natural events rather than around a time schedule based on the clock.They cook and eat when they are hungry and sleep when the sun goes down.They plant crops during the growing seasons and harvest them when the crops are ripe.They measure time not by a clock or calendar,but by saying that an event takes place before or after some other event Frequently such a society measures days in terms of “sleeps”or longer periods in terms of “moons.”Some cultures,such as the Eskimos of Greenland measure seasons according to the migration of certain animals.
Some cultures which do not have a written language or keep written records have developed interesting ways of “telling time”.For example,when several Australian aborigines want to plan an event for a future time,one of them places a stone on a cliff or in a tree.Each day the angle of the sun changes slightly.In a few days,the rays of the sun strike the stone in a certain way.When this happens,the people see that the agreed-upon time has arrived and the event can take place.
In contra (成对比）,exactly correct measurement of time is very important in modem,industrialized societies.This is because industrialized societies require the helpful efforts of many people in order to work.For a factory to work efficiently （well,quickly and without waste），for example,all of the workers must work at the same time.Therefore,they must know what time to start work in the morning and what time they may go home in the afternoon.Passengers must know the exact time that an airplane will arrive or depart.Students and teachers need to know when a class starts and ends.Stores must open on time in order to serve their customers.complicated societies need clocks and calendars.Thus,we can see that if each person worked according to his or her own schedule, a complicated society could hardly work at all.
1．By saying“Humans are social animals”,the author means .
A．they live all over the world B．they are different from other animals C．they live in one place, district or country, considered as a whole D．they are divided into many groups
2Time is not very important in nonindustrial societies. This is because people in those societies A．Don’t have the word TIME in their languages
B．Don’t get used to using clocks and other timepieces
C．Don’t measure time in their daily-lives around an exact time schedule D．Don’t need to plan their daily lives around an exact time schedule
3．The Australian aborigines’ way of “telling time” is based on . A．the change of the sun rays B．the movement of the earth in relation to the sun C．the position of the stone D．the position of the tree or the cliff 4．Which of the following might be the best title for this passage?
A．Time and Culture B．The Measurment of Time C．Time Schedule and Daily Life D．Clock, Calendar and Society 二
Maggie was very glad that James was not a frequent visitor to the house.In the children’s opinion,they had something that they couldn’t explain or understand about him and that excited their imagination.He stirred Maggie’s anger,however,so that she often said to her husband,“It’s a mercy that brother of yours doesn’t come oftener.”
In fact James came once a year,unexpectedly,around eight o’clock in the evening,and he stayed for six hours of close discussion with his brother.His arrival was a signal to the childreen that their bedtime would be delayed.Not that he ever spoke to them or played with them.He took no notice of them,as if he was unable to see children,at least until the time came for him to go.Indeed,after his first greeting and a careless kiss,James took no notice of Maggie either, except to add,“You’ll be getting on with the supper,Maggie.”Such was his regard for her.
Maggie paid him back in her own way.She kept the children up,the four of them,to keep her company,she said,but of course they sang and made a noise and broke the endless sound of James’voice.Very late,they dropped off to sleep in their chairs.Then,when James was about to go,Maggie woke them up and so more or less forced him to part with four shillings before he left.That gave her some satisfaction,for James,though rich,was unwilling to give or share what he had.He always went home by the last train,just after two o’clock.
Maggie’s children secretly stared at their uncle.They could not forget that he had,in their mother’s words,“lost two wives and taken a third.”They wondered about those two unfortunate,lost ladies.They asked each other what their fate（命运）had been,and if neither could ever be found again.James never brought his third wife with him nor ever mentioned her.The children decided that he must be so frightened of losing her that he never allowded her outside the door.
1．Maggie never prepared anything special for James because .
A．he was a man difficult to please B．she never knew when he was coming C．she was too busy looking after her children D．he never stayed long enough for a meal 2．What do we know about James’behaviour? A．He was a kind man,with love for the family. B．He was unselfish,especially towards his brother. C．He was anxious to please the family,especially the children. D．He was rude to his sister-in-law 3．Maggie felt pleased when .
A．she paid James the money that she owed him B．James gave some money to the children C．she had to wake James up to catch his train D．James thanked her for the nice supper 4．The children did not realise that two of Jasmes’ wives .
