Ⅰ.阅读理解选修七
AModule5-6
(2016·聊城一中阶段测试){eq\\x(导学号02280987)}Somethinginchocolatecouldbeusedtostopcoughsandleadtomoreeffectivemedicines,sayUKresearchers.Theirstudyfoundthattheobromine,foundincocoa,wasnearlyathirdmoreeffectiveinstoppingcoughsthancodeine,whichwasconsideredthebestcoughmedicineatpresent.TheImperialCollegeLondonresearcherswhopublishedtheirresultsonlinesaidthediscoverycouldleadtomoreeffectivecoughtreatment.“Whilecoughingisnotnecessarilyharmful,itcanhaveamajoreffectonthequalityoflife,andthisdiscoverycouldbeahugestepforwardintreatingthisproblem，”saidProfessorPeterBarnes.Tenhealthyvolunteersweregiventheobromine,codeineorplacebo,apillthatcontainsnomedicine,duringtheexperiment.Neitherthevolunteersnortheresearchersknewwhoreceivedwhichpill.Theresearchersthenmeasuredlevelsofcapsaicin(辣椒素),whichisusedinresearchtocausecoughingandasasignofhowwellthemedicinesarestoppingcoughs.Theteamfoundthat,whenthevolunteersweregiventheobromine,thecapsaicinneedtoproduceacoughwasaroundathirdhigherthanintheplacebogroup.Whentheyweregivencodeinetheyneedonlyslightlyhigherleversofcapsaicintocauseacoughcomparedwiththeplacebo.Theresearcherssaidthattheobromineworkedbykeepingdownaverveactivity(神经活动),whichcausedcoughing.Theyalsofoundthatunlikesomestandardcoughtreatments,theobrominecausednosideeffectssuchassleepiness.语篇解读：这是一篇科普性读物。选材于医学的某一方面的研究——对巧克力中theobromine(可可碱)独特的治疗咳嗽的功效的对比研究，证明theobromine(可可碱)是未来有效的治疗咳嗽的良药。1．AccordingtoProfessorBarnes,theobromine________.A．cannotbeaseffectiveascodeineB．canbeharmfultopeople'shealthC．cannotbeseparatedfromchocolateD．canbeamoreeffectivecureforcoughs答案：D推理判断题。从第二段的“Theirstudyfoundthattheobromine,foundincocoa,wasnearlyathirdmoreeffectiveinstoppingcoughsthancodeine,whichwasconsideredthebestcoughmedicineatpresent.”可看出theobromine比codeine更有效，判断A项错误。既然它用来止咳，改善人们的生活质量，所以B项错误。在第一段提到了heobromine是从chocolate里提炼出来的，所以C项错误。故正确答案是D项。2．Whatwasusedintheexperimenttocausecoughing?A．Theobromine.C．Capsaicin.答案：CB．Codeine.D．Placebo.细节理解题。A、B、D三项中的物品是用来做实验的物品。在文章第四段最后一句“Theresearchersthenmeasuredlevelsofcapsaicin,whichisusedinresearchtocausecoughingandasasignofhowwellthemedicinearestoppingcoughs.”可知Capsaicin(辣椒素)用来引起咳嗽和作为这些药物如何止咳的依据。3．Welearnfromthetextthatvolunteersintheexperiment________.A．werepatientswithbadcoughsB．weredividedintothethreegroupsC．receivedstandardtreatmentsD．sufferedlittlesideeffects答案：B推理判断题。从第四段首句“Tenhealthyvolunteersweregiventheobromine,codeineorplacebo,apillthatcontainsnomedicine,duringtheexperiment.”可知实验中每组人吃一种所给的物品才能看出止咳的效果，故需要三组志愿者。4．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Codeine:ANewMedicineB．ChocolateMayCureCoughsC．CoughTreatment:AHardCaseD．TheobromineCanCauseCoughs答案：B归纳主旨题。本文主要介绍chocolate中含有的一种成分Theobromine能有很好的止咳效果，所以该题的正确答案为B。