招生专业：外国语言学与应用语言学 考试科目：综合英语 考试时间：3小时
1、Vocabulary and structure
Directions: Choose one word or phrase that correctly completes the sentence. Mark your answers blacking the corresponding letters.(25%)
1、Despite their good service, most inns are less costly than hotels of standards.
A、equivalent B、alike C、uniform D、likely
2、Water enters into a great variety of chemical reactions, have been mentioned in previous pages.
A、a few of it B、a few of that C、a few of them D、a few of which 3、I left for the office earlier than usual this morning traffic jam.
A、in line with B、for the sake of C、in case of D、at the risk of 4、Once they had fame, fortune, secure futures; is utter poverty. A、now that all is left B、now all that is left C、now all which is left D、now all what is left
5、All flights because of storm, they decided to take the train. A、having canceled B、having been canceled C、were canceled D、have been canceled
6、Language belongs to each one of us, to the flower-seller to the professor. A、as much as B、as far as C、the same as D、as long as
7、We preferred to postpone the meeting it without the presence of our president.
A、to holding B、than to hold C、rather than held D、rather than hold 8、Many people, if not most, literary taste as an elegant accomplishment, by acquiring which they will complete themselves, and make themselves finally fit as members of a correct society.
A、look on B、look down C、look in D、look into
9、What a good listener is able to do is to process what he hears on the basis of the context .
A、it occurring in B、occurred in it C、it occurs in D、occurring in it 10、It‟s time about the traffic problem downtown. A、anything will be done B、everything is done C、something was done D、nothing to be done
11、Physics is the present-day equivalent of used to be called natural philosophy, from which most of present-day science arose.
A、that B、which C、all D、what
12、 is the center of our planetary system was a difficult concept to grasp in the Middle Ages.
A、It is the sun and not the earth B、Being the sun and not the earth C、The sun and not the earth D、That the sun and not the earth
13、A membership card authorizes the club‟s facilities for a period of 12 months.
A、the holding using B、the holder‟s using C、the holder to use D、the holder uses
14、 I admit that there are problems ,I don‟t think that they cannot be solved. A、Unless B、Until C、As D、While
15、Although rain falls throughout most of the world, in Antarctica, and in a few other places, precipitation occurs as ice and snow.
A、and all B、all C、where all D、it is all
16、Prized for centuries for their beauty, roses are probably the world‟s plants.
A、cultivated ornamental most widely B、ornamental widely cultivated most C、most widely cultivated ornamental D、widely ornamental most cultivated 17、 they rely on external sources of warmth, amphibians in cool regions hibernate through the winter
A、Because B、By reason of C、Due to D、Since that 18、 as taste is really a composite sense made up of both taste and smell A、To which we refer B、What do we refer to C、That we refer to it D、What we refer to
19、Lorraine Hansberry‟s playa Raisin in the sun was to be produced on Broadway.
A、the first drama that an African American woman B、an African American woman whose first drama C、the first drama by an African American woman D、an African American woman‟s drama that first
20、Achallenging new area in inorganic chemistry is the role of transition metals in the biochemical catalysts called enzymes.
A、that of understanding B、to have understanding C、the understanding D、understanding that
21、Soap operas, a type of television drama series, are so called because at first they were
Such as soap manufacturers.
A、commercial companies by sponsored B、companies by commercial by sponsored C、sponsored by commercial companies D、companies
commercial sponsored by
22、She is most frugal in matters of business, but in her private life she reveals a streak of
.
A、antipathy B、prodigality C、misanthropy D、virtuosity
23、Just as some writers have the capacity of language to express meaning, Giacometti
The failure of art to convey reality.
A、despaired of …bewailed B、denied…refuted C、demonstrated…exemplified D、scoffed at…abjured
24、According to one political theorist, a regime that has as its goal absolute ,without any law or principle, has declared war on justice.
A、respectability…codification of B、supremacy…suppression of C、autonomy…accountability to D、responsibility…prioritization of 25、A lthough it seems that there would be a greater risk of serious automobile accidents in densely populated areas, such accidents are most likely to occur in sparsely populated regions.