A．were dead B．suffered from loss of memory C．had run away from him D．might reappear one day 三
COURSE: History 101“Introduction to American History” INSTRUCTOR: Dr, Jane Klammer OFFICE: 305 Marshall Hall
OFFICE HOURS: 11:15~12:30 M W F（Monday Wednesday Friday） CLASS: 363 Marshall Hall 3:35~5:00T Th （Tuesday Thursday） 10:10~11:00M W F Other times by appointment
TELEPHONE: 255-4786
TEXTBOOK: Green,Robert P,The American Tradition:A History of the United States,Charles E.Merrill publishing Co.Columbus,Ohio 1984 which is available at the College Bookstore. COURSE Requirements（必要条件）
mid-term exam: October 10 20% of the final grade final exam: December 10 40% of the final grade term paper due: December 15 40% of the final grade
Attendance is not required,but you are responsible for all the information given in the class lectures.In the lectures I will talk about the chapters in the textbook and other material that I choose to supplement（补充）the course.The exams will cover all this information.Therefore,I advise you to come to the class as much as possible.If you have to miss a class,be sure to get the class notes from another student.
Your homework assignments are listed on the next page.You are supposed to read the chapter about which I will be lecturing before you come to class.This is to make sure that you understand as much as possible while taking notes in my lectures.Be prepared when you come to class.If there are any changes in the assigned homework reading,I will announce in class. The term paper is 40% of your final grade.It should not exceed（超前）fifteen pages.（Anyone thinking of majoring in history may write twenty-five pages.）Before the mid-term exam you will choose the topic for your paper. Have a good term!
1．If a student wants to know what the homework assignments are, .
A．Pro.Klammer announces them in class B．the student reads the list on the next page C．Prof. Klammer gives a list every week D．the student goes to the professor’s office 2．If a student cannot see Prof.Klammer during her office hours,he . A．sees her after class B．calls her at home C．makes an appointment with her D．asks another student 3．According to the passage,which of the following is true? A．The textbook is written by Dr.Jane Klammer.
B．If you have to miss a class,be sure to say sorry to Prof.Klammer.
C．The students can buy“Introduction to American History”at the College Bookstore. D．Prof.Klammer advises her students to take notes in her class.
4．If a freshman thinks that he might major in history, what is the maximum length of his paper can be? A．Fifteen pages. B．Twenty-five pages. C．Ten pages. D．No maximum. 四 HOW TO QUIT（GIVE UP）SMOKING When thinking about quitting……
List all the reasons why you want to quit.Every night before going to bed,repeat one of the reasons 10 times.
Decide positively that you want to quit.Try to avoid negative thoughts about how difficult it might be.Develop strong personal reasons in addition to your health and obligations（责任）to others.For example,think of al the time you waste taking cigarette breaks,rushing out to buy a pack,hunting a light,etc.Set a date for quitting-perhaps a special day like your birthday, a holiday.If you smoke heavily at work,quit during your vacation.Make the date sacred seriously, and don’t let anything change it.Begin to condition.yourself physically;start a modest（适度的）exercise;drink
more water;get plenty of rest. Immediately after quitting……
The first few days after you quit,spend as much free time as possible in places where smoking is prohibited （forbidden）,e.g.libraries,museums,theatres,departments stores,etc.
Drink large quantities of water and fruit juice.Try to avoid wine,coffee,and other drinks which remind you of cigartte smoking.
Strike up a conversation with someone instead of a match for a cigarette.
If you miss the sensation of having a cigarette in your hand,play with smething else-a pencil,a pen,a ruler.
If you miss having something in your mouth,try toothpicks or a fake（彷制的）cigarette. 1．Which of the following statements is best supported by the author?
A．Whenever you feel like a cigarette,try to forget it by starting a conversation with someone. B．Try to be an ice-breaker before asking for a light.
C．If you miss the sensation of having a cigarette in your mouth,play with a pen. D．Every night before going to bed, repeat the reasons 10 times. 2．From the passage,we know smokers . A．spend a lot of time breaking the habit of smoking B．have to stop to smoke from time to time C．had better quit smoking during their holiday D．start a modest exercise 3．The author suggested .
A．all kinds of drinks be avoided immediately after quitting B．drinking water and fruit juice immediately after quitting
C．trying low-tar（低焦油）cigarettes immediately after quitting D．spending as much free time as possible in public places 4．If the article is in a newspaper,which section it is in?
A．Sports. B．News. C．Health D．Culture. 五
A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in almost the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as formal texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual situation of the time and the child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.
A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or making him sad thinking. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often sorry for cruelty than those who had not. As to fears, there are, I think, some cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.
There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two - headed dragons, magic carpets, etc. do not exist; and that, instead of being fond of the strange side in fairy tales, the child should be taught to learn the reality by studying history. I find such people, I must say so peculiar (奇怪的) that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girl -friend.