B(2015·太原市高三二模){eq\\x(导学号02280988)}Theearthisdyingbeforeusyetwesitandwatch.IftheTVorthegamesystembreaks,werunofftothestorestogetitfixedimmediatelynomatterwhatthecost.Whyaren'twewillingtofixourearth?Areourtelevisionsandgamesystemsmoreimportanttousthanwherewelive?Whereshallwecontinuetolive,untiltheendoftime?Theearthisourhomeandcannotbereplaced.Wemusttakecareofit.Wehavecomeupwithsomuchtechnologythatlimitsusinsteadofhelpingus.Takethatgamesystemweruntorepair.Whatdoesitdo?Itoccupieskids'time!Theearthhasalreadygivenkidsplentyofentertainmentintheformsoffieldsandhills,forestsandplains,waterandland.However,insteadofusingwhattheearthhasgivenus,andhelpingkidsbygivingthemexerciseastheyrunaround,wedecidetoruinkids'mindswithgamesystemsthatgluethemtothescreenforhours,andmakethemignoretheirhomeworkandchores.Wehavepollutedthisearthbymakingthesethingswhichdonotevenhelpinanyway!Wehavealreadymessedupthisworld;wehaveruinedtheair,water,andanimalsthatithassowillinglyprovidedforus.Weneedtostopthisdestructionoflifeandbringbacktheworldwehadbefore.Itwillnotbeeasy,buteverybodycanhelp!Whataboutsomethingassimpleasturningthelightsoffwhenyouleavearoom?Recyclingwhatcanberecycled?Pickinguplitter?Donatingmoneytoanenvironmentalorganization?Noneofthesethingsareveryhard.Wecan'tjustalwayssay,“Oh,theearthisamess.Ah,well,thosebigcompaniesthatarepollutingsomuchcanstopandfixit.”Instead,weneedtohelpout.It'snotonlythosebigcompanies;it'severydaythingsthatwedotoothatareruiningtheearth.Sostopandthinkaboutwhatyoucandotomakeadifferencetoourworld!语篇解读：这是一篇说明文。作者通过电脑游戏对孩子的恶劣影响来反思我们做的许多事情已经毁坏了我们的母亲—地球，号召人们停止毁坏地球的活动。5．WhydoestheauthormentiontelevisionsandgamesystemsinParagraph1?A．Tomakepeoplebetterawareoftheurgencytotheprotectionoftheearth.B．Toexplorethegreatharmdonetotheearthbytoomuchtechnologywaste.C．Toshowtherelationshipbetweenoveruseofthosethingswithearlydeath.D．Toremindpeopletospendlessonthemandusethesavedmoneyinawiserway.答案：A判断推理题。通过文章主旨及第一段最后一句“Whereshallwecontinuetolive,untiltheendoftime？”和第二段前两句“Theearthisourhomeandcannotbereplaced.Wemusttakecareofit.”可知作者在让人们意识到保护地球的紧迫性。故选A。6．Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthattheauthor________.A．thinkswemusttakecareofourirreplaceablehome—theearthB．thinksrunningaroundinfieldsoccupiestoomuchofkids'timeC．takesanextremelynegativeattitudetothingslikegamesystemsD．takesitforgrantedthattechnologygiveskidsplentyofentertainment答案：C判断推理题。根据第二段第五句中“Itoccupieskids'time！”和“wedecidetoruinkids'mindswithgamesystemsthatgluethemtothescreenforhours,andmakethemignoretheirhomeworkandchores.Wehavepollutedthisearthbymakingthesethingswhichdonotevenhelpinanyway！”可知作者对诸如游戏系统都持有极其否定的态度。故选C。7．Wecanclearlyfeelthattheauthorwrotethispassagewithdeep________.A．angerC．sadness答案：BB．emotionD．Regret观点态度题。A.anger“生气”；B.emotion“感情”；C.sadness“悲伤”；D.regret“遗憾”。通过文章中作者的疑问句和感叹句例如：Whyaren'twewillingtofixourearth?Areourtelevisionsandgamesystemsmoreimportanttousthanwherewelive?Itwillnotbeeasy,buteverybodycanhelp!可以得知作者写这篇文章带有深厚的感情。故选B。8．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．