A、paradoxical B、anomalous C、axiomatic D、portentous II、Cloze
Directions: Fill in each of the blanks in the following passage with One appropriate work.(15%)
One argument used to support the idea that employment will continue to be the dominant form of work, and that 1 will eventually become available for all who want it , is
2 working time will continue to fall. People in jobs will work fewer hours in the day, fewer days in the week, fewer weeks in the year, and fewer years in a lifetime,
3 they do now . this will mean that more jobs will be available for more people. This, it is said, is the
4 we should set about restoring full employment.
There is no 5 that something of this kind will happen. The shorter working week, longer holidays, 6 retirement, job-sharing—these and other ways of reducing the amount of time people spend on their jobs-- 7 certainly likely to spread. A mix of part-time paid work and part-time unpaid work is likely to become a much more common work pattern than today, and a flexi-life pattern of work—involving paid employment at certain stages of life, but not at others—will become 8 .But it is surely unrealistic to assume that this will make it possible to restore full employment as the dominant 9 of work. In the 10 place, so long as employment remains the overwhelmingly important form of work and 11 of income for most people today, it is very difficult to see how reductions in employees‟ working time can take place on a sufficient scale for example, introducing a 35-hour working week. But, secondly, if changes of this king were to 12 place at a pace and on a scale sufficient to make it possible to share employment among all who wanted it , the resulting situation-- 13 which most people would not be working in their jobs for more than two or three short days a week—could hardly continue to be one in which employment was still regarded as the only truly valid form of work. There would be so many people spending so 14 of their time on other activities, including other forms of useful work, that the primacy of employment would be bound to be called into question, at least to some 15 .
III、Proofreading & Error Correction
Directions: The following 2 passages contain 20 errors: each indicated line contains one error only. In each case, only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following manner: for a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. For a missing word, mark the position of the missing work with a “Λ”sign and write the work you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash”/”, and put the word with a slash in the blank provided at the end of the line.(30%) Passage1
The changes in language will continue forever, but no one knows sure (1)
Who does the changing. One possibility is that children are
responsible. A professor of linguistic at the University of Hawaii, (2)
Explores this in one of his recent books. Sometimes around 1880, a (3) language catastrophe occurred in Hawaii when thousands of emigrant (4)
Workers were brought to the islands to work for the new sugar
industry. These people speaking different languages were unable to
Communicate with each other or with the native Hawaiians or the dominant English-speaking owners of the plantations. So they first
spoke in Pidgin English—the sort of thing such mixed language (5)
Populations have always done. A pidgin is not really a language at all. It is more like a set of verbal signals used to name objects and (6) Without the grammatical rules needed for expressing thought and
ideas. And then, within a single generation, the whole mass of mixed people began speaking a totally new tongue: Hawaiian Creole. The (7) new speech was contained ready-made words borrowed from all the (8) original tongues, but beard little or no resemblance to the (9) predecessors in the rules used for stringing the words together.
A lthough generally regarded as primitive language, Hawaiian Creole (10) had a highly sophisticated grammar, Passage2
I think it is true to saying that, in general, language teachers (11) have paid little attention to the way sentences are used in combination
to form stretches of connected discourse. They have tend to take (12) their cue from the grammarian and have concentrated to the teaching (13) of sentences as self-contained units. It is true that these are often presented in “contexts ”and strung together in dialogues and reading passages, but these are essentially setting to make the
formal properties of the sentences stand up more clearly, properties (14) which then established in the learner‟s mind by means of practice (15) drill and exercises. Basically, the language teaching unit is the (16) sentence as a formal linguistic object. The language teacher‟s view of
what that constitutes knowledge of a language is essentially the same (17) as Chomsky‟s knowledge of the syntactic structure of sentences, and of the transformational relations which hold them. Sentences are seen as paradigmatically rather than syntagmatically related. Such
a knowledge provides the basis for actual use of language by the (18) speaker and hearer. The assumption that the language teacher appears
to make is that once this base is provided, then the learner will have (19) no difficulty in the dealing with the actual use of language. (20)
IV、Reading Comprehension
Directions: Read each passage carefully and then answer the questions by blacking the letters you have selected.(50%) Passage One
To a celebrator of the alleged maternal instinct, ”modern woman”——with her contraception, abortion rights, career and nanny ——can only be a pitiful freak. Mid-20th century Freudians urged women to put aside ambition and masochistically(their word)submit to the maternal instinct. In the 19th century, gynecologists warned that any use of the female intellect——from novel reading to higher education——could foreclose motherhood by causing the uterus to , quite literally, wither away. Happiness was a full womb and a vacant mind.