No fairy story ever declared to be a description of the real world and no clever child has ever believed that it was.
1.The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is ____ . A . repeated without any change B. treated as a joke C. made some changes by the parent D. set in the present
2.According to the passage, great fear can take place in a child when the story is ____ .
A. in a realistic setting B. heard for the first time C. repeated too often D. told in a different way 3.The advantage claimed (提出) for repeating fairy stories to young children is that it ____. A. makes them less fearful B. develops their power of memory C. makes them believe there is nothing to be afraid of D. encourages them not to have strange beliefs
4.The author’s mention of sticks and telephones is meant to suggest that ______.
A. fairy stories are still being made up B. there is some misunderstanding about fairy tales C. people try to modernize old fairy stories D. there is more concern for children's fears nowadays 5. One of the reasons why some people are not in favor of fairy tales is that _____.
A. they are full of imagination B. they just make up the stories which are far from the truth C. they are not interesting D. they make teachers of history difficult to teach 六
Trees are useful to man in three important ways: they give him wood and other useful things, they give him cool places, and they help to stop drought and flood.
Unluckily, in many parts of the world, man has not found that the third of these points is the most important. Man wants to make money from trees,so he has cut them down in large numbers, only to find that without them he has lost the best friends he had. And also, he is usually too careless to plant and look after new trees. So the forests slowly disappear.
This does not only mean that man will have fewer trees. The results are even worse: for where there are trees, their roots break up soil-make the rain in-and also bind the soil, thus stopping it from being washed away easily; but where there are no trees, the rain falls on hard ground and flows away, causing floods and carrying away the rich top-soil. When all the top-soil is gone, nothing is left but useless desert.
1. The most important points of trees to man is _____.
A. they help him to make money B. they give him cool
C. they give him wood and other things D. they help him to stop drought and floods 2. In many places forests slowly disappear because ______ .
A. many trees have been cut down by man B. new trees are not well looked after C. man has not paid enough attention to planting trees D. all the above 3. Land becomes desert after all trees are cut down because _____ .
A. roots of trees break up the soil B. there are too many rainfalls C. strong winds bring a lot of sand
D. there are no longer trees to keep the rain and protect the top-soil. 4.Which title best fits the passage?
A. Trees and Man B. The Function of Tree Wood C. How do People do with Trees? D. The Usage of Tree Roots 七
Laptop computers are popular all over the world. People use them on trains and airplanes, in
airports and hotels. These laptops connect people to their workplace. In the United States today, laptops also connect students to their classrooms.
Westlake College in Virginia will start a laptop computer program that allows students to do schoolwork anywhere they want. Within five years, each of the 1500 students at the college will receive a laptop. The laptops are part of a ＄10 million computer program at Westlake, a 110-year-old college. The students with laptops will also have access to the Internet. In addition, they will be able to use e-mail to “speak” with their teachers, their classmates, and their families. However, the most important part of the laptop program is that students will be able to use computers without going to computer labs. They can work with it at home, in a fast-food restaurant or under the trees-anywhere at all!
Because of the many changes in computer technology , laptop use in higher education, such as colleges and universities, is workable. As laptops become more powerful, they become more similar to desktop computers. In addition, the portable computers can connect students to not only the Internet, but also libraries and other resources. State higher-education officials are studying how laptops can help students. State officials are also testing laptop programs at other universities, too.
At Westlake College, more than 60 percent of the staff use computers. The laptops will allow all teachers to use computers in their lessons. As one Westlake teacher said, “ Here we are in the middle of Virginia and we’re giving students a window on the world. They can see everything and do everything.”
1. The main purpose of the laptop program is to give each student a laptop to ________. A. use for their schoolwork B. access the Internet
C. work at home D. connect them to libraries
2. Why is the word “speak” in the second paragraph in quotation marks(引号)? A. They don’t really talk. B. They use the computer language. C. Laptops have speakers. D. None of the above reasons is correct. 3. Which of the following is true about Westlake College?
A. All teachers use computers. B.1500 students have laptops.
C. It is an old college in America. D. Students there can do everything. 4. A window on the world in the last paragraph means that students can ________. A. attend lectures on information technology B. travel around the world C. get information from around the world D. have free laptops 4. What can we infer from the passage?
A. The program is successful. B. The program is not workable. C. The program is too expensive. D. We don’t know the result yet. 八
When we can see well, we do not think about our eyes often. It is only when we can not see perfectly that we come to see how important our eyes are.