TocriticizethosebigcompaniesthatruintheearthB．Toaskpeopletosavekidsfromtheharmdonebypollution.C．TogivekidsplentyofentertainmentinacleanenvironmentD．Tocallonpeopletostopruiningtheearth答案：D主旨大意题。A“批评毁坏地球的那些大公司”；B“让人们拯救被污染危害的孩子”；C“在干净的环境里给孩子充分的娱乐”；D“号召人们停止毁坏地球”。通读全文，并根据最后一段内容和最后一句“Sostopandthinkaboutwhatyoucandotomakeadifferencetoourworld！”可知本文的主旨在于唤醒人们停止毁坏地球。故选D。Ⅱ.完形填空{eq\\x(导学号02280989)}(2015·江淮十校联考)JasmineHarman,afamousTVpresenter,wassunnyandactive.Nothingseemedto__1__herdown.Butnearlyadecadeon,JasminespentthefirstyearsofherTVlifebackground—oneshecouldn't__3__tobemadepublic.“WhenIstartedoutinTV,Ilivedinfearofsomeonediscoveringaboutmy__4__，”sheadmitted.Becausehermotherhada__5__wouldkeepillnesscalledHoardingDisorder(囤积症).“Mom__2__asecretabouther__6__batteries,oldspeakers,brokendollsandbasketsshe__7__inthestreet.Nothingwouldbethrownaway.Andshe'dbe__8__ifyouevertriedtoclearthemup，”Jasminerecalled.Eventually,theentirefamilycouldn'thavea__9__life.Twoyearsago,Jasminedidsomething__10__.ShemadeadocumentarycalledMyHoarderMomandMeaboutherfamily'sbattletofightagainsthermom'sdisease.“Ido__11__ourprogramwillshinemorelightontheissue，”saidJasmine.Thenasecondprogram,Britain'sBiggestHoarders__12__.Luckily,therearediagnosticcriteria(诊断标准)nowandexpertsthatcanhelp.Jasminehasbecomea(n)__13__herselfinaway.Sherunsawebsitetohelpsufferersandtheir__14__.“It'sincredible.Ispentmostofmychildhoodbeingashamed,butnowI'dliketomakeit__15__.Peoplelikemymumneedhelp,butnottobemadetofeel__16__.”“Wehadn'tbeenabletohaveChristmasdinneratMum'sfor__17__，becauseyoucouldn'tgetpeopleintothehouse__18__.Butwehadonelastyear,anditwasamazing，”Jasminesaid.“The__19__stillisn'tperfect,andMomisn'tperfecteither.She'sstill__20__withit.ButI'msoproudthatshe'scomethisfar,andIwanttotellotherpeopleit'spossible.”语篇解读：本文介绍了著名的电视节目主持人贾丝明·哈曼生活中不为人知的隐痛——她的母亲患有囤积症。在她的家里堆满了垃圾，这使得贾丝明·哈曼觉得很困扰，然而，后来的一件事使她完全改变了自己先前的想法。1.A.settleC．beat答案：CB．takeD．calmsettledown意为“定居，解决”；takedown意为“记下，拿下”；beatdown意为“击败，击倒”；calmdown意为“使镇静，使平静”。根据上句中的“...wassunnyandactive”可知，此处表示似乎没有什么能够击倒她，故C项正确。2.A.makingC．hiding答案：CB．discoveringD．mixingmake意为“制造，使得”；discover意为“发现”；hide意为“隐藏”；mix意为“混合”。根据宾语secret可以推断出此处表示“隐藏一个秘密”，故C项正确。3.A.waitC．cover答案：DB．planD．bearwait意为“等待，等候”；plan意为“计划，打算”；cover意为“覆盖，遮盖”；bear意为“容忍，忍耐”。根据下文可知，此处指一个她不忍公之于众的秘密，故D项正确。4.A.workC．illness答案：BB．mumD．memory根据下一句中的“Becausehermother...”可知，此处指贾丝明·哈曼害怕别人发现她母亲，故B项正确。5.A.mentalC．final答案：AB．physicalD．socialmental意为“精神的，心理的”；physical意为“身体上的”；final意为“最后的”；social意为“社会的”，根据此空后的疾病名称“囤积症”及下文的描述可知A项正确。6.A.newC．round答案：BB．usedD．expensivenew意为“新的”；used意为“使用过的”；round意为“圆的”；expensive意为“昂贵的”。根据疾病名和oldspeakers，brokendolls可以推断出，此处表示母亲收集用过的电池，故B项正确。7.A.putawayC．pickedup答案：CB．madeontD．dugoutputaway意为“收好，放起来”；makeout意为“理解；辨认出”；pickup意为“捡起，拾起”；digout意为“挖出”。根据此空后的inthestreet可以推断出此处表示她在街上捡这些东西，故C项正确。8.A.terribleB．gratefulC．OK答案：DD．crazy句意为：当你想把这些东西清理掉时，她会非常生气。