In the past, feminists have responded to this kind of talk by arguing that women have no biologically scripted inner nature to violate. Hey, girls just wanna have fun! But the truth, according to anthropologist Sara Hrdy, is that women are biologically hard-wired for motherhood, only not in the ways men imagine. We are primates, after all, not spiders or guppies, and this means we are not scripted for indiscriminate reproduction but for well-spaced offspring, each requiring lengthy care.
In the natural human condition—the Paleolithic lifestyle that prevailed for at least 90% of existence—women probably spaced their births up to four years apart through prolonged lactation. As in surviving hunting societies like the Kung, infrequent births mean that each baby can be cherished and, of course, fed. It is this script—not commandment to multiply nonstop—that has been violated by human societies for the past few thousand years. By the time of the ancient Mediterranean civilizations, women were already having far more babies than they could care for—as evidenced by the widespread practice of infanticide and abandonment.
What makes a primate species start breeding more like bunnies than bonobos? Hrdy points to that great watershed of prehistory, the dawn of the Neolithic era, with the invention of agriculture, about 10,000 years ago. For one thing, the changing diet allowed girls to fatten up for puberty earlier and wean their babies faster, thus bearing more babies per lifetime. Men began to define land and animals as property and sources of prestige, it would seem, and women as chattels to be fought over.
With the “domestication” of women, and their consignment for frequent childbearing, patriarchy was born. The cultural pattern found in so many tribal horticultural societies—including warfare, male domination and polygyny—began to take hold worldwide. By the dawn of “civilization‟, the venerable female tendencies, Hrdy tells us, so essential to successful primate motherhood, ambition, ingenuity and sexual adventurousness, had been redefined as immortal or at least “unnatural”.
But maybe we are finally waking up from our species‟10,000-year-long mistake. Perhaps family planning, working moms and child-care centers aren‟t bizarre modernist digressions from the “natural” but the hallmarks of ancient primate family values. After all, the female primate‟s goal has never been hordes of offspring—just a few good kids. And if there is anything unique about our species compared with most other primates, it‟s that human males are so often motivated to serve as hands-on parents too. Thanks to contraceptive technology and, yes, feminism, we may have a chance to get back to nature at last—our special human primate nature.
1、The purpose of this essay is to . A、claim women‟s right to pursue their career B、clarify the nature of motherhood
C、compare modern women with their counterparts 10,000years ago D、criticize the conception of the alleged maternal instinct
2、In this essay, the alleged maternal instinct means that . A、women are born productive devices B、women‟s affection for children is natural C、frequent childbearing is natural for a woman
D、motherhood is a natural desire on the part of a woman 3、The Paleolithic lifestyle preferred . A、indiscriminate reproduction B、well-spaced kids with good care C、frequent childbearing D、hordes of good offspring 3、The Paleolithic lifestyle preferred . A、indiscriminate reproduction B、well-spaced kids with good care C、frequent childbearing D、hordes of good offspring
4、In the first sentence of the last paragraph, „our species‟ 10,000-year-long mistake” refers to .