People who are nearsighted can only see things that are very close to their eyes. Many people who do a lot of close work, such as writing and reading, become nearsighted. Then they have to wear glasses in order to see distant things clearly.
People who are farsighted face just the opposite problem. They can see things that are far away, but they have difficulty reading a book unless they hold it at arm’s length. If they want to do much reading, they must get glasses too.
Other people do not see clearly because their eyes are not exactly the right shape. This, too, can be corrected by glasses. Some people’s eyes become cloudy because of cataracts. Long ago these people often became blind. Now, however, it is possible to operate on the cataracts and remove them.
When night falls, colors become fainter to the eyes and finally disappear. After your eyes have grown used to the dark, you can see better if you use the side of your eyes rather than the centers. Sometimes, after dark, you see a small thing to one side of you, which seems to disappear if you turn your head in its direction. This is because when you turn your head, you are looking at the thing too directly. Men on guard duty sometimes think they see something moving to one side of them. When they turn to look straight at it, they can not see it any more, and they believe they were mistaken. However, this mistake happens because the center of the eye, which is very sensitive in daylight, is not as sensitive as the sides of the eye after dark. 1.We don’t know that our eyes are of great importance until ________. A. we think about our eyes B. we cannot see clearly
C. we wear glasses D. we have to do much reading 2.According to the passage, a _____ is more likely to be nearsighted. A. tailor B. doctor C. guard D. painter 3.People who are farsighted ______ .
A. cannot do a lot of close work without glasses
B. can only see things that are very close to their eyes
C. have difficulty reading a book if they hold it at arm’s length D. have the same problem as the nearsighted people
4.To see a small thing at night, it is better to look _____ .
A. with wide open eyes B. with half shut or narrowed eyes C. straight at it D. in a slightly different direction 九
Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people’s. In the same way, children learning to do all the other things: they learn to do without being taught to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle, compare their own performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes and correct them for himself. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what the answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.
If it is a matter of right answer, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine(常规) work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can’t find the way to get the right answer. Let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn, how to measure their own understanding, and how to know what they know or do not know. 1. According to the passage, the best way for children to learn things is by _.
A. listening to skilled people’s advice B. asking older people many questions
C. making mistakes and having them corrected D. doing what other people do 2. Which of the following does the writer think teachers should NOT do?
A. Give children correct answers. B. Allow children to make mistakes. C. Point out children’s mistakes to them. D. Let children mark their own work. 3. According to the writer, teachers in school should ________.
A. allow children to learn from each other B. point out children’s mistakes whenever found C. give children more book knowledge D. correct children’s mistakes as soon as possible 4. The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle are ________. A. different from learning other skills B. the same as learning skills C. more important than other skills D. not really important skills 十
Joan Chen is famous both in China, where she grew up, and in the United States，where she now lives. How did Joan become a famous actress in two countries? It’s an interesting story.
Joan Chen was born in Shanghai in 1961. When she was 14, some people from a film studio (制片厂) came to her school and chose her to study at the studio. She was happy about this chance, but mainly she liked the idea of getting out of school. Soon, however she discovered that she really liked acting. At age 18, she won the Golden Rooster, China's top film prize.
In the late 1970s, Joan's parents, who were doctors, moved to the United States. Joan joined them when she was 20 and went to college there. Her parents hoped she would study medicine. In-stead, she majored in film and later looked for work as an actress. To work in the United States, Joan had to start all over again. She told Hollywood that she was an actress in China, but she only got some small parts in TV shows.
One day Joan went to speak to a director who was making a movie called Tai - pan. The interview didn't go well. As she walked away, a man in a car noticed her. The man was Dino DeLaurntiis, the film’s producer. He immediately offered her a leading part. A year later, she started in Bernardo Bertolucci’s The Last Emperor and was on her way to worldwide fame. 1.What was turn about Joan Chen when she was 14?
A . Some people came to her school and chose her as an actress.
B. She liked to study at the studio just because she wanted to be famous.
C. The most important reason for her going to the studio was that she wouldn't like to stay at school. D. She found she. was fond of acting even before she was 14. 2 When did she move to the States?
A. In the late 1970s. B. After she graduated from college. C. In the late 1980s. D. In the early 1980s 3.The interview with a director ____.
A. made her on the way to being famous in the world B. led to no immediate good result C. made her play a leading part in Tai - pan D. gave her a chance to act in The Last Emperor
一1-4 CDAA 二 1-4 BDBA 三1-4 BCDB 四1-4 ABBC 五 1-5 CBABB 十1-3 CDB
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容