terrible意为“可怕的”；grateful意为“感激的，感谢的”；OK意为“好的”；crazy意为“疯狂的，生气的”。根据语境可知此处D项正确。9.A.richC．simple答案：BB．normalD．hard句意为：最后，全家几乎无法拥有正常的生活。rich意为“富裕的”；normal意为“正常的”；simple意为“简单的”；hard意为“困难的”。根据语境可知B项正确。10．A.specialC．hopeless答案：AB．dangerousD．impossiblespecial意为“特殊的”；dangerous意为“危险的”；hopeless意为“无希望的”；impossible意为“不可能的”。根据下文可以推断此时JasmineHarman采取了一个特殊的行动，故A项正确。11．A.hopeC．fear答案：AB．wonderD．doubthope意为“希望”；wonder意为“想知道；纳闷”；fear意为“害怕，恐惧”；doubt意为“怀疑”。上文提到她采取了行动，制定了这个计划，此处表示强调，意为“真的希望……”，故A项正确。12．A.endedupC．keptaway答案：DB．brokedownD．cameoutendup意为“结束”；breakdown意为“抛锚；崩溃”；keepaway意为“离开，远离”；comeout意为“出来，出现；出版”。此处表示第二个节目《英国最大的囤积症患者》制作出来了，故D项正确。13．A.patientC．example答案：BB．expertD．role由前一句中的“...expertsthatcanhelp”可推断此处expert正确。B．bossesD．mistakes14．A.friendsC．families答案：C正确。15．A.fairC．false答案：D根据下文可知，此处表示她建立了一个网站，帮助患者和他们的家人，故C项B．safeD．publicfair意为“公平的，公正的”；safe意为“安全的”；false意为“错误的”；public意为“公开的”。根据连词but和前文中的secret可以推断出此处表示公开这个秘密，故D项正确。16．A.betterC．prouder答案：DB．youngerD．worsebetter意为“更好”；younger意为“更年轻”；prouder意为“更骄傲”；worse意为“更糟糕”。根据连词but可以推断出此处所填词是贬义词，故选D项。17．A.yearsC．centuries答案：AB．monthsD．weeks因为圣诞节是一年一次，故A项years正确。B．actuallyD．regularlyhardly意为“几乎不”；actually意为“事实上”；luckily意为“幸运地”；18．A.hardlyC．luckily答案：Bregularly意为“规则地，定期地”。根据语境可知，此处表示“事实上，你不能邀请人们去家里”，故B项正确。19．A.dreamC．house答案：C正确。20．A.strugglingC．turning答案：AB．fillingD．beggingstruggle意为“挣扎，斗争”；fill意为“充满，装满”；turn意为“转向，变B．wayD．study根据本段中前文“...becauseyoucouldn'tgetpeopleintothehouse...”可知此处C项成”；beg意为“祈求”。此处意为“她仍然在与疾病作斗争”，故A项正确。Ⅲ.短文改错{eq\\x(导学号02280990)}假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用(\\)划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Themainpurposeofnewspapersaretoprovidenews.Ifyouexaminenewspapersclose,youwillfindthereareallsortsnews:accidents,floods,fires,wars,sports,books,etc.Thenewscoverseverythingthathappentopeopleanditssurroundings.Sometimesthereissomenewsthatisveryinterested.Anewsreportisusuallyshort,exceptwhenitisveryimportant,andhasplentyofmessages.Itisalsowritteninshorterparagraphs.Thefirstparagraphisinthefactasummaryofthenews.Itgivesallthenecessaryinformations,includingwhat,when,where,how,andwhy.答案：Themainpurposeofnewspapers{eq\\o(are,\\s\\do8(is))}toprovidenews.Ifyouexaminenewspapers{eq\\o(close,\\s\\do8(closely))}，youwillfindthereareallsorts{eq\\o(∧,\\s\\do8(of))}news:accidents,floods,fires,wars,sports,books,etc.Thenewscoverseverythingthat{eq\\o(happen,\\s\\do8(happens))}topeopleand{eq\\o(its,\\s\\do8(their))}surroundings.Sometimesthereissomenewsthatisvery{eq\\o(interested,\\s\\do8(interesting))}.Anewsreportisusuallyshort,exceptwhenitisveryimportant,{eq\\o(and,\\s\\do8(but))}hasplentyofmessages.Itisalsowrittenin{eq\\o(shorter,\\s\\do8(short))}paragraphs.Thefirstparagraphisinthefactasummaryofthenews.Itgivesallthenecessary\\o(informations,\\s\\do8(information))}，includingwhat,when,where,how,andwhy.{eq
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