A、indiscriminate reproduction B、infanticide and abandonment C、domestication of women D、male domination and polygyny
Passage TWO
For most of us, work is the central, dominating fact of life. We spend more than half our conscious hours at work, preparing for work, traveling to and from work,. What we do there largely determines our standard of living and, to a considerable extent, the status we are accorded by our fellow citizens as well. It is sometimes said that because leisure has become more important, the indignities and injustices of work can be pushed into a corner, that because most work is pretty intolerable, people who do it should compensate for its boredom, frustrations, and humiliations by concentrating their hopes on the other parts of their lives. I reject that as a counsel of despair. For the foreseeable future the material and psychological rewards which work can provide, and the conditions in which work is done, will continue to play a vital part in determining the satisfaction that life can offer. Yet only a small minority can control the pace at which they work or the conditions in which their work is done; only for a small minority does work offer scope for creativity, imagination, or initiative.
Inequality at work is still one of the cruelest and most glaring forms if inequality in our society. We cannot hope to solve the more obvious problems of industrial life, many of which arise directly or indirectly from the frustrations created by inequality at work, unless we tackle it head-on. Still less can we hope to create a decent and humane society.
The most glaring inequality is that between managers and the rest. For most managers, work is an opportunity and a challenge. Their jobs engage their interest and allow them to develop their abilities. They are constantly learning; they are able to
exercise responsibility; they have a considerable degree of control over their own—and others‟ —working lives. Most important of all, they have the opportunity to initiate. By contrast, for most workers, and for a growing number of white-collar workers, work in a boring , monotonous, even painful experience. They spend all their working lives in conditions which would be regarded as intolerable—for themselves—by those who take the decisions which let such conditions continue. The majority has little control over their work; it provides them with no opportunity for personal development. Often production is so designed that workers are simply part of the technology. In offices, many jobs are so routine that workers justifiably feel themselves to be mere cogs in the bureaucratic machine . As a direct consequence of their work experience, many workers feel alienated from their work and their firm, whether it is in public or in private ownership.
Rising educational standards feed rising expectations, yet the amount of control which the worker has over his own work situation does not rise accordingly. In many cases his control has been reduced. Symptoms of protest increase—rising sickness and absenteeism, high turnover of employees, restrictions on output, and strikes, both unofficial and official. There is not much escape out and upwards. As management becomes more professional—in itself a good thing—the opportunity for promotion from the shop floor becomes less. The only escape is to another equally frustrating manual job; the only compensation is found not in the job but outside it, if there is a rising standard of living.
5、Which of the following statements DOES NOT stand for the author‟s viewpoint?
A、Most people can never get any satisfaction from their jobs. B、Equality in our society is impossible.
C、The more education a worker has, the more control he has over his own work situation.
D、Sense of self-fulfillment is one of the key factors which determine the satisfaction a job can offer.
6、In the author‟s opinion, people judge others by . A、the type of work they do B、the place where they work
C、the time they spend on work D、the amount of money they earn 7、Working conditions generally remain intolerable because . A、the workers make no effort to change them
B、the workers have found compensation outside their jobs C、the management sees no need to change them D、many jobs are boring and monotonous 8、The passage is developed by .
A、cause and effect B、definition and illustration C、division and classification D、comparison and contrast
Passage Three
To an adolescent who dreams of dominating the basketball court, synthetic human growth hormone may look like a godsend. To biotechnology watchdog Jeremy
Rifkin, it has a more sinister aspect. The 5-foot- activist doesn‟t view short stature as a medical problem, ad he‟s appalled that the US government is sponsoring a 10-year study to see whether the treatment will make healthy children taller. In a new petition to the National Institute of Health, Rifkin and his Washington-based Foundation on Economic Trends charge that the study violates federal rules restricting medical experiments on children. No one expects the petition to shut down the study, but it has rekindled a long-simmering debate over what makes a difference a defect.
Synthetic human growth hormone was approved in 1985 as a treatment for kids who don‟t produce the substance naturally. The manufacturers would like to find a large clientele. The disputed NIH trial, now in its second year, is designed to see what effect the treatment will have on kids with normal hormone levels, but who fall at the lowest end of the height curve. Half of the 80participants get injections of synthetic growth hormone three times a week. The others get dummy injections. To measure the effects of the treatment, researchers will monitor all the kids until they stop growing.
Advocates of the drug‟s wider use insist that while short stature is no disease, it can be a social handicap. They cite research showing that short people tend to lag in school, earn less money, even lose elections. Twelve-year-old Marco Oriti has normal hormone levels but has always been small. After six years of treatment he‟s still five inches behind some peers, but his mother credits the drug with narrowing the gap.
Small risk: Someone else‟s parents may find a smaller gap worrisome. Should any child with nervous parents receive years of costly medical treatment? If the risks are minimal, and the public isn‟t paying the bill, maybe there‟s no harm(synthetic growth hormone isn‟t known to cause serious side effects at standard doses.)But the implications are unsettling. If short stature is to be treated as a medical disorder, Rifkin asks, what other perceived handicap will follow? Skin color ?
Some researchers share those misgiving but defend the NIH study as an effort to identify the durg‟s possibilities. At the moment, no one knows whether it will increase a normal child‟s adult height or simply help him attain it faster. If synthetic growth hormone does not provide extra inches, says Dr Lynnette Nieman of NIH, the debate over treating healthy kids will be questionable. Maybe so. But if the drug works, science alone won‟t tell us how to use it.
9、According to Jeremy Rifkin, the sinister aspect of the use of synthetic human growth hormone is that . A、people are not sure whether the treatment will increase a normal child‟s abult height or simply help him attain it faster
B、it is very expensive but produces very little effects
C、it misleads people into believing that short stature is a medical problem
D、the US government is wasting the public‟s money on the ten-year study of synthetic human growth hormone
10、Which of the following is NOT included in the disputed NIH trial?
A、It is designed to see what effect the treatment will have on kids who have normal hormone levels but are too short for their age.
B、It is to prove that short stature can be a social handicap though it is not a disease.
C、Forty participants receive injections without any synthetic human growth hormone.
D、Researchers are to keep observing all the participants until they stop growing. 11、We may infer from the passage that . A、even if the drug works, the wide use of it will involve other concerns.
B、if the drug can increase a kid‟s height, colored people would hope to change their skin color
C、parents will be scared if the drug does not provide extra inches D、people have no doubts that the drug will increase a normal child‟s abult height
Passage Four
The discovery that language can be a barrier to communication is quickly made by all who travel, study, govern or sell. Whether the activity is tourism, research, government, policing, business, or data dissemination, the lack of a common language can severely impede progress or can halt it altogether. ”Common language” here usually means a foreign language, but the same point applies in principle to any encounter with unfamiliar dialects or styles within a single language. ”They don‟t talk the same language” has a major metaphorical meaning alongside its literal one.
Although communication problems of this king must happen thousands of times each day, very few become public knowledge. Publicity comes only when a failure to communicate has major consequences, such as strikes, lost orders, legal problems, or fatal accidents—even, at times, war. One reported instance of communication failure took place in 1970, when several Americans ate a species of poisonous mushroom. No remedy was known, and two of the people died within days. A radio report of the case was heard by a chemist who knew of a treatment that had been successfully used in 1959 and published in 1963. Why had the American doctors not heard of it seven years later? Presumably because the report of the treatment had been published only in journals written in European languages other than English.
Several comparable cases have been reported. But isolated examples do not give an impression of the size of the problem—something that can come only from studies of the use or avoidance of foreign-language materials and contracts in different communicative situations. In the English-speaking scientific world, for example, surveys of books and documents consulted in libraries and other information agencies have shown that very little foreign-language material is ever consulted. Library requests in the field of science and technology showed that only 13 per cent were for foreign language periodicals. Studies of the sources cited in publications lead to a similar conclusion: the use of foreign-language sources is often found to be as low as 10 per cent.
The language barrier presents itself stark form to firms who wish to market their products in other countries. British industry, in particular, has in recent decades often been criticized for its linguistic insularity—for its assumption that foreign buyers will be happy to communicate in English, and that awareness of other languages is not therefore a priority. In the 1960s,over two-thirds of British firms dealing with non-English-speaking customers were using English for outgoing correspondence;
many had their sales literature only in English; and as many as 40 per cent employed no-one able to communicate in the customers‟ languages. A similar problem was identified in other English-speaking countries, notably the USA, Australia and New Zealand. And non-English-speaking countries were by no means exempt—although the wide spread use of English as an alternative language made them less open to the charge of insularity.
The criticism and publicity given to this problem since the 1960s seems to have greatly improved the situation. Industrial training schemes have promoted an increase in linguistic and cultural awareness. Many firms now have their own translation services; to take just one example in Britain, Rowntree Mackintosh now publish their documents in six languages(English, French, German ,Dutch, Italian and Xhosa). Some firms run part-time language courses in the languages of countries with which they are most involved; some produce their own technical glossaries, to ensure consistency when material is being translated. It is now much more readily appreciated that marketing efforts can be delayed, damaged, or disrupted by failure to take account of the linguistic needs of the customer.
The changes in awareness have been most marked in English-speaking countries, where the realization has gradually dawned that by no means everyone in the world knows English well enough to negotiate in it. This is especially a problem when English is not an official language of public administration, as in most parts of Far East, Russia, the Arab world, etc. Even in cases where foreign customers can speak English quite well, it is often forgotten that they may not be able to understand it to the required level—bearing in mind the regional and social variation which permeates speech and which can cause major problems of listening comprehension. In securing understanding, how ”we” speak to “them” is just as important, it appears, as how ”they” speak to “us”.
12、According to the passage, “They don‟t speak the same language” (paragraph 1) can refer to problems in . A、understanding metaphor B、learning foreign languages
C、understanding dialect or style D、dealing with technological change
13、The case of poisonous mushrooms suggests that American doctors .
A、should have paid more attention to the radio reports B、only read medical journals written in English C、are sometimes unwilling to try foreign treatments
D、do not always communicate effectively with their patients
14、According to the writer, the linguistic insularity of British businesses . A、later spread to other countries B、had a negative effect on their business
C、is not as bad now as it used to be in the past
D、made non-English-speaking companies turn to other markets
15、According to the writer, English-speaking people need to e aware that .
A、some foreigners have never met an English-speaking person B、many foreigners have no desire to learn English
C、foreign languages may pose a greater problem in the future
D、English-speaking foreigners may have difficulty understanding English 16、A suitable title for this passage would be . A、Overcoming the Language Barrier
B、How to Survive an English Speaking World
C、Global understanding-the Key to Personal Progress D、The Need for a Common language
Passage Five
Clara came to Jordan‟s. Some of the older hands, Fanny among them, remembered her earlier rule, and cordially disliked the memory. Clara had always been ”ikey”, reserved, and superior. She had never mixed with the girls as one of themselves. If she had occasion to find fault, she did it coolly and with perfect politeness, which the defaulter felt to be a bigger insult than crossness. Towards Fanny, the poor, over-strung hunchback, Clara was unfailingly compassionate and gentle, as a result of which Fanny shed more bitter tears than ever the rough tongues of the other overseers had caused her.
There was something is Clara that Paul disliked, and much that piqued him. If she were about, he always watched her strong throat or her neck, upon which the blond hair grew low and fluffy. There was a fine down, almost invisible, upon the skin of her face and arms, and once he had perceived it, he saw it always.
When he was at his work, painting in the afternoon, she would come and stand near him, perfectly motionless. Then he felt her, though she neither spoke nor touched him. Although she stood a yard away he felt as if he were in contact with her. Then he could paint no more. He flung down the brushes, and turned to talk to her.
Sometimes she praised his work; sometimes she was critical and cold.
“You are affected in that piece,” she would say; and , as there was an element of truth in her condemnation, his blood boiled with anger.
Again: ”what f this” he would ask enthusiastically.
“H‟m!” She made a small doubtful sound. “It doesn‟t interest me much.” “Because you don‟t understand it,” he retorted. “Because I thought you would understand.”
She would shrug her shoulders in scorn of his work. She maddened him. He was furious. Then he abused her, and went into passionate exposition of his stuff. This amused and stimulated her. But she never owned that she had been wrong.
During the ten years that she had belonged to the women‟s movement she had acquired a fair amount of education, and, having had some of Miriam‟s passion to be instructed, had taught herself French, and could read in that language with a struggle. She considered herself as a woman apart, and particularly apart, from her class. The girls in the spiral department were all of good homes. It was a small, special industry, and had a certain distinction. There was an air of refinement in both rooms. But Clara was aloof also from her fellow-workers
None of these things, however, did she reveal to Paul. She was not the one to give herself away. There was a sense of mystery about her. She was so reserved, he felt she had much to reserve. Her history was open on the surface, but its inner meaning was hidden from everybody. It was exciting. And then sometimes he caught her looking at him from under her brows with an almost furtive, sullen scrutiny, which made him move quickly. Often she met his eyes. But then her own were, as it were, covered over, revealing nothing. She gave him a little, lenient smile. She was to him extraordinarily provocative, because of the knowledge she seemed to possess, and gathered fruit of experience he could not attain.
17、Being compassionately and politely treated by Clara, Fanny felt . A、deeply moved B、more humiliated C、very grateful D、mistakenly wronged
18、All the following descriptions of Clara are true EXCEPT that . A、she wanted to be kind to her work-mates
B、she was always condescending towards her fellow workers C、she felt herself superior to her own class D、she did want others to read to her own class
19、What Paul didn‟t like in Clara was that . A、she was sometimes scornfully critical about his painting B、she was a feminist
C、she had more education than him D、she was not pretty enough
20、Which of the following descriptions is NOT true of Paul‟s feeling when he was with Clara?
A、He felt attracted by her.
B、He didn‟t quite understand her.
C、He felt himself inferior for lacking knowledge and experience D、He shared many ideas with her concerning painting.
IV、Rhetoric
Part I Direction: Give the definitions of the following terms(10%) 1、Analogy 2、Alliteration 3、Euphemism 4、synecdoch 5、sarcasm
6、Transferred Epithet 7、pun
8 、personification 9、onomatopoeia 10、understatement
Part 2 Direction: In each passage of the following contains several(at least one)figures of speech. Identify them by underlining and write down the names of those figures of speech.(20%)
1)At 6:20 a.m. the ground began to heave. Windows rattled; then they broke Objects started falling from shelves. Water heaters fell from their pedestals, tearing out plumbing. Outside, the road began to break up. Water mains and gas lines were wrenched apart, causing flooding and the danger of explosion. Office buildings began cracking; soon twenty, thirty, forty stories of concrete were diving at the helpless pedestrians panicking below.
2)Whatever is right, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is of good repute, if there is any excellence and if anything worthy of praise, let your mind dwell on these things.
3)Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of captivity. But one hundred years later, we must face the tragic fact that the Negro is still not free.
4)He was an undersized little man, with a head too big for his body-a sickly little man. His nerves were bad. He had skin trouble. It was agony for him to wear anything next to his skin coarser than silk. And he had delusions of grandeur.
5)He was a monster of conceit. Never for one minute did he look at the world or at people, except in relation to himself. He was not only the most important person in the world, to himself; in his own eyes he was the only person who existed. He believed himself to be one of the greatest composers.
6)There is greatness about his worst mistakes. Listening to his music, one doesn‟t forgive him for what he may or may not have been. It is not a matter of forgiveness. It is a matter of being dumb with wonder that his poor brain and body didn‟t burst under the torment of the demon of creative energy that lived inside him, struggling, crawling, scratching to be released; tearing, shrieking at him to write the music that was in him. The miracle is that what he did in the little space of seventy years could have been done at all, even by a great genius. Is it any wonder that he had no time to be a man?
7)But whom you forgive anything, I forgive also…in order that no advantage be taken of us by Satan; for we are not ignorant of his schemes
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